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Untriex Programming 2021-08-31 22:06:02 +02:00
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.gitattributes vendored Normal file
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# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
* text=auto

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# Default ignored files
/shelf/
/workspace.xml
# Datasource local storage ignored files
/dataSources/
/dataSources.local.xml
# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
/httpRequests/

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
<component name="NewModuleRootManager">
<content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
<excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.venv" />
</content>
<orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
<orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
</component>
</module>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="DiscordProjectSettings">
<option name="show" value="ASK" />
<option name="description" value="" />
</component>
</project>

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<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
<profile version="1.0">
<option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
<inspection_tool class="PyPep8NamingInspection" enabled="true" level="WEAK WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
<option name="ignoredErrors">
<list>
<option value="N803" />
</list>
</option>
</inspection_tool>
</profile>
</component>

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<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
<settings>
<option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
<version value="1.0" />
</settings>
</component>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.9 (Info_edupage)" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
</project>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="ProjectModuleManager">
<modules>
<module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Info_edupage.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Info_edupage.iml" />
</modules>
</component>
</project>

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<#
.Synopsis
Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
.Description
Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
.Parameter VenvDir
Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
script is located within.
.Parameter Prompt
The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
.Example
Activate.ps1
Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
.Example
Activate.ps1 -Verbose
Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
.Example
Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
.Example
Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
.Notes
On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
command:
PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
For more information on Execution Policies:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
#>
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[String]
$VenvDir,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[String]
$Prompt
)
<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
<#
.Synopsis
Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
the PATH variable.
.Parameter NonDestructive
If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
session.
#>
function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
# Revert to original values
# The prior prompt:
if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
}
# The prior PYTHONHOME:
if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
}
# The prior PATH:
if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
}
# Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
}
# Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
}
# Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
if (-not $NonDestructive) {
Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
}
}
<#
.Description
Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
given folder, and returns them in a map.
For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
the right hand is the value.
If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
stripped from the value before being captured.
.Parameter ConfigDir
Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
#>
function Get-PyVenvConfig(
[String]
$ConfigDir
) {
Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
# Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
$pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
# An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
$pyvenvConfig = @{ }
if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
$pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
$pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
$keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
$val = $keyval[1]
# Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
$val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
}
$pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
}
}
}
return $pyvenvConfig
}
<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
# Determine the containing directory of this script
$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
if ($VenvDir) {
Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
}
else {
Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
$VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
}
# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
# as `prompt`.
$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
if ($Prompt) {
Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
}
else {
Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
Write-Verbose " Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
$Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
}
else {
Write-Verbose " Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virutal environment)"
Write-Verbose " Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
$Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
}
}
Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
# deactivate function in place.
deactivate -nondestructive
# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
# that there is an activated venv.
$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
# Set the prompt to include the env name
# Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
function global:prompt {
Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
}
}
# Clear PYTHONHOME
if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
}
# Add the venv to the PATH
Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"

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# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
# you cannot run it directly
deactivate () {
# reset old environment variables
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
export PATH
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
fi
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
export PYTHONHOME
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
hash -r 2> /dev/null
fi
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
export PS1
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
fi
unset VIRTUAL_ENV
if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
# Self destruct!
unset -f deactivate
fi
}
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate nondestructive
VIRTUAL_ENV="/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv"
export VIRTUAL_ENV
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
export PATH
# unset PYTHONHOME if set
# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
unset PYTHONHOME
fi
if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
PS1="(.venv) ${PS1:-}"
export PS1
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
hash -r 2> /dev/null
fi

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# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
# You cannot run it directly.
# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
# Unset irrelevant variables.
deactivate nondestructive
setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
set prompt = "(.venv) $prompt"
endif
alias pydoc python -m pydoc
rehash

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# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
# (https://fishshell.com/); you cannot run it directly.
function deactivate -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
# reset old environment variables
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
end
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
end
if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
functions -e fish_prompt
set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
functions -e _old_fish_prompt
end
set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
# Self-destruct!
functions -e deactivate
end
end
# Unset irrelevant variables.
deactivate nondestructive
set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv"
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin" $PATH
# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
if set -q PYTHONHOME
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
set -e PYTHONHOME
end
if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
# fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
# Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
# With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
function fish_prompt
# Save the return status of the last command.
set -l old_status $status
# Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) "(.venv) " (set_color normal)
# Restore the return status of the previous command.
echo "exit $old_status" | .
# Output the original/"old" prompt.
_old_fish_prompt
end
set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
end

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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from chardet.cli.chardetect import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

8
.venv/bin/f2py Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from numpy.f2py.f2py2e import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

8
.venv/bin/f2py3 Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from numpy.f2py.f2py2e import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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.venv/bin/f2py3.9 Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from numpy.f2py.f2py2e import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

8
.venv/bin/pip Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

8
.venv/bin/pip3 Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

8
.venv/bin/pip3.9 Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

1
.venv/bin/python Symbolic link
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python3.9

1
.venv/bin/python3 Symbolic link
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python3.9

1
.venv/bin/python3.9 Symbolic link
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/usr/bin/python3.9

8
.venv/bin/wheel Executable file
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#!/home/untriex/Documents/Info_edupage/.venv/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from wheel.cli import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

1
.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/INSTALLER Normal file
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pip

77
.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/METADATA Normal file
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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: MouseInfo
Version: 0.1.3
Summary: An application to display XY position and RGB color information for the pixel currently under the mouse. Works on Python 2 and 3.
Home-page: https://github.com/asweigart/mouseinfo
Author: Al Sweigart
Author-email: al@inventwithpython.com
License: GPLv3+
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 or later (GPLv3+)
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
Requires-Dist: pyperclip
Requires-Dist: rubicon-objc ; platform_system == "Darwin"
Requires-Dist: Xlib ; platform_system == "Linux" and python_version < "3.0"
Requires-Dist: python3-Xlib ; platform_system == "Linux" and python_version >= "3.0"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (>=2.0.0) ; python_version == "2.7"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (<=3.4.2,>=2.0.0) ; python_version == "3.2"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (<=4.3.0,>=2.0.0) ; python_version == "3.3"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (<=5.4.1,>=2.5.0) ; python_version == "3.4"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (>=3.2.0) ; python_version == "3.5"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (>=4.0.0) ; python_version == "3.6"
Requires-Dist: Pillow (>=5.2.0) ; python_version == "3.7"
MouseInfo
======
An application to display XY position and RGB color information for the pixel currently under the mouse. Works on Python 2 and 3. This is useful for GUI automation planning.
The full documentation is at https://mouseinfo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Installation
------------
To install with pip, run:
pip install mouseinfo
Quickstart Guide
----------------
To run this application, enter the following into the terminal:
python3 -m mouseinfo
Or for Python 2, run:
python -m mouseinfo
Alternatively, to run it from the interactive shell or a Python program:
>>> import mouseinfo
>>> mouseinfo.mouseInfo()
The Mouse Info application displays the current XY coordinates of the mouse cursor, as well as the RGB color information of the pixel directly under the cursor. This can be useful for planning out GUI automation tests where the mouse is controlled by a script (such as a Python script with PyAutoGUI) to click on the screen at specific coordinates.
The "Copy" buttons will copy this mouse information to the clipboard, while the "Log" buttons will add this mouse information to the text field in the application. The RGB color information is given as a comman-delimited, three-integer red, green, and blue values as decimals from 0 to 255. The hex values of the RGB value is also given.
For practical use, you should set the keyboard focus on these buttons by tabbing over them. This leaves you free to move the mouse into position and then press space or Enter to log the current mouse coordinates/RGB value.
The contents of the log text field can be saved by clicking "Save Log". This will automatically overwrite any file with the provided name. A screenshot can also be saved by clicking "Save Screenshot"
Contribute
----------
If you'd like to contribute to MouseInfo, check out https://github.com/asweigart/mouseinfo

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.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/RECORD Normal file
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MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=kYuj0ypUuidPVs8ud01-CQP-DAguMx0NS8wtjbOEF-g,3507
MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/RECORD,,
MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=ewwEueio1C2XeHTvT17n8dZUJgOvyCWCt0WVNLClP9o,92
MouseInfo-0.1.3.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=OzKM4RMItUSZcDQKYRg00PHK3qPsWsG-9RQxsReBf5k,10
mouseinfo/__init__.py,sha256=LmQ_b7eBPbnxfM4pu9nFykcEgMcmLspkvQfp11Qg-P8,42960
mouseinfo/__main__.py,sha256=1OvUG2YiESIfQGuhhq-iEWtNXBa8-VGxGBhY4stfkw0,81
mouseinfo/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc,,
mouseinfo/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-39.pyc,,

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.37.0)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any

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mouseinfo

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.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PIL/BdfFontFile.py Normal file
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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# bitmap distribution font (bdf) file parser
#
# history:
# 1996-05-16 fl created (as bdf2pil)
# 1997-08-25 fl converted to FontFile driver
# 2001-05-25 fl removed bogus __init__ call
# 2002-11-20 fl robustification (from Kevin Cazabon, Dmitry Vasiliev)
# 2003-04-22 fl more robustification (from Graham Dumpleton)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
Parse X Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF)
"""
from . import FontFile, Image
bdf_slant = {
"R": "Roman",
"I": "Italic",
"O": "Oblique",
"RI": "Reverse Italic",
"RO": "Reverse Oblique",
"OT": "Other",
}
bdf_spacing = {"P": "Proportional", "M": "Monospaced", "C": "Cell"}
def bdf_char(f):
# skip to STARTCHAR
while True:
s = f.readline()
if not s:
return None
if s[:9] == b"STARTCHAR":
break
id = s[9:].strip().decode("ascii")
# load symbol properties
props = {}
while True:
s = f.readline()
if not s or s[:6] == b"BITMAP":
break
i = s.find(b" ")
props[s[:i].decode("ascii")] = s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii")
# load bitmap
bitmap = []
while True:
s = f.readline()
if not s or s[:7] == b"ENDCHAR":
break
bitmap.append(s[:-1])
bitmap = b"".join(bitmap)
[x, y, l, d] = [int(p) for p in props["BBX"].split()]
[dx, dy] = [int(p) for p in props["DWIDTH"].split()]
bbox = (dx, dy), (l, -d - y, x + l, -d), (0, 0, x, y)
try:
im = Image.frombytes("1", (x, y), bitmap, "hex", "1")
except ValueError:
# deal with zero-width characters
im = Image.new("1", (x, y))
return id, int(props["ENCODING"]), bbox, im
class BdfFontFile(FontFile.FontFile):
"""Font file plugin for the X11 BDF format."""
def __init__(self, fp):
super().__init__()
s = fp.readline()
if s[:13] != b"STARTFONT 2.1":
raise SyntaxError("not a valid BDF file")
props = {}
comments = []
while True:
s = fp.readline()
if not s or s[:13] == b"ENDPROPERTIES":
break
i = s.find(b" ")
props[s[:i].decode("ascii")] = s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii")
if s[:i] in [b"COMMENT", b"COPYRIGHT"]:
if s.find(b"LogicalFontDescription") < 0:
comments.append(s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii"))
while True:
c = bdf_char(fp)
if not c:
break
id, ch, (xy, dst, src), im = c
if 0 <= ch < len(self.glyph):
self.glyph[ch] = xy, dst, src, im

