Untriex Programming
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import ctypes
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from ctypes import wintypes # We can't use ctypes.wintypes, we must import wintypes this way.
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from pygetwindow import PyGetWindowException, pointInRect, BaseWindow, Rect, Point, Size
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NULL = 0 # Used to match the Win32 API value of "null".
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# These FORMAT_MESSAGE_ constants are used for FormatMesage() and are
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# documented at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/winbase/nf-winbase-formatmessage#parameters
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FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER = 0x00000100
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FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000
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FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS = 0x00000200
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# These SW_ constants are used for ShowWindow() and are documented at
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# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/winuser/nf-winuser-showwindow#parameters
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SW_MINIMIZE = 6
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SW_MAXIMIZE = 3
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SW_HIDE = 0
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SW_SHOW = 5
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SW_RESTORE = 9
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# SetWindowPos constants:
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HWND_TOP = 0
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# Window Message constants:
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WM_CLOSE = 0x0010
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# This ctypes structure is for a Win32 POINT structure,
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# which is documented here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd162805(v=vs.85).aspx
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# The POINT structure is used by GetCursorPos().
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class POINT(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [("x", ctypes.c_long),
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("y", ctypes.c_long)]
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enumWindows = ctypes.windll.user32.EnumWindows
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enumWindowsProc = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_bool, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int))
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getWindowText = ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowTextW
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getWindowTextLength = ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowTextLengthW
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isWindowVisible = ctypes.windll.user32.IsWindowVisible
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class RECT(ctypes.Structure):
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"""A nice wrapper of the RECT structure.
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Microsoft Documentation:
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https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd162897(v=vs.85).aspx
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"""
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_fields_ = [('left', ctypes.c_long),
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('top', ctypes.c_long),
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('right', ctypes.c_long),
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('bottom', ctypes.c_long)]
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def _getAllTitles():
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# This code taken from https://sjohannes.wordpress.com/2012/03/23/win32-python-getting-all-window-titles/
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# A correction to this code (for enumWindowsProc) is here: http://makble.com/the-story-of-lpclong
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titles = []
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def foreach_window(hWnd, lParam):
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if isWindowVisible(hWnd):
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length = getWindowTextLength(hWnd)
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buff = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length + 1)
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getWindowText(hWnd, buff, length + 1)
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titles.append((hWnd, buff.value))
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return True
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enumWindows(enumWindowsProc(foreach_window), 0)
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return titles
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def _formatMessage(errorCode):
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"""A nice wrapper for FormatMessageW(). TODO
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Microsoft Documentation:
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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/winbase/nf-winbase-formatmessagew
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Additional information:
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18905702/python-ctypes-and-mutable-buffers
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/455434/how-should-i-use-formatmessage-properly-in-c
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"""
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lpBuffer = wintypes.LPWSTR()
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ctypes.windll.kernel32.FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
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NULL,
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errorCode,
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0, # dwLanguageId
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ctypes.cast(ctypes.byref(lpBuffer), wintypes.LPWSTR),
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0, # nSize
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NULL)
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msg = lpBuffer.value.rstrip()
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ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(lpBuffer) # Free the memory allocated for the error message's buffer.
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return msg
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def _raiseWithLastError():
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"""A helper function that raises PyGetWindowException using the error
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information from GetLastError() and FormatMessage()."""
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errorCode = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLastError()
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raise PyGetWindowException('Error code from Windows: %s - %s' % (errorCode, _formatMessage(errorCode)))
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def getActiveWindow():
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"""Returns a Window object of the currently active (focused) Window."""
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hWnd = ctypes.windll.user32.GetForegroundWindow()
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if hWnd == 0:
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# TODO - raise error instead
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return None # Note that this function doesn't use GetLastError().
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else:
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return Win32Window(hWnd)
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def getActiveWindowTitle():
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"""Returns a string of the title text of the currently active (focused) Window."""
