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279 lines
17 KiB
HTML
279 lines
17 KiB
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Irrlicht Engine Tutorial</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0">
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<br>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#666699" width="10"><b><a href="http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net" target="_blank"><img src="../../media/irrlichtlogo.jpg" width="88" height="31" border="0"></a></b></td>
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<td bgcolor="#666699" width="100%">
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<div align="center">
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<div align="left"><b><font color="#FFFFFF">Tutorial 8. Special Effects</font></b></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">
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<td height="90" colspan="2">
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<div align="left">
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<p>This tutorials describes how to do special effects. It shows how to
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use stencil buffer shadows, the particle system, billboards, dynamic
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light and the water surface scene node. </p>
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<p>The program which is described here will look like this:</p>
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<p align="center"><img src="../../media/008shot.jpg" width="259" height="204"><br>
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</p>
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</div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<br>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#666699"> <b><font color="#FFFFFF">Lets start!</font></b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td height="90" bgcolor="#eeeeff" valign="top"> <div align="left">
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<div align="left">
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<p>We start like in some tutorials before. Please note that this time,
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the 'shadows' flag in createDevice() is set to true, for we want to
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have a dynamic shadow casted from an animated character. If your this
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example runs to slow, set it to false. The Irrlicht Engine checks
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if your hardware doesn't support the stencil buffer, and disables
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shadows by itself, but just in case the demo runs slow on your hardware.</p>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td> <pre><font color="#008000" size="2">#include <irrlicht.h>
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#include <iostream><br>
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</font><font size="2"><b>using namespace </b>irr;
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<font color="#008000">#pragma comment(lib, "Irrlicht.lib")
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</font><b>int </b>main()
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{
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// ask user for driver<br> video::E_DRIVER_TYPE driverType;<br>
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printf("Please select the driver you want for this example:\n"\<br> " (a) Direct3D 9.0c\n (b) Direct3D 8.1\n (c) OpenGL 1.5\n"\<br> " (d) Software Renderer\n (e) Apfelbaum Software Renderer\n"\<br> " (f) NullDevice\n (otherKey) exit\n\n");<br><br> char i;<br> std::cin >> i;<br><br> switch(i)<br> {<br> case 'a': driverType = video::EDT_DIRECT3D9;break;<br> case 'b': driverType = video::EDT_DIRECT3D8;break;<br> case 'c': driverType = video::EDT_OPENGL; break;<br> case 'd': driverType = video::EDT_SOFTWARE; break;<br> case 'e': driverType = video::EDT_BURNINGSVIDEO;break;<br> case 'f': driverType = video::EDT_NULL; break;<br> default: return 1;<br> }
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// create device and exit if creation failed<br> IrrlichtDevice *device = createDevice(driverType,
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core::dimension2d<s32>(640, 480), 16, false, true);
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if (device == 0)
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return 1;
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video::IVideoDriver* driver = device->getVideoDriver();
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scene::ISceneManager* smgr = device->getSceneManager();<font face="Courier New">
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</font></font></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> For our environment, we load a .3ds file. It is a small room I modelled
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with Anim8or and exported it into the 3ds format because the Irrlicht
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Engine did not support the .an8 format when I wrote this tutorial.