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"""
Blizzard Mipmap Format (.blp)
Jerome Leclanche <jerome@leclan.ch>
The contents of this file are hereby released in the public domain (CC0)
Full text of the CC0 license:
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
BLP1 files, used mostly in Warcraft III, are not fully supported.
All types of BLP2 files used in World of Warcraft are supported.
The BLP file structure consists of a header, up to 16 mipmaps of the
texture
Texture sizes must be powers of two, though the two dimensions do
not have to be equal; 512x256 is valid, but 512x200 is not.
The first mipmap (mipmap #0) is the full size image; each subsequent
mipmap halves both dimensions. The final mipmap should be 1x1.
BLP files come in many different flavours:
* JPEG-compressed (type == 0) - only supported for BLP1.
* RAW images (type == 1, encoding == 1). Each mipmap is stored as an
array of 8-bit values, one per pixel, left to right, top to bottom.
Each value is an index to the palette.
* DXT-compressed (type == 1, encoding == 2):
- DXT1 compression is used if alpha_encoding == 0.
- An additional alpha bit is used if alpha_depth == 1.
- DXT3 compression is used if alpha_encoding == 1.
- DXT5 compression is used if alpha_encoding == 7.
"""
import struct
from io import BytesIO
from . import Image, ImageFile
BLP_FORMAT_JPEG = 0
BLP_ENCODING_UNCOMPRESSED = 1
BLP_ENCODING_DXT = 2
BLP_ENCODING_UNCOMPRESSED_RAW_BGRA = 3
BLP_ALPHA_ENCODING_DXT1 = 0
BLP_ALPHA_ENCODING_DXT3 = 1
BLP_ALPHA_ENCODING_DXT5 = 7
def unpack_565(i):
return (((i >> 11) & 0x1F) << 3, ((i >> 5) & 0x3F) << 2, (i & 0x1F) << 3)
def decode_dxt1(data, alpha=False):
"""
input: one "row" of data (i.e. will produce 4*width pixels)
"""
blocks = len(data) // 8 # number of blocks in row
ret = (bytearray(), bytearray(), bytearray(), bytearray())
for block in range(blocks):
# Decode next 8-byte block.
idx = block * 8
color0, color1, bits = struct.unpack_from("<HHI", data, idx)
r0, g0, b0 = unpack_565(color0)
r1, g1, b1 = unpack_565(color1)
# Decode this block into 4x4 pixels
# Accumulate the results onto our 4 row accumulators
for j in range(4):
for i in range(4):
# get next control op and generate a pixel
control = bits & 3
bits = bits >> 2
a = 0xFF
if control == 0:
r, g, b = r0, g0, b0
elif control == 1:
r, g, b = r1, g1, b1
elif control == 2:
if color0 > color1:
r = (2 * r0 + r1) // 3
g = (2 * g0 + g1) // 3
b = (2 * b0 + b1) // 3
else:
r = (r0 + r1) // 2
g = (g0 + g1) // 2
b = (b0 + b1) // 2
elif control == 3:
if color0 > color1:
r = (2 * r1 + r0) // 3
g = (2 * g1 + g0) // 3
b = (2 * b1 + b0) // 3
else:
r, g, b, a = 0, 0, 0, 0
if alpha:
ret[j].extend([r, g, b, a])
else:
ret[j].extend([r, g, b])
return ret
def decode_dxt3(data):
"""
input: one "row" of data (i.e. will produce 4*width pixels)
"""
blocks = len(data) // 16 # number of blocks in row
ret = (bytearray(), bytearray(), bytearray(), bytearray())
for block in range(blocks):
idx = block * 16
block = data[idx : idx + 16]
# Decode next 16-byte block.
bits = struct.unpack_from("<8B", block)
color0, color1 = struct.unpack_from("<HH", block, 8)
(code,) = struct.unpack_from("<I", block, 12)
r0, g0, b0 = unpack_565(color0)
r1, g1, b1 = unpack_565(color1)
for j in range(4):
high = False # Do we want the higher bits?
for i in range(4):
alphacode_index = (4 * j + i) // 2
a = bits[alphacode_index]
if high:
high = False
a >>= 4
else:
high = True
a &= 0xF
a *= 17 # We get a value between 0 and 15
color_code = (code >> 2 * (4 * j + i)) & 0x03
if color_code == 0:
r, g, b = r0, g0, b0
elif color_code == 1:
r, g, b = r1, g1, b1
elif color_code == 2:
r = (2 * r0 + r1) // 3
g = (2 * g0 + g1) // 3
b = (2 * b0 + b1) // 3
elif color_code == 3:
r = (2 * r1 + r0) // 3
g = (2 * g1 + g0) // 3
b = (2 * b1 + b0) // 3
ret[j].extend([r, g, b, a])
return ret
def decode_dxt5(data):
"""
input: one "row" of data (i.e. will produce 4 * width pixels)
"""
blocks = len(data) // 16 # number of blocks in row
ret = (bytearray(), bytearray(), bytearray(), bytearray())
for block in range(blocks):
idx = block * 16
block = data[idx : idx + 16]
# Decode next 16-byte block.
a0, a1 = struct.unpack_from("<BB", block)
bits = struct.unpack_from("<6B", block, 2)
alphacode1 = bits[2] | (bits[3] << 8) | (bits[4] << 16) | (bits[5] << 24)
alphacode2 = bits[0] | (bits[1] << 8)
color0, color1 = struct.unpack_from("<HH", block, 8)
(code,) = struct.unpack_from("<I", block, 12)
r0, g0, b0 = unpack_565(color0)
r1, g1, b1 = unpack_565(color1)
for j in range(4):
for i in range(4):
# get next control op and generate a pixel
alphacode_index = 3 * (4 * j + i)
if alphacode_index <= 12:
alphacode = (alphacode2 >> alphacode_index) & 0x07
elif alphacode_index == 15:
alphacode = (alphacode2 >> 15) | ((alphacode1 << 1) & 0x06)
else: # alphacode_index >= 18 and alphacode_index <= 45
alphacode = (alphacode1 >> (alphacode_index - 16)) & 0x07
if alphacode == 0:
a = a0
elif alphacode == 1:
a = a1
elif a0 > a1:
a = ((8 - alphacode) * a0 + (alphacode - 1) * a1) // 7
elif alphacode == 6:
a = 0
elif alphacode == 7:
a = 255
else:
a = ((6 - alphacode) * a0 + (alphacode - 1) * a1) // 5
color_code = (code >> 2 * (4 * j + i)) & 0x03
if color_code == 0:
r, g, b = r0, g0, b0
elif color_code == 1:
r, g, b = r1, g1, b1
elif color_code == 2:
r = (2 * r0 + r1) // 3
g = (2 * g0 + g1) // 3
b = (2 * b0 + b1) // 3
elif color_code == 3:
r = (2 * r1 + r0) // 3
g = (2 * g1 + g0) // 3
b = (2 * b1 + b0) // 3
ret[j].extend([r, g, b, a])
return ret
class BLPFormatError(NotImplementedError):
pass
class BlpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
"""
Blizzard Mipmap Format
"""
format = "BLP"
format_description = "Blizzard Mipmap Format"
def _open(self):
self.magic = self.fp.read(4)
self._read_blp_header()
if self.magic == b"BLP1":
decoder = "BLP1"
self.mode = "RGB"
elif self.magic == b"BLP2":
decoder = "BLP2"
self.mode = "RGBA" if self._blp_alpha_depth else "RGB"
else:
raise BLPFormatError(f"Bad BLP magic {repr(self.magic)}")
self.tile = [(decoder, (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (self.mode, 0, 1))]
def _read_blp_header(self):
(self._blp_compression,) = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))
(self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))
(self._blp_alpha_depth,) = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))
(self._blp_alpha_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))
(self._blp_mips,) = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))
self._size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
if self.magic == b"BLP1":
# Only present for BLP1
(self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))
(self._blp_subtype,) = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))
self._blp_offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self.fp.read(16 * 4))
self._blp_lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self.fp.read(16 * 4))
class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
_pulls_fd = True
def decode(self, buffer):
try:
self.fd.seek(0)
self.magic = self.fd.read(4)
self._read_blp_header()
self._load()
except struct.error as e:
raise OSError("Truncated Blp file") from e
return 0, 0
def _safe_read(self, length):
return ImageFile._safe_read(self.fd, length)
def _read_palette(self):
ret = []
for i in range(256):
try:
b, g, r, a = struct.unpack("<4B", self._safe_read(4))
except struct.error:
break
ret.append((b, g, r, a))
return ret
def _read_blp_header(self):
(self._blp_compression,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
(self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
(self._blp_alpha_depth,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
(self._blp_alpha_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
(self._blp_mips,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
self.size = struct.unpack("<II", self._safe_read(8))
if self.magic == b"BLP1":
# Only present for BLP1
(self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
(self._blp_subtype,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
self._blp_offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
self._blp_lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
def _load(self):
if self._blp_compression == BLP_FORMAT_JPEG:
self._decode_jpeg_stream()
elif self._blp_compression == 1:
if self._blp_encoding in (4, 5):
data = bytearray()
palette = self._read_palette()
_data = BytesIO(self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0]))
while True:
try:
(offset,) = struct.unpack("<B", _data.read(1))
except struct.error:
break
b, g, r, a = palette[offset]
data.extend([r, g, b])
self.set_as_raw(bytes(data))
else:
raise BLPFormatError(
f"Unsupported BLP encoding {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
)
else:
raise BLPFormatError(
f"Unsupported BLP compression {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
)
def _decode_jpeg_stream(self):
from PIL.JpegImagePlugin import JpegImageFile
(jpeg_header_size,) = struct.unpack("<I", self._safe_read(4))
jpeg_header = self._safe_read(jpeg_header_size)
self._safe_read(self._blp_offsets[0] - self.fd.tell()) # What IS this?
data = self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0])
data = jpeg_header + data
data = BytesIO(data)
image = JpegImageFile(data)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(image.size)
self.tile = image.tile # :/
self.fd = image.fp
self.mode = image.mode
class BLP2Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
def _load(self):
palette = self._read_palette()
data = bytearray()
self.fd.seek(self._blp_offsets[0])
if self._blp_compression == 1:
# Uncompressed or DirectX compression
if self._blp_encoding == BLP_ENCODING_UNCOMPRESSED:
_data = BytesIO(self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0]))
while True:
try:
(offset,) = struct.unpack("<B", _data.read(1))
except struct.error:
break
b, g, r, a = palette[offset]
data.extend((r, g, b))
elif self._blp_encoding == BLP_ENCODING_DXT:
if self._blp_alpha_encoding == BLP_ALPHA_ENCODING_DXT1:
linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 8
for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
for d in decode_dxt1(
self._safe_read(linesize), alpha=bool(self._blp_alpha_depth)
):
data += d
elif self._blp_alpha_encoding == BLP_ALPHA_ENCODING_DXT3:
linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 16
for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
for d in decode_dxt3(self._safe_read(linesize)):
data += d
elif self._blp_alpha_encoding == BLP_ALPHA_ENCODING_DXT5:
linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 16
for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
for d in decode_dxt5(self._safe_read(linesize)):
data += d
else:
raise BLPFormatError(
f"Unsupported alpha encoding {repr(self._blp_alpha_encoding)}"
)
else:
raise BLPFormatError(f"Unknown BLP encoding {repr(self._blp_encoding)}")
else:
raise BLPFormatError(
f"Unknown BLP compression {repr(self._blp_compression)}"
)
self.set_as_raw(bytes(data))
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] in (b"BLP1", b"BLP2")
Image.register_open(BlpImageFile.format, BlpImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(BlpImageFile.format, ".blp")
Image.register_decoder("BLP1", BLP1Decoder)
Image.register_decoder("BLP2", BLP2Decoder)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# BMP file handler
#
# Windows (and OS/2) native bitmap storage format.
#
# history:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created
# 1996-04-30 fl Added save
# 1997-08-27 fl Fixed save of 1-bit images
# 1998-03-06 fl Load P images as L where possible
# 1998-07-03 fl Load P images as 1 where possible
# 1998-12-29 fl Handle small palettes
# 2002-12-30 fl Fixed load of 1-bit palette images
# 2003-04-21 fl Fixed load of 1-bit monochrome images
# 2003-04-23 fl Added limited support for BI_BITFIELDS compression
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import i32le as i32
from ._binary import o8
from ._binary import o16le as o16
from ._binary import o32le as o32
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Read BMP file
BIT2MODE = {
# bits => mode, rawmode
1: ("P", "P;1"),
4: ("P", "P;4"),
8: ("P", "P"),
16: ("RGB", "BGR;15"),
24: ("RGB", "BGR"),
32: ("RGB", "BGRX"),
}
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:2] == b"BM"
def _dib_accept(prefix):
return i32(prefix) in [12, 40, 64, 108, 124]
# =============================================================================
# Image plugin for the Windows BMP format.
# =============================================================================
class BmpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
""" Image plugin for the Windows Bitmap format (BMP) """
# ------------------------------------------------------------- Description
format_description = "Windows Bitmap"
format = "BMP"
# -------------------------------------------------- BMP Compression values
COMPRESSIONS = {"RAW": 0, "RLE8": 1, "RLE4": 2, "BITFIELDS": 3, "JPEG": 4, "PNG": 5}
for k, v in COMPRESSIONS.items():
vars()[k] = v
def _bitmap(self, header=0, offset=0):
""" Read relevant info about the BMP """
read, seek = self.fp.read, self.fp.seek
if header:
seek(header)
file_info = {}
# read bmp header size @offset 14 (this is part of the header size)
file_info["header_size"] = i32(read(4))
file_info["direction"] = -1
# -------------------- If requested, read header at a specific position
# read the rest of the bmp header, without its size
header_data = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, file_info["header_size"] - 4)
# -------------------------------------------------- IBM OS/2 Bitmap v1
# ----- This format has different offsets because of width/height types
if file_info["header_size"] == 12:
file_info["width"] = i16(header_data, 0)
file_info["height"] = i16(header_data, 2)
file_info["planes"] = i16(header_data, 4)
file_info["bits"] = i16(header_data, 6)
file_info["compression"] = self.RAW
file_info["palette_padding"] = 3
# --------------------------------------------- Windows Bitmap v2 to v5
# v3, OS/2 v2, v4, v5
elif file_info["header_size"] in (40, 64, 108, 124):
file_info["y_flip"] = header_data[7] == 0xFF
file_info["direction"] = 1 if file_info["y_flip"] else -1
file_info["width"] = i32(header_data, 0)
file_info["height"] = (
i32(header_data, 4)
if not file_info["y_flip"]
else 2 ** 32 - i32(header_data, 4)
)
file_info["planes"] = i16(header_data, 8)
file_info["bits"] = i16(header_data, 10)
file_info["compression"] = i32(header_data, 12)
# byte size of pixel data
file_info["data_size"] = i32(header_data, 16)
file_info["pixels_per_meter"] = (
i32(header_data, 20),
i32(header_data, 24),
)
file_info["colors"] = i32(header_data, 28)
file_info["palette_padding"] = 4
self.info["dpi"] = tuple(x / 39.3701 for x in file_info["pixels_per_meter"])
if file_info["compression"] == self.BITFIELDS:
if len(header_data) >= 52:
for idx, mask in enumerate(
["r_mask", "g_mask", "b_mask", "a_mask"]
):
file_info[mask] = i32(header_data, 36 + idx * 4)
else:
# 40 byte headers only have the three components in the
# bitfields masks, ref:
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd183376(v=vs.85).aspx
# See also
# https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1293
# There is a 4th component in the RGBQuad, in the alpha
# location, but it is listed as a reserved component,
# and it is not generally an alpha channel
file_info["a_mask"] = 0x0
for mask in ["r_mask", "g_mask", "b_mask"]:
file_info[mask] = i32(read(4))
file_info["rgb_mask"] = (
file_info["r_mask"],
file_info["g_mask"],
file_info["b_mask"],
)
file_info["rgba_mask"] = (
file_info["r_mask"],
file_info["g_mask"],
file_info["b_mask"],
file_info["a_mask"],
)
else:
raise OSError(f"Unsupported BMP header type ({file_info['header_size']})")
# ------------------ Special case : header is reported 40, which
# ---------------------- is shorter than real size for bpp >= 16
self._size = file_info["width"], file_info["height"]
# ------- If color count was not found in the header, compute from bits
file_info["colors"] = (
file_info["colors"]
if file_info.get("colors", 0)
else (1 << file_info["bits"])
)
# ---------------------- Check bit depth for unusual unsupported values
self.mode, raw_mode = BIT2MODE.get(file_info["bits"], (None, None))
if self.mode is None:
raise OSError(f"Unsupported BMP pixel depth ({file_info['bits']})")
# ---------------- Process BMP with Bitfields compression (not palette)
if file_info["compression"] == self.BITFIELDS:
SUPPORTED = {
32: [
(0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF, 0x0),
(0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF, 0xFF000000),
(0xFF, 0xFF00, 0xFF0000, 0xFF000000),
(0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0),
(0xFF000000, 0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0x0),
],
24: [(0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF)],
16: [(0xF800, 0x7E0, 0x1F), (0x7C00, 0x3E0, 0x1F)],
}
MASK_MODES = {
(32, (0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF, 0x0)): "BGRX",
(32, (0xFF000000, 0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0x0)): "XBGR",
(32, (0xFF, 0xFF00, 0xFF0000, 0xFF000000)): "RGBA",
(32, (0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF, 0xFF000000)): "BGRA",
(32, (0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0)): "BGRA",
(24, (0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF)): "BGR",
(16, (0xF800, 0x7E0, 0x1F)): "BGR;16",
(16, (0x7C00, 0x3E0, 0x1F)): "BGR;15",
}
if file_info["bits"] in SUPPORTED:
if (
file_info["bits"] == 32
and file_info["rgba_mask"] in SUPPORTED[file_info["bits"]]
):
raw_mode = MASK_MODES[(file_info["bits"], file_info["rgba_mask"])]
self.mode = "RGBA" if "A" in raw_mode else self.mode
elif (
file_info["bits"] in (24, 16)
and file_info["rgb_mask"] in SUPPORTED[file_info["bits"]]
):
raw_mode = MASK_MODES[(file_info["bits"], file_info["rgb_mask"])]
else:
raise OSError("Unsupported BMP bitfields layout")
else:
raise OSError("Unsupported BMP bitfields layout")
elif file_info["compression"] == self.RAW:
if file_info["bits"] == 32 and header == 22: # 32-bit .cur offset
raw_mode, self.mode = "BGRA", "RGBA"
else:
raise OSError(f"Unsupported BMP compression ({file_info['compression']})")
# --------------- Once the header is processed, process the palette/LUT
if self.mode == "P": # Paletted for 1, 4 and 8 bit images
# ---------------------------------------------------- 1-bit images
if not (0 < file_info["colors"] <= 65536):
raise OSError(f"Unsupported BMP Palette size ({file_info['colors']})")
else:
padding = file_info["palette_padding"]
palette = read(padding * file_info["colors"])
greyscale = True
indices = (
(0, 255)
if file_info["colors"] == 2
else list(range(file_info["colors"]))
)
# ----------------- Check if greyscale and ignore palette if so
for ind, val in enumerate(indices):
rgb = palette[ind * padding : ind * padding + 3]
if rgb != o8(val) * 3:
greyscale = False
# ------- If all colors are grey, white or black, ditch palette
if greyscale:
self.mode = "1" if file_info["colors"] == 2 else "L"
raw_mode = self.mode
else:
self.mode = "P"
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(
"BGRX" if padding == 4 else "BGR", palette
)
# ---------------------------- Finally set the tile data for the plugin
self.info["compression"] = file_info["compression"]
self.tile = [
(
"raw",
(0, 0, file_info["width"], file_info["height"]),
offset or self.fp.tell(),
(
raw_mode,
((file_info["width"] * file_info["bits"] + 31) >> 3) & (~3),
file_info["direction"],
),
)
]
def _open(self):
""" Open file, check magic number and read header """
# read 14 bytes: magic number, filesize, reserved, header final offset
head_data = self.fp.read(14)
# choke if the file does not have the required magic bytes
if not _accept(head_data):
raise SyntaxError("Not a BMP file")
# read the start position of the BMP image data (u32)
offset = i32(head_data, 10)
# load bitmap information (offset=raster info)
self._bitmap(offset=offset)
# =============================================================================
# Image plugin for the DIB format (BMP alias)
# =============================================================================
class DibImageFile(BmpImageFile):
format = "DIB"
format_description = "Windows Bitmap"
def _open(self):
self._bitmap()
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write BMP file
SAVE = {
"1": ("1", 1, 2),
"L": ("L", 8, 256),
"P": ("P", 8, 256),
"RGB": ("BGR", 24, 0),
"RGBA": ("BGRA", 32, 0),
}
def _dib_save(im, fp, filename):
_save(im, fp, filename, False)
def _save(im, fp, filename, bitmap_header=True):
try:
rawmode, bits, colors = SAVE[im.mode]
except KeyError as e:
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as BMP") from e
info = im.encoderinfo
dpi = info.get("dpi", (96, 96))
# 1 meter == 39.3701 inches
ppm = tuple(map(lambda x: int(x * 39.3701 + 0.5), dpi))
stride = ((im.size[0] * bits + 7) // 8 + 3) & (~3)
header = 40 # or 64 for OS/2 version 2
image = stride * im.size[1]
# bitmap header
if bitmap_header:
offset = 14 + header + colors * 4
file_size = offset + image
if file_size > 2 ** 32 - 1:
raise ValueError("File size is too large for the BMP format")
fp.write(
b"BM" # file type (magic)
+ o32(file_size) # file size
+ o32(0) # reserved
+ o32(offset) # image data offset
)
# bitmap info header
fp.write(
o32(header) # info header size
+ o32(im.size[0]) # width
+ o32(im.size[1]) # height
+ o16(1) # planes
+ o16(bits) # depth
+ o32(0) # compression (0=uncompressed)
+ o32(image) # size of bitmap
+ o32(ppm[0]) # resolution
+ o32(ppm[1]) # resolution
+ o32(colors) # colors used
+ o32(colors) # colors important
)
fp.write(b"\0" * (header - 40)) # padding (for OS/2 format)
if im.mode == "1":
for i in (0, 255):
fp.write(o8(i) * 4)
elif im.mode == "L":
for i in range(256):
fp.write(o8(i) * 4)
elif im.mode == "P":
fp.write(im.im.getpalette("RGB", "BGRX"))
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (rawmode, stride, -1))])
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(BmpImageFile.format, BmpImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(BmpImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(BmpImageFile.format, ".bmp")
Image.register_mime(BmpImageFile.format, "image/bmp")
Image.register_open(DibImageFile.format, DibImageFile, _dib_accept)
Image.register_save(DibImageFile.format, _dib_save)
Image.register_extension(DibImageFile.format, ".dib")
Image.register_mime(DibImageFile.format, "image/bmp")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# BUFR stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 1996-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler):
"""
Install application-specific BUFR image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == b"BUFR" or prefix[:4] == b"ZCZC"
class BufrStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "BUFR"
format_description = "BUFR"
def _open(self):
offset = self.fp.tell()
if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
raise SyntaxError("Not a BUFR file")
self.fp.seek(offset)
# make something up
self.mode = "F"
self._size = 1, 1
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self):
return _handler
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if _handler is None or not hasattr("_handler", "save"):
raise OSError("BUFR save handler not installed")
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(BufrStubImageFile.format, BufrStubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(BufrStubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(BufrStubImageFile.format, ".bufr")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# a class to read from a container file
#
# History:
# 1995-06-18 fl Created
# 1995-09-07 fl Added readline(), readlines()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
class ContainerIO:
"""
A file object that provides read access to a part of an existing
file (for example a TAR file).
"""
def __init__(self, file, offset, length):
"""
Create file object.
:param file: Existing file.
:param offset: Start of region, in bytes.
:param length: Size of region, in bytes.
"""
self.fh = file
self.pos = 0
self.offset = offset
self.length = length
self.fh.seek(offset)
##
# Always false.
def isatty(self):
return False
def seek(self, offset, mode=io.SEEK_SET):
"""
Move file pointer.
:param offset: Offset in bytes.
:param mode: Starting position. Use 0 for beginning of region, 1
for current offset, and 2 for end of region. You cannot move
the pointer outside the defined region.
"""
if mode == 1:
self.pos = self.pos + offset
elif mode == 2:
self.pos = self.length + offset
else:
self.pos = offset
# clamp
self.pos = max(0, min(self.pos, self.length))
self.fh.seek(self.offset + self.pos)
def tell(self):
"""
Get current file pointer.
:returns: Offset from start of region, in bytes.
"""
return self.pos
def read(self, n=0):
"""
Read data.
:param n: Number of bytes to read. If omitted or zero,
read until end of region.
:returns: An 8-bit string.
"""
if n:
n = min(n, self.length - self.pos)
else:
n = self.length - self.pos
if not n: # EOF
return b"" if "b" in self.fh.mode else ""
self.pos = self.pos + n
return self.fh.read(n)
def readline(self):
"""
Read a line of text.
:returns: An 8-bit string.
"""
s = b"" if "b" in self.fh.mode else ""
newline_character = b"\n" if "b" in self.fh.mode else "\n"
while True:
c = self.read(1)
if not c:
break
s = s + c
if c == newline_character:
break
return s
def readlines(self):
"""
Read multiple lines of text.
:returns: A list of 8-bit strings.
"""
lines = []
while True:
s = self.readline()
if not s:
break
lines.append(s)
return lines