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# NOTE - This function isn't threadsafe because it relies on a global variable. I don't use nonlocal because I want this to work on Python 2.
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global activeWindowTitle
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activeWindowHwnd = ctypes.windll.user32.GetForegroundWindow()
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if activeWindowHwnd == 0:
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# TODO - raise error instead
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return None # Note that this function doesn't use GetLastError().
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def foreach_window(hWnd, lParam):
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global activeWindowTitle
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if hWnd == activeWindowHwnd:
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length = getWindowTextLength(hWnd)
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buff = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length + 1)
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getWindowText(hWnd, buff, length + 1)
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activeWindowTitle = buff.value
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return True
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enumWindows(enumWindowsProc(foreach_window), 0)
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return activeWindowTitle
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def getWindowsAt(x, y):
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"""Returns a list of Window objects whose windows contain the point ``(x, y)``.
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* ``x`` (int, optional): The x position of the window(s).
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* ``y`` (int, optional): The y position of the window(s)."""
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windowsAtXY = []
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for window in getAllWindows():
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if pointInRect(x, y, window.left, window.top, window.width, window.height):
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windowsAtXY.append(window)
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return windowsAtXY
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def getWindowsWithTitle(title):
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"""Returns a list of Window objects that substring match ``title`` in their title text."""
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hWndsAndTitles = _getAllTitles()
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windowObjs = []
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for hWnd, winTitle in hWndsAndTitles:
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if title.upper() in winTitle.upper(): # do a case-insensitive match
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windowObjs.append(Win32Window(hWnd))
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return windowObjs
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def getAllTitles():
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"""Returns a list of strings of window titles for all visible windows.
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"""
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return [window.title for window in getAllWindows()]
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def getAllWindows():
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"""Returns a list of Window objects for all visible windows.
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"""
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windowObjs = []
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def foreach_window(hWnd, lParam):
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if ctypes.windll.user32.IsWindowVisible(hWnd) != 0:
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windowObjs.append(Win32Window(hWnd))
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return True
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enumWindows(enumWindowsProc(foreach_window), 0)
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return windowObjs
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class Win32Window(BaseWindow):
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def __init__(self, hWnd):
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self._hWnd = hWnd # TODO fix this, this is a LP_c_long insead of an int.
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self._setupRectProperties()
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def _getWindowRect(self):
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"""A nice wrapper for GetWindowRect(). TODO
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Syntax:
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BOOL GetWindowRect(
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HWND hWnd,
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LPRECT lpRect
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);
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Microsoft Documentation:
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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/winuser/nf-winuser-getwindowrect
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"""
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rect = RECT()
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowRect(self._hWnd, ctypes.byref(rect))
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if result != 0:
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return Rect(rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom)
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else:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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def __repr__(self):
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return '%s(hWnd=%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self._hWnd)
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def __eq__(self, other):
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return isinstance(other, Win32Window) and self._hWnd == other._hWnd
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def close(self):
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"""Closes this window. This may trigger "Are you sure you want to
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quit?" dialogs or other actions that prevent the window from
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actually closing. This is identical to clicking the X button on the
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window."""
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.PostMessageA(self._hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
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if result == 0:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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def minimize(self):
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"""Minimizes this window."""
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ctypes.windll.user32.ShowWindow(self._hWnd, SW_MINIMIZE)
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def maximize(self):
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"""Maximizes this window."""
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ctypes.windll.user32.ShowWindow(self._hWnd, SW_MAXIMIZE)
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def restore(self):
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"""If maximized or minimized, restores the window to it's normal size."""
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ctypes.windll.user32.ShowWindow(self._hWnd, SW_RESTORE)
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def show(self):
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"""If hidden or showing, shows the window on screen and in title bar."""
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ctypes.windll.user32.ShowWindow(self._hWnd,SW_SHOW)
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def hide(self):
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"""If hidden or showing, hides the window from screen and title bar."""