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I am a very bad 3d graphic artist, and so the texture mapping is not
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very nice in this model. Luckily I am a better programmer than artist,
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and so the Irrlicht Engine is able to create a cool texture mapping
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for me: Just use the mesh manipulator and create a planar texture
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mapping for the mesh. If you want to see the mapping I made with Anim8or,
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uncomment this line. I also did not figure out how to<br>
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set the material right in Anim8or, it has a specular light color
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which I don't really<br>
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like. I'll switch it off too with this code.</p>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td> <pre><font size=2> scene::IAnimatedMesh* mesh = smgr->getMesh(
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<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/room.3ds"</font>);
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smgr->getMeshManipulator()->makePlanarTextureMapping(
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mesh->getMesh(<font color="#800080">0</font>), <font color="#800080">0.008f</font>);
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scene::ISceneNode* node = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
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node = smgr->addAnimatedMeshSceneNode(mesh);
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node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/wall.jpg"</font>));
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node->getMaterial(0).SpecularColor.set(0,0,0,0);</font></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> Now, for the first special effect: Animated water. It works like
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this: The WaterSurfaceSceneNode takes a mesh as input and makes it
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wave like a water surface. And if we let this scene node use a nice
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material like the MT_REFLECTION_2_LAYER, it looks really cool. We
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are doing this with the next few lines of code. As input mesh, we
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create a hill plane mesh, without hills. But any other mesh could
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be used for this, you could even use the room.3ds (which would look
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really strange) if you wanted to. </p>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td> <pre> mesh = smgr->addHillPlaneMesh(<font color="#FF0000">"myHill"</font>,
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core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">20</font>,<font color="#800080">20</font>),
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core::dimension2d<s32>(<font color="#800080">40</font>,<font color="#800080">40</font>), <font color="#800080">0</font>, <font color="#800080">0</font>,
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core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>),
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core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">10</font>,<font color="#800080">10</font>));
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node = smgr->addWaterSurfaceSceneNode(mesh->getMesh(<font color="#800080">0</font>), <font color="#800080">3.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">300.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">30.0f</font>);
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node->setPosition(core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>));
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node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/stones.jpg"</font>));
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node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">1</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/water.jpg"</font>));
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node->setMaterialType(video::EMT_REFLECTION_2_LAYER<font size=3 face="Courier New">);
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</font></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> The second special effect is very basic, I bet you saw it already
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in some Irrlicht Engine demos: A transparent billboard combined with
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a dynamic light. We simply create a light scene node, let it fly around,
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an to make it look more cool, we attach a billboard scene node to
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it.</p>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td> <pre><font size=2> <font color="#0A246A"><i>// create light
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</i></font> node = smgr->addLightSceneNode(<font color="#800080">0</font>, core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>),
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video::SColorf(<font color="#800080">1.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">0.6f</font>, <font color="#800080">0.7f</font>, <font color="#800080">1.0f</font>), <font color="#800080">600.0f</font>);
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scene::ISceneNodeAnimator* anim = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
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anim = smgr->createFlyCircleAnimator (core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">150</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>),<font color="#800080">250.0f</font>);
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node->addAnimator(anim);
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anim->drop();
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<font color="#0A246A"><i>// attach billboard to light
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</i></font> node = smgr->addBillboardSceneNode(node, core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">50</font>, <font color="#800080">50</font>));
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node->setMaterialFlag(video::EMF_LIGHTING, <b>false</b>);
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node->setMaterialType(video::EMT_TRANSPARENT_ADD_COLOR);
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node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/particlewhite.bmp"</font>));
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</font></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> The next special effect is a lot more interesting: A particle system.
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The particle system in the Irrlicht Engine is quit modular and extensible
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and yet easy to use. There is a particle system scene node into which
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you can put particle emitters, which make particles come out of nothing.
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These emitters are quite flexible and usually have lots of parameters
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like direction, amount and color of the particles they should create.<br>
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There are different emitters, for example a point emitter which lets
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particles pop out at a fixed point. If the particle emitters available
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in the engine are not enough for you, you can easily create your own
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ones, you'll simply have to create a class derived from the IParticleEmitter
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interface and attach it to the particle system using setEmitter().<br>
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In this example we create a box particle emitter, which creates particles
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randomly inside a box. The parameters define the box, direction of
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the particles, minimal and maximal new particles per second, color
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and minimal and maximal livetime of the particles.</p>
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<p> Because only with emitters particle system would be a little bit