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# Windows Cursor support for PIL
#
# notes:
# uses BmpImagePlugin.py to read the bitmap data.
#
# history:
# 96-05-27 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import BmpImagePlugin, Image
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import i32le as i32
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == b"\0\0\2\0"
##
# Image plugin for Windows Cursor files.
class CurImageFile(BmpImagePlugin.BmpImageFile):
format = "CUR"
format_description = "Windows Cursor"
def _open(self):
offset = self.fp.tell()
# check magic
s = self.fp.read(6)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not a CUR file")
# pick the largest cursor in the file
m = b""
for i in range(i16(s, 4)):
s = self.fp.read(16)
if not m:
m = s
elif s[0] > m[0] and s[1] > m[1]:
m = s
if not m:
raise TypeError("No cursors were found")
# load as bitmap
self._bitmap(i32(m, 12) + offset)
# patch up the bitmap height
self._size = self.size[0], self.size[1] // 2
d, e, o, a = self.tile[0]
self.tile[0] = d, (0, 0) + self.size, o, a
return
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(CurImageFile.format, CurImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(CurImageFile.format, ".cur")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# DCX file handling
#
# DCX is a container file format defined by Intel, commonly used
# for fax applications. Each DCX file consists of a directory
# (a list of file offsets) followed by a set of (usually 1-bit)
# PCX files.
#
# History:
# 1995-09-09 fl Created
# 1996-03-20 fl Properly derived from PcxImageFile.
# 1998-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
# 2002-07-30 fl Fixed file handling
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-98 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-96 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image
from ._binary import i32le as i32
from .PcxImagePlugin import PcxImageFile
MAGIC = 0x3ADE68B1 # QUIZ: what's this value, then?
def _accept(prefix):
return len(prefix) >= 4 and i32(prefix) == MAGIC
##
# Image plugin for the Intel DCX format.
class DcxImageFile(PcxImageFile):
format = "DCX"
format_description = "Intel DCX"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
# Header
s = self.fp.read(4)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not a DCX file")
# Component directory
self._offset = []
for i in range(1024):
offset = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if not offset:
break
self._offset.append(offset)
self.__fp = self.fp
self.frame = None
self.n_frames = len(self._offset)
self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
self.seek(0)
def seek(self, frame):
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
self.frame = frame
self.fp = self.__fp
self.fp.seek(self._offset[frame])
PcxImageFile._open(self)
def tell(self):
return self.frame
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
Image.register_open(DcxImageFile.format, DcxImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(DcxImageFile.format, ".dcx")

