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<div id="top"><!-- do not remove this div, it is closed by doxygen! -->
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<div class="title">Tutorial 23: SMeshBufferHandling </div> </div>
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</div><!--header-->
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<img src="../../media/023shot.jpg" alt="023shot.jpg"/>
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<p>A tutorial by geoff.</p>
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<p>In this tutorial we'll learn how to create custom meshes and deal with them with Irrlicht. We'll create an interesting heightmap with some lighting effects. With keys 1,2,3 you can choose a different mesh layout, which is put into the mesh buffers as desired. All positions, normals, etc. are updated accordingly.</p>
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<p>Ok, let's start with the headers (I think there's nothing to say about it) </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include <irrlicht.h></span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "driverChoice.h"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#ifdef _MSC_VER</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#pragma comment(lib, "Irrlicht.lib")</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#endif</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Namespaces for the engine</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>irr;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>video;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>core;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>scene;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>io;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>gui;</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> This is the type of the functions which work out the colour.</p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> SColor colour_func(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z);</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> Here comes a set of functions which can be used for coloring the nodes while creating the mesh.</p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Greyscale, based on the height.</span></div><div class="line">SColor grey(f32, f32, f32 z)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> u32 n = (u32)(255.f * z);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SColor(255, n, n, n);</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Interpolation between blue and white, with red added in one</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// direction and green in the other.</span></div><div class="line">SColor yellow(f32 x, f32 y, f32)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SColor(255, 128 + (u32)(127.f * x), 128 + (u32)(127.f * y), 255);</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Pure white.</span></div><div class="line">SColor white(f32, f32, f32) { <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SColor(255, 255, 255, 255); }</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> The type of the functions which generate the heightmap. x and y range between -0.5 and 0.5, and s is the scale of the heightmap.</p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> f32 generate_func(s16 x, s16 y, f32 s);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// An interesting sample function :-)</span></div><div class="line">f32 eggbox(s16 x, s16 y, f32 s)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 r = 4.f*sqrtf((f32)(x*x + y*y))/s;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 z = expf(-r * 2) * (cosf(0.2f * x) + cosf(0.2f * y));</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0.25f+0.25f*z;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// A rather dumb sine function :-/</span></div><div class="line">f32 moresine(s16 x, s16 y, f32 s)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 xx=0.3f*(f32)x/s;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 yy=12*y/s;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 z = sinf(xx*xx+yy)*sinf(xx+yy*yy);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0.25f + 0.25f * z;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// A simple function</span></div><div class="line">f32 justexp(s16 x, s16 y, f32 s)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 xx=6*x/s;</div><div
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<p>s is a scaling factor, which is necessary if the height units are different from the coordinate units; for example, if your map has heights in metres and the coordinates are in units of a kilometer.</p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"> vector3df getnormal(u16 x, u16 y, f32 s)<span class="keyword"> const</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword"> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> f32 zc = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x, y);</div><div class="line"> f32 zl, zr, zu, zd;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (x == 0)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> zr = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x + 1, y);</div><div class="line"> zl = zc + zc - zr;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (x == Width - 1)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> zl = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x - 1, y);</div><div class="line"> zr = zc + zc - zl;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">else</span></div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> zr = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x + 1, y);</div><div class="line"> zl = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x - 1, y);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (y == 0)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> zd = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x, y + 1);</div><div class="line"> zu = zc + zc - zd;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (y == Height - 1)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> zu = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x, y - 1);</div><div class="line"> zd = zc + zc - zu;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">else</span></div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> zd = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x, y + 1);</div><div class="line"> zu = <span class="keyword">get</span>(x, y - 1);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> vector3df(s * 2 * (zl - zr), 4, s * 2 * (zd - zu)).normalize();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">};</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> A class which generates a mesh from a heightmap.</p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">class </span>TMesh</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span>:</div><div class="line"> u16 Width;</div><div class="line"> u16 Height;</div><div class="line"> f32 Scale;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</div><div class="line"> SMesh* Mesh;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> TMesh() : Mesh(0), Width(0), Height(0), Scale(1.f)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> Mesh = <span class="keyword">new</span> SMesh();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> ~TMesh()</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> Mesh->drop();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// Unless the heightmap is small, it won't all fit into a single</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// SMeshBuffer. This function chops it into pieces and generates a</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// buffer from each one.</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> init(<span class="keyword">const</span> HeightMap &hm, f32 scale, colour_func cf, IVideoDriver *driver)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div clas
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