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ctypes.windll.user32.ShowWindow(self._hWnd,SW_HIDE)
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def activate(self):
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"""Activate this window and make it the foreground (focused) window."""
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.SetForegroundWindow(self._hWnd)
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if result == 0:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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def resize(self, widthOffset, heightOffset):
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"""Resizes the window relative to its current size."""
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.SetWindowPos(self._hWnd, HWND_TOP, self.left, self.top, self.width + widthOffset, self.height + heightOffset, 0)
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if result == 0:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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resizeRel = resize # resizeRel is an alias for the resize() method.
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def resizeTo(self, newWidth, newHeight):
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"""Resizes the window to a new width and height."""
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.SetWindowPos(self._hWnd, HWND_TOP, self.left, self.top, newWidth, newHeight, 0)
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if result == 0:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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def move(self, xOffset, yOffset):
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"""Moves the window relative to its current position."""
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.SetWindowPos(self._hWnd, HWND_TOP, self.left + xOffset, self.top + yOffset, self.width, self.height, 0)
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if result == 0:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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moveRel = move # moveRel is an alias for the move() method.
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def moveTo(self, newLeft, newTop):
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"""Moves the window to new coordinates on the screen."""
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result = ctypes.windll.user32.SetWindowPos(self._hWnd, HWND_TOP, newLeft, newTop, self.width, self.height, 0)
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if result == 0:
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_raiseWithLastError()
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@property
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def isMinimized(self):
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"""Returns ``True`` if the window is currently minimized."""
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return ctypes.windll.user32.IsIconic(self._hWnd) != 0
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@property
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def isMaximized(self):
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"""Returns ``True`` if the window is currently maximized."""
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return ctypes.windll.user32.IsZoomed(self._hWnd) != 0
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@property
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def isActive(self):
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"""Returns ``True`` if the window is currently the active, foreground window."""
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return getActiveWindow() == self
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@property
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def title(self):
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"""Returns the window title as a string."""
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textLenInCharacters = ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(self._hWnd)
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stringBuffer = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(textLenInCharacters + 1) # +1 for the \0 at the end of the null-terminated string.
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ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowTextW(self._hWnd, stringBuffer, textLenInCharacters + 1)
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# TODO it's ambiguous if an error happened or the title text is just empty. Look into this later.
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return stringBuffer.value
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@property
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def visible(self):
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"""Return ``True`` if the window is currently visible."""
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return isWindowVisible(self._hWnd)
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def cursor():
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"""Returns the current xy coordinates of the mouse cursor as a two-integer
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tuple by calling the GetCursorPos() win32 function.
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Returns:
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(x, y) tuple of the current xy coordinates of the mouse cursor.
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"""
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cursor = POINT()
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ctypes.windll.user32.GetCursorPos(ctypes.byref(cursor))
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return Point(x=cursor.x, y=cursor.y)
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def resolution():
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"""Returns the width and height of the screen as a two-integer tuple.
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Returns:
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(width, height) tuple of the screen size, in pixels.
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"""
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return Size(width=ctypes.windll.user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), height=ctypes.windll.user32.GetSystemMetrics(1))
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'''
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def displayWindowsUnderMouse(xOffset=0, yOffset=0):
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"""This function is meant to be run from the command line. It will
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automatically display the location and RGB of the mouse cursor."""
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print('Press Ctrl-C to quit.')
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if xOffset != 0 or yOffset != 0:
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print('xOffset: %s yOffset: %s' % (xOffset, yOffset))
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resolution = size()
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try:
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while True:
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# Get and print the mouse coordinates.
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x, y = position()
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positionStr = 'X: ' + str(x - xOffset).rjust(4) + ' Y: ' + str(y - yOffset).rjust(4)
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# TODO - display windows under the mouse
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sys.stdout.write(positionStr)
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sys.stdout.write('\b' * len(positionStr))
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sys.stdout.flush()
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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sys.stdout.write('\n')
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sys.stdout.flush()
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'''
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user