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"""
A Pillow loader for .dds files (S3TC-compressed aka DXTC)
Jerome Leclanche <jerome@leclan.ch>
Documentation:
https://web.archive.org/web/20170802060935/http://oss.sgi.com/projects/ogl-sample/registry/EXT/texture_compression_s3tc.txt
The contents of this file are hereby released in the public domain (CC0)
Full text of the CC0 license:
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
"""
import struct
from io import BytesIO
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import o32le as o32
# Magic ("DDS ")
DDS_MAGIC = 0x20534444
# DDS flags
DDSD_CAPS = 0x1
DDSD_HEIGHT = 0x2
DDSD_WIDTH = 0x4
DDSD_PITCH = 0x8
DDSD_PIXELFORMAT = 0x1000
DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT = 0x20000
DDSD_LINEARSIZE = 0x80000
DDSD_DEPTH = 0x800000
# DDS caps
DDSCAPS_COMPLEX = 0x8
DDSCAPS_TEXTURE = 0x1000
DDSCAPS_MIPMAP = 0x400000
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP = 0x200
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEX = 0x400
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEX = 0x800
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEY = 0x1000
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEY = 0x2000
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEZ = 0x4000
DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEZ = 0x8000
DDSCAPS2_VOLUME = 0x200000
# Pixel Format
DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS = 0x1
DDPF_ALPHA = 0x2
DDPF_FOURCC = 0x4
DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8 = 0x20
DDPF_RGB = 0x40
DDPF_LUMINANCE = 0x20000
# dds.h
DDS_FOURCC = DDPF_FOURCC
DDS_RGB = DDPF_RGB
DDS_RGBA = DDPF_RGB | DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS
DDS_LUMINANCE = DDPF_LUMINANCE
DDS_LUMINANCEA = DDPF_LUMINANCE | DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS
DDS_ALPHA = DDPF_ALPHA
DDS_PAL8 = DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8
DDS_HEADER_FLAGS_TEXTURE = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT
DDS_HEADER_FLAGS_MIPMAP = DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT
DDS_HEADER_FLAGS_VOLUME = DDSD_DEPTH
DDS_HEADER_FLAGS_PITCH = DDSD_PITCH
DDS_HEADER_FLAGS_LINEARSIZE = DDSD_LINEARSIZE
DDS_HEIGHT = DDSD_HEIGHT
DDS_WIDTH = DDSD_WIDTH
DDS_SURFACE_FLAGS_TEXTURE = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE
DDS_SURFACE_FLAGS_MIPMAP = DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP
DDS_SURFACE_FLAGS_CUBEMAP = DDSCAPS_COMPLEX
DDS_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEX = DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP | DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEX
DDS_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEX = DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP | DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEX
DDS_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEY = DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP | DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEY
DDS_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEY = DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP | DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEY
DDS_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEZ = DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP | DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEZ
DDS_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEZ = DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP | DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEZ
# DXT1
DXT1_FOURCC = 0x31545844
# DXT3
DXT3_FOURCC = 0x33545844
# DXT5
DXT5_FOURCC = 0x35545844
# dxgiformat.h
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS = 27
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM = 28
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB = 29
DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS = 82
DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM = 83
DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM = 84
DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_TYPELESS = 97
DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM = 98
DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB = 99
class DdsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "DDS"
format_description = "DirectDraw Surface"
def _open(self):
magic, header_size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
if header_size != 124:
raise OSError(f"Unsupported header size {repr(header_size)}")
header_bytes = self.fp.read(header_size - 4)
if len(header_bytes) != 120:
raise OSError(f"Incomplete header: {len(header_bytes)} bytes")
header = BytesIO(header_bytes)
flags, height, width = struct.unpack("<3I", header.read(12))
self._size = (width, height)
self.mode = "RGBA"
pitch, depth, mipmaps = struct.unpack("<3I", header.read(12))
struct.unpack("<11I", header.read(44)) # reserved
# pixel format
pfsize, pfflags = struct.unpack("<2I", header.read(8))
fourcc = header.read(4)
(bitcount,) = struct.unpack("<I", header.read(4))
masks = struct.unpack("<4I", header.read(16))
if pfflags & DDPF_RGB:
# Texture contains uncompressed RGB data
masks = {mask: ["R", "G", "B", "A"][i] for i, mask in enumerate(masks)}
rawmode = ""
if bitcount == 32:
rawmode += masks[0xFF000000]
else:
self.mode = "RGB"
rawmode += masks[0xFF0000] + masks[0xFF00] + masks[0xFF]
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (rawmode[::-1], 0, 1))]
else:
data_start = header_size + 4
n = 0
if fourcc == b"DXT1":
self.pixel_format = "DXT1"
n = 1
elif fourcc == b"DXT3":
self.pixel_format = "DXT3"
n = 2
elif fourcc == b"DXT5":
self.pixel_format = "DXT5"
n = 3
elif fourcc == b"BC5S":
self.pixel_format = "BC5S"
n = 5
self.mode = "RGB"
elif fourcc == b"DX10":
data_start += 20
# ignoring flags which pertain to volume textures and cubemaps
(dxgi_format,) = struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4))
self.fp.read(16)
if dxgi_format in (DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS, DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM):
self.pixel_format = "BC5"
n = 5
self.mode = "RGB"
elif dxgi_format == DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM:
self.pixel_format = "BC5S"
n = 5
self.mode = "RGB"
elif dxgi_format in (DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_TYPELESS, DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM):
self.pixel_format = "BC7"
n = 7
elif dxgi_format == DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB:
self.pixel_format = "BC7"
self.info["gamma"] = 1 / 2.2
n = 7
elif dxgi_format in (
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS,
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB,
):
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, ("RGBA", 0, 1))]
if dxgi_format == DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB:
self.info["gamma"] = 1 / 2.2
return
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"Unimplemented DXGI format {dxgi_format}"
)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f"Unimplemented pixel format {repr(fourcc)}")
self.tile = [
("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, data_start, (n, self.pixel_format))
]
def load_seek(self, pos):
pass
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if im.mode not in ("RGB", "RGBA"):
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as DDS")
fp.write(
o32(DDS_MAGIC)
+ o32(124) # header size
+ o32(
DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_PITCH | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT
) # flags
+ o32(im.height)
+ o32(im.width)
+ o32((im.width * (32 if im.mode == "RGBA" else 24) + 7) // 8) # pitch
+ o32(0) # depth
+ o32(0) # mipmaps
+ o32(0) * 11 # reserved
+ o32(32) # pfsize
+ o32(DDS_RGBA if im.mode == "RGBA" else DDPF_RGB) # pfflags
+ o32(0) # fourcc
+ o32(32 if im.mode == "RGBA" else 24) # bitcount
+ o32(0xFF0000) # rbitmask
+ o32(0xFF00) # gbitmask
+ o32(0xFF) # bbitmask
+ o32(0xFF000000 if im.mode == "RGBA" else 0) # abitmask
+ o32(DDSCAPS_TEXTURE) # dwCaps
+ o32(0) # dwCaps2
+ o32(0) # dwCaps3
+ o32(0) # dwCaps4
+ o32(0) # dwReserved2
)
if im.mode == "RGBA":
r, g, b, a = im.split()
im = Image.merge("RGBA", (a, r, g, b))
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (im.mode[::-1], 0, 1))])
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == b"DDS "
Image.register_open(DdsImageFile.format, DdsImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(DdsImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(DdsImageFile.format, ".dds")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# EPS file handling
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created (0.1)
# 1996-05-18 fl Don't choke on "atend" fields, Ghostscript interface (0.2)
# 1996-08-22 fl Don't choke on floating point BoundingBox values
# 1996-08-23 fl Handle files from Macintosh (0.3)
# 2001-02-17 fl Use 're' instead of 'regex' (Python 2.1) (0.4)
# 2003-09-07 fl Check gs.close status (from Federico Di Gregorio) (0.5)
# 2014-05-07 e Handling of EPS with binary preview and fixed resolution
# resizing
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i32le as i32
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
split = re.compile(r"^%%([^:]*):[ \t]*(.*)[ \t]*$")
field = re.compile(r"^%[%!\w]([^:]*)[ \t]*$")
gs_windows_binary = None
if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
import shutil
for binary in ("gswin32c", "gswin64c", "gs"):
if shutil.which(binary) is not None:
gs_windows_binary = binary
break
else:
gs_windows_binary = False
def has_ghostscript():
if gs_windows_binary:
return True
if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
try:
subprocess.check_call(["gs", "--version"], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
return True
except OSError:
# No Ghostscript
pass
return False
def Ghostscript(tile, size, fp, scale=1):
"""Render an image using Ghostscript"""
# Unpack decoder tile
decoder, tile, offset, data = tile[0]
length, bbox = data
# Hack to support hi-res rendering
scale = int(scale) or 1
# orig_size = size
# orig_bbox = bbox
size = (size[0] * scale, size[1] * scale)
# resolution is dependent on bbox and size
res = (
72.0 * size[0] / (bbox[2] - bbox[0]),
72.0 * size[1] / (bbox[3] - bbox[1]),
)
out_fd, outfile = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.close(out_fd)
infile_temp = None
if hasattr(fp, "name") and os.path.exists(fp.name):
infile = fp.name
else:
in_fd, infile_temp = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.close(in_fd)
infile = infile_temp
# Ignore length and offset!
# Ghostscript can read it
# Copy whole file to read in Ghostscript
with open(infile_temp, "wb") as f:
# fetch length of fp
fp.seek(0, io.SEEK_END)
fsize = fp.tell()
# ensure start position
# go back
fp.seek(0)
lengthfile = fsize
while lengthfile > 0:
s = fp.read(min(lengthfile, 100 * 1024))
if not s:
break
lengthfile -= len(s)
f.write(s)
# Build Ghostscript command
command = [
"gs",
"-q", # quiet mode
"-g%dx%d" % size, # set output geometry (pixels)
"-r%fx%f" % res, # set input DPI (dots per inch)
"-dBATCH", # exit after processing
"-dNOPAUSE", # don't pause between pages
"-dSAFER", # safe mode
"-sDEVICE=ppmraw", # ppm driver
f"-sOutputFile={outfile}", # output file
# adjust for image origin
"-c",
f"{-bbox[0]} {-bbox[1]} translate",
"-f",
infile, # input file
# showpage (see https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=698272)
"-c",
"showpage",
]
if gs_windows_binary is not None:
if not gs_windows_binary:
raise OSError("Unable to locate Ghostscript on paths")
command[0] = gs_windows_binary
# push data through Ghostscript
try:
startupinfo = None
if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
subprocess.check_call(command, startupinfo=startupinfo)
out_im = Image.open(outfile)
out_im.load()
finally:
try:
os.unlink(outfile)
if infile_temp:
os.unlink(infile_temp)
except OSError:
pass
im = out_im.im.copy()
out_im.close()
return im
class PSFile:
"""
Wrapper for bytesio object that treats either CR or LF as end of line.
"""
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
self.char = None
def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):
self.char = None
self.fp.seek(offset, whence)
def readline(self):
s = [self.char or b""]
self.char = None
c = self.fp.read(1)
while (c not in b"\r\n") and len(c):
s.append(c)
c = self.fp.read(1)
self.char = self.fp.read(1)
# line endings can be 1 or 2 of \r \n, in either order
if self.char in b"\r\n":
self.char = None
return b"".join(s).decode("latin-1")
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == b"%!PS" or (len(prefix) >= 4 and i32(prefix) == 0xC6D3D0C5)
##
# Image plugin for Encapsulated PostScript. This plugin supports only
# a few variants of this format.
class EpsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
"""EPS File Parser for the Python Imaging Library"""
format = "EPS"
format_description = "Encapsulated Postscript"
mode_map = {1: "L", 2: "LAB", 3: "RGB", 4: "CMYK"}
def _open(self):
(length, offset) = self._find_offset(self.fp)
# Rewrap the open file pointer in something that will
# convert line endings and decode to latin-1.
fp = PSFile(self.fp)
# go to offset - start of "%!PS"
fp.seek(offset)
box = None
self.mode = "RGB"
self._size = 1, 1 # FIXME: huh?
#
# Load EPS header
s_raw = fp.readline()
s = s_raw.strip("\r\n")
while s_raw:
if s:
if len(s) > 255:
raise SyntaxError("not an EPS file")
try:
m = split.match(s)
except re.error as e:
raise SyntaxError("not an EPS file") from e
if m:
k, v = m.group(1, 2)
self.info[k] = v
if k == "BoundingBox":
try:
# Note: The DSC spec says that BoundingBox
# fields should be integers, but some drivers
# put floating point values there anyway.
box = [int(float(i)) for i in v.split()]
self._size = box[2] - box[0], box[3] - box[1]
self.tile = [
("eps", (0, 0) + self.size, offset, (length, box))
]
except Exception:
pass
else:
m = field.match(s)
if m:
k = m.group(1)
if k == "EndComments":
break
if k[:8] == "PS-Adobe":
self.info[k[:8]] = k[9:]
else:
self.info[k] = ""
elif s[0] == "%":
# handle non-DSC PostScript comments that some
# tools mistakenly put in the Comments section
pass
else:
raise OSError("bad EPS header")
s_raw = fp.readline()
s = s_raw.strip("\r\n")
if s and s[:1] != "%":
break
#
# Scan for an "ImageData" descriptor
while s[:1] == "%":
if len(s) > 255:
raise SyntaxError("not an EPS file")
if s[:11] == "%ImageData:":
# Encoded bitmapped image.
x, y, bi, mo = s[11:].split(None, 7)[:4]
if int(bi) != 8:
break
try:
self.mode = self.mode_map[int(mo)]
except ValueError:
break
self._size = int(x), int(y)
return
s = fp.readline().strip("\r\n")
if not s:
break
if not box:
raise OSError("cannot determine EPS bounding box")
def _find_offset(self, fp):
s = fp.read(160)
if s[:4] == b"%!PS":
# for HEAD without binary preview
fp.seek(0, io.SEEK_END)
length = fp.tell()
offset = 0
elif i32(s, 0) == 0xC6D3D0C5:
# FIX for: Some EPS file not handled correctly / issue #302
# EPS can contain binary data
# or start directly with latin coding
# more info see:
# https://web.archive.org/web/20160528181353/http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/ps/5002.EPSF_Spec.pdf
offset = i32(s, 4)
length = i32(s, 8)
else:
raise SyntaxError("not an EPS file")
return (length, offset)
def load(self, scale=1):
# Load EPS via Ghostscript
if not self.tile:
return
self.im = Ghostscript(self.tile, self.size, self.fp, scale)
self.mode = self.im.mode
self._size = self.im.size
self.tile = []
def load_seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
# we can't incrementally load, so force ImageFile.parser to
# use our custom load method by defining this method.
pass
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _save(im, fp, filename, eps=1):
"""EPS Writer for the Python Imaging Library."""
#
# make sure image data is available
im.load()
#
# determine PostScript image mode
if im.mode == "L":
operator = (8, 1, b"image")
elif im.mode == "RGB":
operator = (8, 3, b"false 3 colorimage")
elif im.mode == "CMYK":
operator = (8, 4, b"false 4 colorimage")
else:
raise ValueError("image mode is not supported")
if eps:
#
# write EPS header
fp.write(b"%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n")
fp.write(b"%%Creator: PIL 0.1 EpsEncode\n")
# fp.write("%%CreationDate: %s"...)
fp.write(b"%%%%BoundingBox: 0 0 %d %d\n" % im.size)
fp.write(b"%%Pages: 1\n")
fp.write(b"%%EndComments\n")
fp.write(b"%%Page: 1 1\n")
fp.write(b"%%ImageData: %d %d " % im.size)
fp.write(b'%d %d 0 1 1 "%s"\n' % operator)
#
# image header
fp.write(b"gsave\n")
fp.write(b"10 dict begin\n")
fp.write(b"/buf %d string def\n" % (im.size[0] * operator[1]))
fp.write(b"%d %d scale\n" % im.size)
fp.write(b"%d %d 8\n" % im.size) # <= bits
fp.write(b"[%d 0 0 -%d 0 %d]\n" % (im.size[0], im.size[1], im.size[1]))
fp.write(b"{ currentfile buf readhexstring pop } bind\n")
fp.write(operator[2] + b"\n")
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("eps", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, None)])
fp.write(b"\n%%%%EndBinary\n")
fp.write(b"grestore end\n")
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(EpsImageFile.format, EpsImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(EpsImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(EpsImageFile.format, [".ps", ".eps"])
Image.register_mime(EpsImageFile.format, "application/postscript")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# EXIF tags
#
# Copyright (c) 2003 by Secret Labs AB
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
This module provides constants and clear-text names for various
well-known EXIF tags.
"""
TAGS = {
# possibly incomplete
0x0001: "InteropIndex",
0x000B: "ProcessingSoftware",
0x00FE: "NewSubfileType",
0x00FF: "SubfileType",
0x0100: "ImageWidth",
0x0101: "ImageLength",
0x0102: "BitsPerSample",
0x0103: "Compression",
0x0106: "PhotometricInterpretation",
0x0107: "Thresholding",
0x0108: "CellWidth",
0x0109: "CellLength",
0x010A: "FillOrder",
0x010D: "DocumentName",
0x010E: "ImageDescription",
0x010F: "Make",
0x0110: "Model",
0x0111: "StripOffsets",
0x0112: "Orientation",
0x0115: "SamplesPerPixel",
0x0116: "RowsPerStrip",
0x0117: "StripByteCounts",
0x0118: "MinSampleValue",
0x0119: "MaxSampleValue",
0x011A: "XResolution",
0x011B: "YResolution",
0x011C: "PlanarConfiguration",
0x011D: "PageName",
0x0120: "FreeOffsets",
0x0121: "FreeByteCounts",
0x0122: "GrayResponseUnit",
0x0123: "GrayResponseCurve",
0x0124: "T4Options",
0x0125: "T6Options",
0x0128: "ResolutionUnit",
0x0129: "PageNumber",
0x012D: "TransferFunction",
0x0131: "Software",
0x0132: "DateTime",
0x013B: "Artist",
0x013C: "HostComputer",
0x013D: "Predictor",
0x013E: "WhitePoint",
0x013F: "PrimaryChromaticities",
0x0140: "ColorMap",
0x0141: "HalftoneHints",
0x0142: "TileWidth",
0x0143: "TileLength",
0x0144: "TileOffsets",
0x0145: "TileByteCounts",
0x014A: "SubIFDs",
0x014C: "InkSet",
0x014D: "InkNames",
0x014E: "NumberOfInks",
0x0150: "DotRange",
0x0151: "TargetPrinter",
0x0152: "ExtraSamples",
0x0153: "SampleFormat",
0x0154: "SMinSampleValue",
0x0155: "SMaxSampleValue",
0x0156: "TransferRange",
0x0157: "ClipPath",
0x0158: "XClipPathUnits",
0x0159: "YClipPathUnits",
0x015A: "Indexed",
0x015B: "JPEGTables",
0x015F: "OPIProxy",
0x0200: "JPEGProc",
0x0201: "JpegIFOffset",
0x0202: "JpegIFByteCount",
0x0203: "JpegRestartInterval",
0x0205: "JpegLosslessPredictors",
0x0206: "JpegPointTransforms",
0x0207: "JpegQTables",
0x0208: "JpegDCTables",
0x0209: "JpegACTables",
0x0211: "YCbCrCoefficients",
0x0212: "YCbCrSubSampling",
0x0213: "YCbCrPositioning",
0x0214: "ReferenceBlackWhite",
0x02BC: "XMLPacket",
0x1000: "RelatedImageFileFormat",
0x1001: "RelatedImageWidth",
0x1002: "RelatedImageLength",
0x4746: "Rating",
0x4749: "RatingPercent",
0x800D: "ImageID",
0x828D: "CFARepeatPatternDim",
0x828E: "CFAPattern",
0x828F: "BatteryLevel",
0x8298: "Copyright",
0x829A: "ExposureTime",
0x829D: "FNumber",
0x83BB: "IPTCNAA",
0x8649: "ImageResources",
0x8769: "ExifOffset",
0x8773: "InterColorProfile",
0x8822: "ExposureProgram",
0x8824: "SpectralSensitivity",
0x8825: "GPSInfo",
0x8827: "ISOSpeedRatings",
0x8828: "OECF",
0x8829: "Interlace",
0x882A: "TimeZoneOffset",
0x882B: "SelfTimerMode",
0x8830: "SensitivityType",
0x8831: "StandardOutputSensitivity",
0x8832: "RecommendedExposureIndex",
0x8833: "ISOSpeed",
0x8834: "ISOSpeedLatitudeyyy",
0x8835: "ISOSpeedLatitudezzz",
0x9000: "ExifVersion",
0x9003: "DateTimeOriginal",
0x9004: "DateTimeDigitized",
0x9010: "OffsetTime",
0x9011: "OffsetTimeOriginal",
0x9012: "OffsetTimeDigitized",
0x9101: "ComponentsConfiguration",
0x9102: "CompressedBitsPerPixel",
0x9201: "ShutterSpeedValue",
0x9202: "ApertureValue",
0x9203: "BrightnessValue",
0x9204: "ExposureBiasValue",
0x9205: "MaxApertureValue",
0x9206: "SubjectDistance",
0x9207: "MeteringMode",
0x9208: "LightSource",
0x9209: "Flash",
0x920A: "FocalLength",
0x920B: "FlashEnergy",
0x920C: "SpatialFrequencyResponse",
0x920D: "Noise",
0x9211: "ImageNumber",
0x9212: "SecurityClassification",
0x9213: "ImageHistory",
0x9214: "SubjectLocation",
0x9215: "ExposureIndex",
0x9216: "TIFF/EPStandardID",
0x927C: "MakerNote",
0x9286: "UserComment",
0x9290: "SubsecTime",
0x9291: "SubsecTimeOriginal",
0x9292: "SubsecTimeDigitized",
0x9400: "AmbientTemperature",
0x9401: "Humidity",
0x9402: "Pressure",
0x9403: "WaterDepth",
0x9404: "Acceleration",
0x9405: "CameraElevationAngle",
0x9C9B: "XPTitle",
0x9C9C: "XPComment",
0x9C9D: "XPAuthor",
0x9C9E: "XPKeywords",
0x9C9F: "XPSubject",
0xA000: "FlashPixVersion",
0xA001: "ColorSpace",
0xA002: "ExifImageWidth",
0xA003: "ExifImageHeight",
0xA004: "RelatedSoundFile",
0xA005: "ExifInteroperabilityOffset",
0xA20B: "FlashEnergy",
0xA20C: "SpatialFrequencyResponse",
0xA20E: "FocalPlaneXResolution",
0xA20F: "FocalPlaneYResolution",
0xA210: "FocalPlaneResolutionUnit",
0xA214: "SubjectLocation",
0xA215: "ExposureIndex",
0xA217: "SensingMethod",
0xA300: "FileSource",
0xA301: "SceneType",
0xA302: "CFAPattern",
0xA401: "CustomRendered",
0xA402: "ExposureMode",
0xA403: "WhiteBalance",
0xA404: "DigitalZoomRatio",
0xA405: "FocalLengthIn35mmFilm",
0xA406: "SceneCaptureType",
0xA407: "GainControl",
0xA408: "Contrast",
0xA409: "Saturation",
0xA40A: "Sharpness",
0xA40B: "DeviceSettingDescription",
0xA40C: "SubjectDistanceRange",
0xA420: "ImageUniqueID",
0xA430: "CameraOwnerName",
0xA431: "BodySerialNumber",
0xA432: "LensSpecification",
0xA433: "LensMake",
0xA434: "LensModel",
0xA435: "LensSerialNumber",
0xA460: "CompositeImage",
0xA461: "CompositeImageCount",
0xA462: "CompositeImageExposureTimes",
0xA500: "Gamma",
0xC4A5: "PrintImageMatching",
0xC612: "DNGVersion",
0xC613: "DNGBackwardVersion",
0xC614: "UniqueCameraModel",
0xC615: "LocalizedCameraModel",
0xC616: "CFAPlaneColor",
0xC617: "CFALayout",
0xC618: "LinearizationTable",
0xC619: "BlackLevelRepeatDim",
0xC61A: "BlackLevel",
0xC61B: "BlackLevelDeltaH",
0xC61C: "BlackLevelDeltaV",
0xC61D: "WhiteLevel",
0xC61E: "DefaultScale",
0xC61F: "DefaultCropOrigin",
0xC620: "DefaultCropSize",
0xC621: "ColorMatrix1",
0xC622: "ColorMatrix2",
0xC623: "CameraCalibration1",
0xC624: "CameraCalibration2",
0xC625: "ReductionMatrix1",
0xC626: "ReductionMatrix2",
0xC627: "AnalogBalance",
0xC628: "AsShotNeutral",
0xC629: "AsShotWhiteXY",
0xC62A: "BaselineExposure",
0xC62B: "BaselineNoise",
0xC62C: "BaselineSharpness",
0xC62D: "BayerGreenSplit",
0xC62E: "LinearResponseLimit",
0xC62F: "CameraSerialNumber",
0xC630: "LensInfo",
0xC631: "ChromaBlurRadius",
0xC632: "AntiAliasStrength",
0xC633: "ShadowScale",
0xC634: "DNGPrivateData",
0xC635: "MakerNoteSafety",
0xC65A: "CalibrationIlluminant1",
0xC65B: "CalibrationIlluminant2",
0xC65C: "BestQualityScale",
0xC65D: "RawDataUniqueID",
0xC68B: "OriginalRawFileName",
0xC68C: "OriginalRawFileData",
0xC68D: "ActiveArea",
0xC68E: "MaskedAreas",
0xC68F: "AsShotICCProfile",
0xC690: "AsShotPreProfileMatrix",
0xC691: "CurrentICCProfile",
0xC692: "CurrentPreProfileMatrix",
0xC6BF: "ColorimetricReference",
0xC6F3: "CameraCalibrationSignature",
0xC6F4: "ProfileCalibrationSignature",
0xC6F6: "AsShotProfileName",
0xC6F7: "NoiseReductionApplied",
0xC6F8: "ProfileName",
0xC6F9: "ProfileHueSatMapDims",
0xC6FA: "ProfileHueSatMapData1",
0xC6FB: "ProfileHueSatMapData2",
0xC6FC: "ProfileToneCurve",
0xC6FD: "ProfileEmbedPolicy",
0xC6FE: "ProfileCopyright",
0xC714: "ForwardMatrix1",
0xC715: "ForwardMatrix2",
0xC716: "PreviewApplicationName",
0xC717: "PreviewApplicationVersion",
0xC718: "PreviewSettingsName",
0xC719: "PreviewSettingsDigest",
0xC71A: "PreviewColorSpace",
0xC71B: "PreviewDateTime",
0xC71C: "RawImageDigest",
0xC71D: "OriginalRawFileDigest",
0xC71E: "SubTileBlockSize",
0xC71F: "RowInterleaveFactor",
0xC725: "ProfileLookTableDims",
0xC726: "ProfileLookTableData",
0xC740: "OpcodeList1",
0xC741: "OpcodeList2",
0xC74E: "OpcodeList3",
0xC761: "NoiseProfile",
}
"""Maps EXIF tags to tag names."""
GPSTAGS = {
0: "GPSVersionID",
1: "GPSLatitudeRef",
2: "GPSLatitude",
3: "GPSLongitudeRef",
4: "GPSLongitude",
5: "GPSAltitudeRef",
6: "GPSAltitude",
7: "GPSTimeStamp",
8: "GPSSatellites",
9: "GPSStatus",
10: "GPSMeasureMode",
11: "GPSDOP",
12: "GPSSpeedRef",
13: "GPSSpeed",
14: "GPSTrackRef",
15: "GPSTrack",
16: "GPSImgDirectionRef",
17: "GPSImgDirection",
18: "GPSMapDatum",
19: "GPSDestLatitudeRef",
20: "GPSDestLatitude",
21: "GPSDestLongitudeRef",
22: "GPSDestLongitude",
23: "GPSDestBearingRef",
24: "GPSDestBearing",
25: "GPSDestDistanceRef",
26: "GPSDestDistance",
27: "GPSProcessingMethod",
28: "GPSAreaInformation",
29: "GPSDateStamp",
30: "GPSDifferential",
31: "GPSHPositioningError",
}
"""Maps EXIF GPS tags to tag names."""