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boring, there are particle affectors, which modify particles during
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they fly around. They can be added to the particle system, simulating
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additional effects like gravity or wind. The particle affector we
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use in this example is an affector, which modifies the color of the
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particles: It lets them fade out. Like the particle emitters, additional
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particle affectors can also be implemented by you, simply derive a
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class from IParticleAffector and add it with addAffector(). After
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we set a nice material to the particle system, we have a cool looking
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camp fire. By adjusting material, texture, particle emitter and affector
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parameters, it is also easily possible to create smoke, rain, explosions,
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snow, and so on.<br>
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</p>
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</div>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td> <pre><font size="2"> scene::IParticleSystemSceneNode* ps = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
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ps = smgr->addParticleSystemSceneNode(<b>false</b>);
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ps->setPosition(core::vector3df(-<font color="#800080">70</font>,<font color="#800080">60</font>,<font color="#800080">40</font>));
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ps->setScale(core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">2</font>,<font color="#800080">2</font>,<font color="#800080">2</font>));
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ps->setParticleSize(core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">20.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">10.0f</font>));
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scene::IParticleEmitter* em = ps->createBoxEmitter(
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core::aabbox3d<f32>(-<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,-<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">1</font>,<font color="#800080">7</font>),
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core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0.0f</font>,<font color="#800080">0.03f</font>,<font color="#800080">0.0f</font>),
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<font color="#800080">80</font>,<font color="#800080">100</font>,
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video::SColor(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>), video::SColor(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>),
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<font color="#800080">800</font>,<font color="#800080">2000</font>);
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ps->setEmitter(em);
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em->drop();
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scene::IParticleAffector* paf =
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ps->createFadeOutParticleAffector();
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ps->addAffector(paf);
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paf->drop();
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ps->setMaterialFlag(video::EMF_LIGHTING, <b>false</b>);
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ps->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/particle.bmp"</font>));
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ps->setMaterialType(video::EMT_TRANSPARENT_VERTEX_ALPHA)<font size="2">;</font></font></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> As our last special effect, we want a dynamic shadow be casted from
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an animated character. For this we load a DirectX .x model and place
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it into our world. For creating the shadow, we simply need to call addShadowVolumeSceneNode().
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The color of shadows is only adjustable globally for all shadows, by
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calling ISceneManager::setShadowColor(). Voila, here is our dynamic
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shadow.<br>
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Because the character is a little bit too small for this scene, we make
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it bigger using setScale(). And because the character is lighted by
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a dynamic light, we need to normalize the normals to make the lighting
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on it correct. This is always necessary if the scale of a dynamic lighted
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model is not (1,1,1). Otherwise it would get too dark or too bright
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because the normals will be scaled too.</p>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td><pre><font size=2> mesh = smgr->getMesh(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/dwarf.x"</font>);
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scene::IAnimatedMeshSceneNode* anode = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
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anode = smgr->addAnimatedMeshSceneNode(mesh);
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anode->setPosition(core::vector3df(-<font color="#800080">50</font>,<font color="#800080">20</font>,-<font color="#800080">60</font>));
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anode->setAnimationSpeed(15);
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<font color="#0A246A">
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// add shadow</font>
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anode->addShadowVolumeSceneNode();
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smgr->setShadowColor(video::SColor(<font color="#800080">220</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>));
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</font><font size=2><font color="#0A246A">
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// make the model a little bit bigger and normalize its normals <br> // because of this for correct lighting</font><br> anode->setScale(core::vector3df(2,2,2));<br> anode->setMaterialFlag(video::EMF_NORMALIZE_NORMALS, true);</font><font size=3 face="Courier New"><br></font></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> Finally we simply have to draw everything, that's all.</p>
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
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<tr>
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<td><pre><font size=2> scene::ICameraSceneNode* camera = smgr->addCameraSceneNodeFPS();
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camera->setPosition(core::vector3df(-<font color="#800080">50</font>,<font color="#800080">50</font>,-<font color="#800080">150</font>));
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<b>int </b>lastFPS = -<font color="#800080">1</font>;
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<b>while</b>(device->run())
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{
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driver->beginScene(<b>true</b>, <b>true</b>, <font color="#800080">0</font>);
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smgr->drawAll();
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driver->endScene();
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<b>int </b>fps = driver->getFPS();
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<b>if </b>(lastFPS != fps)
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{
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core::stringw str = L"Irrlicht Engine - SpecialFX example [";<br> str += driver->getName();<br> str += "] FPS:";<br> str += fps;<br><br> device->setWindowCaption(str.c_str());<br> lastFPS = fps;<br> }
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}
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device->drop();
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<b>return </b><font color="#800080">0</font>;
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}
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</font>
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</pre></td>
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