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# FITS stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler):
"""
Install application-specific FITS image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:6] == b"SIMPLE"
class FITSStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "FITS"
format_description = "FITS"
def _open(self):
offset = self.fp.tell()
headers = {}
while True:
header = self.fp.read(80)
if not header:
raise OSError("Truncated FITS file")
keyword = header[:8].strip()
if keyword == b"END":
break
value = header[8:].strip()
if value.startswith(b"="):
value = value[1:].strip()
if not headers and (not _accept(keyword) or value != b"T"):
raise SyntaxError("Not a FITS file")
headers[keyword] = value
naxis = int(headers[b"NAXIS"])
if naxis == 0:
raise ValueError("No image data")
elif naxis == 1:
self._size = 1, int(headers[b"NAXIS1"])
else:
self._size = int(headers[b"NAXIS1"]), int(headers[b"NAXIS2"])
number_of_bits = int(headers[b"BITPIX"])
if number_of_bits == 8:
self.mode = "L"
elif number_of_bits == 16:
self.mode = "I"
# rawmode = "I;16S"
elif number_of_bits == 32:
self.mode = "I"
elif number_of_bits in (-32, -64):
self.mode = "F"
# rawmode = "F" if number_of_bits == -32 else "F;64F"
self.fp.seek(offset)
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self):
return _handler
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if _handler is None or not hasattr("_handler", "save"):
raise OSError("FITS save handler not installed")
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(FITSStubImageFile.format, FITSStubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(FITSStubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(FITSStubImageFile.format, [".fit", ".fits"])

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# FLI/FLC file handling.
#
# History:
# 95-09-01 fl Created
# 97-01-03 fl Fixed parser, setup decoder tile
# 98-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-98.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1995-97.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import i32le as i32
from ._binary import o8
#
# decoder
def _accept(prefix):
return len(prefix) >= 6 and i16(prefix, 4) in [0xAF11, 0xAF12]
##
# Image plugin for the FLI/FLC animation format. Use the <b>seek</b>
# method to load individual frames.
class FliImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FLI"
format_description = "Autodesk FLI/FLC Animation"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
# HEAD
s = self.fp.read(128)
if not (
_accept(s)
and i16(s, 14) in [0, 3] # flags
and s[20:22] == b"\x00\x00" # reserved
):
raise SyntaxError("not an FLI/FLC file")
# frames
self.n_frames = i16(s, 6)
self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
# image characteristics
self.mode = "P"
self._size = i16(s, 8), i16(s, 10)
# animation speed
duration = i32(s, 16)
magic = i16(s, 4)
if magic == 0xAF11:
duration = (duration * 1000) // 70
self.info["duration"] = duration
# look for palette
palette = [(a, a, a) for a in range(256)]
s = self.fp.read(16)
self.__offset = 128
if i16(s, 4) == 0xF100:
# prefix chunk; ignore it
self.__offset = self.__offset + i32(s)
s = self.fp.read(16)
if i16(s, 4) == 0xF1FA:
# look for palette chunk
s = self.fp.read(6)
if i16(s, 4) == 11:
self._palette(palette, 2)
elif i16(s, 4) == 4:
self._palette(palette, 0)
palette = [o8(r) + o8(g) + o8(b) for (r, g, b) in palette]
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", b"".join(palette))
# set things up to decode first frame
self.__frame = -1
self.__fp = self.fp
self.__rewind = self.fp.tell()
self.seek(0)
def _palette(self, palette, shift):
# load palette
i = 0
for e in range(i16(self.fp.read(2))):
s = self.fp.read(2)
i = i + s[0]
n = s[1]
if n == 0:
n = 256
s = self.fp.read(n * 3)
for n in range(0, len(s), 3):
r = s[n] << shift
g = s[n + 1] << shift
b = s[n + 2] << shift
palette[i] = (r, g, b)
i += 1
def seek(self, frame):
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
if frame < self.__frame:
self._seek(0)
for f in range(self.__frame + 1, frame + 1):
self._seek(f)
def _seek(self, frame):
if frame == 0:
self.__frame = -1
self.__fp.seek(self.__rewind)
self.__offset = 128
else:
# ensure that the previous frame was loaded
self.load()
if frame != self.__frame + 1:
raise ValueError(f"cannot seek to frame {frame}")
self.__frame = frame
# move to next frame
self.fp = self.__fp
self.fp.seek(self.__offset)
s = self.fp.read(4)
if not s:
raise EOFError
framesize = i32(s)
self.decodermaxblock = framesize
self.tile = [("fli", (0, 0) + self.size, self.__offset, None)]
self.__offset += framesize
def tell(self):
return self.__frame
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
#
# registry
Image.register_open(FliImageFile.format, FliImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extensions(FliImageFile.format, [".fli", ".flc"])

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# base class for raster font file parsers
#
# history:
# 1997-06-05 fl created
# 1997-08-19 fl restrict image width
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-1998 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1997-1998 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import os
from . import Image, _binary
WIDTH = 800
def puti16(fp, values):
"""Write network order (big-endian) 16-bit sequence"""
for v in values:
if v < 0:
v += 65536
fp.write(_binary.o16be(v))
class FontFile:
"""Base class for raster font file handlers."""
bitmap = None
def __init__(self):
self.info = {}
self.glyph = [None] * 256
def __getitem__(self, ix):
return self.glyph[ix]
def compile(self):
"""Create metrics and bitmap"""
if self.bitmap:
return
# create bitmap large enough to hold all data
h = w = maxwidth = 0
lines = 1
for glyph in self:
if glyph:
d, dst, src, im = glyph
h = max(h, src[3] - src[1])
w = w + (src[2] - src[0])
if w > WIDTH:
lines += 1
w = src[2] - src[0]
maxwidth = max(maxwidth, w)
xsize = maxwidth
ysize = lines * h
if xsize == 0 and ysize == 0:
return ""
self.ysize = h
# paste glyphs into bitmap
self.bitmap = Image.new("1", (xsize, ysize))
self.metrics = [None] * 256
x = y = 0
for i in range(256):
glyph = self[i]
if glyph:
d, dst, src, im = glyph
xx = src[2] - src[0]
# yy = src[3] - src[1]
x0, y0 = x, y
x = x + xx
if x > WIDTH:
x, y = 0, y + h
x0, y0 = x, y
x = xx
s = src[0] + x0, src[1] + y0, src[2] + x0, src[3] + y0
self.bitmap.paste(im.crop(src), s)
self.metrics[i] = d, dst, s
def save(self, filename):
"""Save font"""
self.compile()
# font data
self.bitmap.save(os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".pbm", "PNG")
# font metrics
with open(os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".pil", "wb") as fp:
fp.write(b"PILfont\n")
fp.write(f";;;;;;{self.ysize};\n".encode("ascii")) # HACK!!!
fp.write(b"DATA\n")
for id in range(256):
m = self.metrics[id]
if not m:
puti16(fp, [0] * 10)
else:
puti16(fp, m[0] + m[1] + m[2])

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#
# THIS IS WORK IN PROGRESS
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# FlashPix support for PIL
#
# History:
# 97-01-25 fl Created (reads uncompressed RGB images only)
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import olefile
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i32le as i32
# we map from colour field tuples to (mode, rawmode) descriptors
MODES = {
# opacity
(0x00007FFE): ("A", "L"),
# monochrome
(0x00010000,): ("L", "L"),
(0x00018000, 0x00017FFE): ("RGBA", "LA"),
# photo YCC
(0x00020000, 0x00020001, 0x00020002): ("RGB", "YCC;P"),
(0x00028000, 0x00028001, 0x00028002, 0x00027FFE): ("RGBA", "YCCA;P"),
# standard RGB (NIFRGB)
(0x00030000, 0x00030001, 0x00030002): ("RGB", "RGB"),
(0x00038000, 0x00038001, 0x00038002, 0x00037FFE): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
}
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:8] == olefile.MAGIC
##
# Image plugin for the FlashPix images.
class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FPX"
format_description = "FlashPix"
def _open(self):
#
# read the OLE directory and see if this is a likely
# to be a FlashPix file
try:
self.ole = olefile.OleFileIO(self.fp)
except OSError as e:
raise SyntaxError("not an FPX file; invalid OLE file") from e
if self.ole.root.clsid != "56616700-C154-11CE-8553-00AA00A1F95B":
raise SyntaxError("not an FPX file; bad root CLSID")
self._open_index(1)
def _open_index(self, index=1):
#
# get the Image Contents Property Set
prop = self.ole.getproperties(
[f"Data Object Store {index:06d}", "\005Image Contents"]
)
# size (highest resolution)
self._size = prop[0x1000002], prop[0x1000003]
size = max(self.size)
i = 1
while size > 64:
size = size / 2
i += 1
self.maxid = i - 1
# mode. instead of using a single field for this, flashpix
# requires you to specify the mode for each channel in each
# resolution subimage, and leaves it to the decoder to make
# sure that they all match. for now, we'll cheat and assume
# that this is always the case.
id = self.maxid << 16
s = prop[0x2000002 | id]
colors = []
bands = i32(s, 4)
if bands > 4:
raise OSError("Invalid number of bands")
for i in range(bands):
# note: for now, we ignore the "uncalibrated" flag
colors.append(i32(s, 8 + i * 4) & 0x7FFFFFFF)
self.mode, self.rawmode = MODES[tuple(colors)]
# load JPEG tables, if any
self.jpeg = {}
for i in range(256):
id = 0x3000001 | (i << 16)
if id in prop:
self.jpeg[i] = prop[id]
self._open_subimage(1, self.maxid)
def _open_subimage(self, index=1, subimage=0):
#
# setup tile descriptors for a given subimage
stream = [
f"Data Object Store {index:06d}",
f"Resolution {subimage:04d}",
"Subimage 0000 Header",
]
fp = self.ole.openstream(stream)
# skip prefix
fp.read(28)
# header stream
s = fp.read(36)
size = i32(s, 4), i32(s, 8)
# tilecount = i32(s, 12)
tilesize = i32(s, 16), i32(s, 20)
# channels = i32(s, 24)
offset = i32(s, 28)
length = i32(s, 32)
if size != self.size:
raise OSError("subimage mismatch")
# get tile descriptors
fp.seek(28 + offset)
s = fp.read(i32(s, 12) * length)
x = y = 0
xsize, ysize = size
xtile, ytile = tilesize
self.tile = []
for i in range(0, len(s), length):
compression = i32(s, i + 8)
if compression == 0:
self.tile.append(
(
"raw",
(x, y, x + xtile, y + ytile),
i32(s, i) + 28,
(self.rawmode),
)
)
elif compression == 1:
# FIXME: the fill decoder is not implemented
self.tile.append(
(
"fill",
(x, y, x + xtile, y + ytile),
i32(s, i) + 28,
(self.rawmode, s[12:16]),
)
)
elif compression == 2:
internal_color_conversion = s[14]
jpeg_tables = s[15]
rawmode = self.rawmode
if internal_color_conversion:
# The image is stored as usual (usually YCbCr).
if rawmode == "RGBA":
# For "RGBA", data is stored as YCbCrA based on
# negative RGB. The following trick works around
# this problem :
jpegmode, rawmode = "YCbCrK", "CMYK"
else:
jpegmode = None # let the decoder decide
else:
# The image is stored as defined by rawmode
jpegmode = rawmode
self.tile.append(
(
"jpeg",
(x, y, x + xtile, y + ytile),
i32(s, i) + 28,
(rawmode, jpegmode),
)
)
# FIXME: jpeg tables are tile dependent; the prefix
# data must be placed in the tile descriptor itself!
if jpeg_tables:
self.tile_prefix = self.jpeg[jpeg_tables]
else:
raise OSError("unknown/invalid compression")
x = x + xtile
if x >= xsize:
x, y = 0, y + ytile
if y >= ysize:
break # isn't really required
self.stream = stream
self.fp = None
def load(self):
if not self.fp:
self.fp = self.ole.openstream(self.stream[:2] + ["Subimage 0000 Data"])
return ImageFile.ImageFile.load(self)
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(FpxImageFile.format, FpxImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(FpxImageFile.format, ".fpx")

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"""
A Pillow loader for .ftc and .ftu files (FTEX)
Jerome Leclanche <jerome@leclan.ch>
The contents of this file are hereby released in the public domain (CC0)
Full text of the CC0 license:
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Independence War 2: Edge Of Chaos - Texture File Format - 16 October 2001
The textures used for 3D objects in Independence War 2: Edge Of Chaos are in a
packed custom format called FTEX. This file format uses file extensions FTC
and FTU.
* FTC files are compressed textures (using standard texture compression).
* FTU files are not compressed.
Texture File Format
The FTC and FTU texture files both use the same format. This
has the following structure:
{header}
{format_directory}
{data}
Where:
{header} = {
u32:magic,
u32:version,
u32:width,
u32:height,
u32:mipmap_count,
u32:format_count
}
* The "magic" number is "FTEX".
* "width" and "height" are the dimensions of the texture.
* "mipmap_count" is the number of mipmaps in the texture.
* "format_count" is the number of texture formats (different versions of the
same texture) in this file.
{format_directory} = format_count * { u32:format, u32:where }
The format value is 0 for DXT1 compressed textures and 1 for 24-bit RGB
uncompressed textures.
The texture data for a format starts at the position "where" in the file.
Each set of texture data in the file has the following structure:
{data} = format_count * { u32:mipmap_size, mipmap_size * { u8 } }
* "mipmap_size" is the number of bytes in that mip level. For compressed
textures this is the size of the texture data compressed with DXT1. For 24 bit
uncompressed textures, this is 3 * width * height. Following this are the image
bytes for that mipmap level.
Note: All data is stored in little-Endian (Intel) byte order.
"""
import struct
from io import BytesIO
from . import Image, ImageFile
MAGIC = b"FTEX"
FORMAT_DXT1 = 0
FORMAT_UNCOMPRESSED = 1
class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FTEX"
format_description = "Texture File Format (IW2:EOC)"
def _open(self):
struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4)) # magic
struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4)) # version
self._size = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
mipmap_count, format_count = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
self.mode = "RGB"
# Only support single-format files.
# I don't know of any multi-format file.
assert format_count == 1
format, where = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
self.fp.seek(where)
(mipmap_size,) = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))
data = self.fp.read(mipmap_size)
if format == FORMAT_DXT1:
self.mode = "RGBA"
self.tile = [("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (1))]
elif format == FORMAT_UNCOMPRESSED:
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, ("RGB", 0, 1))]
else:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid texture compression format: {repr(format)}")
self.fp.close()
self.fp = BytesIO(data)
def load_seek(self, pos):
pass
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == MAGIC
Image.register_open(FtexImageFile.format, FtexImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extensions(FtexImageFile.format, [".ftc", ".ftu"])

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
#
# load a GIMP brush file
#
# History:
# 96-03-14 fl Created
# 16-01-08 es Version 2
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
# Copyright (c) Eric Soroos 2016.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
#
# See https://github.com/GNOME/gimp/blob/mainline/devel-docs/gbr.txt for
# format documentation.
#
# This code Interprets version 1 and 2 .gbr files.
# Version 1 files are obsolete, and should not be used for new
# brushes.
# Version 2 files are saved by GIMP v2.8 (at least)
# Version 3 files have a format specifier of 18 for 16bit floats in
# the color depth field. This is currently unsupported by Pillow.
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i32be as i32
def _accept(prefix):
return len(prefix) >= 8 and i32(prefix, 0) >= 20 and i32(prefix, 4) in (1, 2)
##
# Image plugin for the GIMP brush format.
class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "GBR"
format_description = "GIMP brush file"
def _open(self):
header_size = i32(self.fp.read(4))
version = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if header_size < 20:
raise SyntaxError("not a GIMP brush")
if version not in (1, 2):
raise SyntaxError(f"Unsupported GIMP brush version: {version}")
width = i32(self.fp.read(4))
height = i32(self.fp.read(4))
color_depth = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
raise SyntaxError("not a GIMP brush")
if color_depth not in (1, 4):
raise SyntaxError(f"Unsupported GIMP brush color depth: {color_depth}")
if version == 1:
comment_length = header_size - 20
else:
comment_length = header_size - 28
magic_number = self.fp.read(4)
if magic_number != b"GIMP":
raise SyntaxError("not a GIMP brush, bad magic number")
self.info["spacing"] = i32(self.fp.read(4))
comment = self.fp.read(comment_length)[:-1]
if color_depth == 1:
self.mode = "L"
else:
self.mode = "RGBA"
self._size = width, height
self.info["comment"] = comment
# Image might not be small
Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)
# Data is an uncompressed block of w * h * bytes/pixel
self._data_size = width * height * color_depth
def load(self):
if self.im:
# Already loaded
return
self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)
self.frombytes(self.fp.read(self._data_size))
#
# registry
Image.register_open(GbrImageFile.format, GbrImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(GbrImageFile.format, ".gbr")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# GD file handling
#
# History:
# 1996-04-12 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1996 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
.. note::
This format cannot be automatically recognized, so the
class is not registered for use with :py:func:`PIL.Image.open()`. To open a
gd file, use the :py:func:`PIL.GdImageFile.open()` function instead.
.. warning::
THE GD FORMAT IS NOT DESIGNED FOR DATA INTERCHANGE. This
implementation is provided for convenience and demonstrational
purposes only.
"""
from . import ImageFile, ImagePalette, UnidentifiedImageError
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
class GdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
"""
Image plugin for the GD uncompressed format. Note that this format
is not supported by the standard :py:func:`PIL.Image.open()` function. To use
this plugin, you have to import the :py:mod:`PIL.GdImageFile` module and
use the :py:func:`PIL.GdImageFile.open()` function.
"""
format = "GD"
format_description = "GD uncompressed images"
def _open(self):
# Header
s = self.fp.read(1037)
if not i16(s) in [65534, 65535]:
raise SyntaxError("Not a valid GD 2.x .gd file")
self.mode = "L" # FIXME: "P"
self._size = i16(s, 2), i16(s, 4)
trueColor = s[6]
trueColorOffset = 2 if trueColor else 0
# transparency index
tindex = i32(s, 7 + trueColorOffset)
if tindex < 256:
self.info["transparency"] = tindex
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(
"XBGR", s[7 + trueColorOffset + 4 : 7 + trueColorOffset + 4 + 256 * 4]
)
self.tile = [
("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 7 + trueColorOffset + 4 + 256 * 4, ("L", 0, 1))
]
def open(fp, mode="r"):
"""
Load texture from a GD image file.
:param filename: GD file name, or an opened file handle.
:param mode: Optional mode. In this version, if the mode argument
is given, it must be "r".
:returns: An image instance.
:raises OSError: If the image could not be read.
"""
if mode != "r":
raise ValueError("bad mode")
try:
return GdImageFile(fp)
except SyntaxError as e:
raise UnidentifiedImageError("cannot identify this image file") from e

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# GIF file handling
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created
# 1996-12-14 fl Added interlace support
# 1996-12-30 fl Added animation support
# 1997-01-05 fl Added write support, fixed local colour map bug
# 1997-02-23 fl Make sure to load raster data in getdata()
# 1997-07-05 fl Support external decoder (0.4)
# 1998-07-09 fl Handle all modes when saving (0.5)
# 1998-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
# 2001-04-16 fl Added rewind support (seek to frame 0) (0.6)
# 2001-04-17 fl Added palette optimization (0.7)
# 2002-06-06 fl Added transparency support for save (0.8)
# 2004-02-24 fl Disable interlacing for small images
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import itertools
import math
import os
import subprocess
from . import Image, ImageChops, ImageFile, ImagePalette, ImageSequence
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import o8
from ._binary import o16le as o16
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Identify/read GIF files
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:6] in [b"GIF87a", b"GIF89a"]
##
# Image plugin for GIF images. This plugin supports both GIF87 and
# GIF89 images.
class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "GIF"
format_description = "Compuserve GIF"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
global_palette = None
def data(self):
s = self.fp.read(1)
if s and s[0]:
return self.fp.read(s[0])
return None
def _open(self):
# Screen
s = self.fp.read(13)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not a GIF file")
self.info["version"] = s[:6]
self._size = i16(s, 6), i16(s, 8)
self.tile = []
flags = s[10]
bits = (flags & 7) + 1
if flags & 128:
# get global palette
self.info["background"] = s[11]
# check if palette contains colour indices
p = self.fp.read(3 << bits)
for i in range(0, len(p), 3):
if not (i // 3 == p[i] == p[i + 1] == p[i + 2]):
p = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", p)
self.global_palette = self.palette = p
break
self.__fp = self.fp # FIXME: hack
self.__rewind = self.fp.tell()
self._n_frames = None
self._is_animated = None
self._seek(0) # get ready to read first frame
@property
def n_frames(self):
if self._n_frames is None:
current = self.tell()
try:
while True:
self.seek(self.tell() + 1)
except EOFError:
self._n_frames = self.tell() + 1
self.seek(current)
return self._n_frames
@property
def is_animated(self):
if self._is_animated is None:
if self._n_frames is not None:
self._is_animated = self._n_frames != 1
else:
current = self.tell()
try:
self.seek(1)
self._is_animated = True
except EOFError:
self._is_animated = False
self.seek(current)
return self._is_animated
def seek(self, frame):
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
if frame < self.__frame:
if frame != 0:
self.im = None
self._seek(0)
last_frame = self.__frame
for f in range(self.__frame + 1, frame + 1):
try:
self._seek(f)
except EOFError as e:
self.seek(last_frame)
raise EOFError("no more images in GIF file") from e
def _seek(self, frame):
if frame == 0:
# rewind
self.__offset = 0
self.dispose = None
self.dispose_extent = [0, 0, 0, 0] # x0, y0, x1, y1
self.__frame = -1
self.__fp.seek(self.__rewind)
self.disposal_method = 0
else:
# ensure that the previous frame was loaded
if self.tile:
self.load()
if frame != self.__frame + 1:
raise ValueError(f"cannot seek to frame {frame}")
self.__frame = frame
self.tile = []
self.fp = self.__fp
if self.__offset:
# backup to last frame
self.fp.seek(self.__offset)
while self.data():
pass
self.__offset = 0
if self.dispose:
self.im.paste(self.dispose, self.dispose_extent)
from copy import copy
self.palette = copy(self.global_palette)
info = {}
frame_transparency = None
interlace = None
while True:
s = self.fp.read(1)
if not s or s == b";":
break
elif s == b"!":
#
# extensions
#
s = self.fp.read(1)
block = self.data()
if s[0] == 249:
#
# graphic control extension
#
flags = block[0]
if flags & 1:
frame_transparency = block[3]
info["duration"] = i16(block, 1) * 10
# disposal method - find the value of bits 4 - 6
dispose_bits = 0b00011100 & flags
dispose_bits = dispose_bits >> 2
if dispose_bits:
# only set the dispose if it is not
# unspecified. I'm not sure if this is
# correct, but it seems to prevent the last
# frame from looking odd for some animations
self.disposal_method = dispose_bits
elif s[0] == 254:
#
# comment extension
#
while block:
if "comment" in info:
info["comment"] += block
else:
info["comment"] = block
block = self.data()
continue
elif s[0] == 255:
#
# application extension
#
info["extension"] = block, self.fp.tell()
if block[:11] == b"NETSCAPE2.0":
block = self.data()
if len(block) >= 3 and block[0] == 1:
info["loop"] = i16(block, 1)
while self.data():
pass
elif s == b",":
#
# local image
#
s = self.fp.read(9)
# extent
x0, y0 = i16(s, 0), i16(s, 2)
x1, y1 = x0 + i16(s, 4), y0 + i16(s, 6)
if x1 > self.size[0] or y1 > self.size[1]:
self._size = max(x1, self.size[0]), max(y1, self.size[1])
self.dispose_extent = x0, y0, x1, y1
flags = s[8]
interlace = (flags & 64) != 0
if flags & 128:
bits = (flags & 7) + 1
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", self.fp.read(3 << bits))
# image data
bits = self.fp.read(1)[0]
self.__offset = self.fp.tell()
break
else:
pass
# raise OSError, "illegal GIF tag `%x`" % s[0]
try:
if self.disposal_method < 2:
# do not dispose or none specified
self.dispose = None
elif self.disposal_method == 2:
# replace with background colour
# only dispose the extent in this frame
x0, y0, x1, y1 = self.dispose_extent
dispose_size = (x1 - x0, y1 - y0)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(dispose_size)
# by convention, attempt to use transparency first
color = (
frame_transparency
if frame_transparency is not None
else self.info.get("background", 0)
)
self.dispose = Image.core.fill("P", dispose_size, color)
else:
# replace with previous contents
if self.im:
# only dispose the extent in this frame
self.dispose = self._crop(self.im, self.dispose_extent)
elif frame_transparency is not None:
x0, y0, x1, y1 = self.dispose_extent
dispose_size = (x1 - x0, y1 - y0)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(dispose_size)
self.dispose = Image.core.fill(
"P", dispose_size, frame_transparency
)
except AttributeError:
pass
if interlace is not None:
transparency = -1
if frame_transparency is not None:
if frame == 0:
self.info["transparency"] = frame_transparency
else:
transparency = frame_transparency
self.tile = [
(
"gif",
(x0, y0, x1, y1),
self.__offset,
(bits, interlace, transparency),
)
]
else:
# self.__fp = None
raise EOFError
for k in ["duration", "comment", "extension", "loop"]:
if k in info:
self.info[k] = info[k]
elif k in self.info:
del self.info[k]
self.mode = "L"
if self.palette:
self.mode = "P"
def load_prepare(self):
if not self.im and "transparency" in self.info:
self.im = Image.core.fill(self.mode, self.size, self.info["transparency"])
super(GifImageFile, self).load_prepare()
def tell(self):
return self.__frame
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write GIF files
RAWMODE = {"1": "L", "L": "L", "P": "P"}
def _normalize_mode(im, initial_call=False):
"""
Takes an image (or frame), returns an image in a mode that is appropriate
for saving in a Gif.
It may return the original image, or it may return an image converted to
palette or 'L' mode.
UNDONE: What is the point of mucking with the initial call palette, for
an image that shouldn't have a palette, or it would be a mode 'P' and
get returned in the RAWMODE clause.
:param im: Image object
:param initial_call: Default false, set to true for a single frame.
:returns: Image object
"""
if im.mode in RAWMODE:
im.load()
return im
if Image.getmodebase(im.mode) == "RGB":
if initial_call:
palette_size = 256
if im.palette:
palette_size = len(im.palette.getdata()[1]) // 3
return im.convert("P", palette=Image.ADAPTIVE, colors=palette_size)
else:
return im.convert("P")
return im.convert("L")
def _normalize_palette(im, palette, info):
"""
Normalizes the palette for image.
- Sets the palette to the incoming palette, if provided.
- Ensures that there's a palette for L mode images
- Optimizes the palette if necessary/desired.
:param im: Image object
:param palette: bytes object containing the source palette, or ....
:param info: encoderinfo
:returns: Image object
"""
source_palette = None
if palette:
# a bytes palette
if isinstance(palette, (bytes, bytearray, list)):
source_palette = bytearray(palette[:768])
if isinstance(palette, ImagePalette.ImagePalette):
source_palette = bytearray(
itertools.chain.from_iterable(
zip(
palette.palette[:256],
palette.palette[256:512],
palette.palette[512:768],
)
)
)
if im.mode == "P":
if not source_palette:
source_palette = im.im.getpalette("RGB")[:768]
else: # L-mode
if not source_palette:
source_palette = bytearray(i // 3 for i in range(768))
im.palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB", palette=source_palette)
used_palette_colors = _get_optimize(im, info)
if used_palette_colors is not None:
return im.remap_palette(used_palette_colors, source_palette)
im.palette.palette = source_palette
return im
def _write_single_frame(im, fp, palette):
im_out = _normalize_mode(im, True)
for k, v in im_out.info.items():
im.encoderinfo.setdefault(k, v)
im_out = _normalize_palette(im_out, palette, im.encoderinfo)
for s in _get_global_header(im_out, im.encoderinfo):
fp.write(s)
# local image header
flags = 0
if get_interlace(im):
flags = flags | 64
_write_local_header(fp, im, (0, 0), flags)
im_out.encoderconfig = (8, get_interlace(im))
ImageFile._save(im_out, fp, [("gif", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, RAWMODE[im_out.mode])])
fp.write(b"\0") # end of image data
def _write_multiple_frames(im, fp, palette):
duration = im.encoderinfo.get("duration", im.info.get("duration"))
disposal = im.encoderinfo.get("disposal", im.info.get("disposal"))
im_frames = []
frame_count = 0
background_im = None
for imSequence in itertools.chain([im], im.encoderinfo.get("append_images", [])):
for im_frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(imSequence):
# a copy is required here since seek can still mutate the image
im_frame = _normalize_mode(im_frame.copy())
if frame_count == 0:
for k, v in im_frame.info.items():
im.encoderinfo.setdefault(k, v)
im_frame = _normalize_palette(im_frame, palette, im.encoderinfo)
encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()
if isinstance(duration, (list, tuple)):
encoderinfo["duration"] = duration[frame_count]
if isinstance(disposal, (list, tuple)):
encoderinfo["disposal"] = disposal[frame_count]
frame_count += 1
if im_frames:
# delta frame
previous = im_frames[-1]
if encoderinfo.get("disposal") == 2:
if background_im is None:
color = im.encoderinfo.get(
"transparency", im.info.get("transparency", (0, 0, 0))
)
background = _get_background(im_frame, color)
background_im = Image.new("P", im_frame.size, background)
background_im.putpalette(im_frames[0]["im"].palette)
base_im = background_im
else:
base_im = previous["im"]
if _get_palette_bytes(im_frame) == _get_palette_bytes(base_im):
delta = ImageChops.subtract_modulo(im_frame, base_im)
else:
delta = ImageChops.subtract_modulo(
im_frame.convert("RGB"), base_im.convert("RGB")
)
bbox = delta.getbbox()
if not bbox:
# This frame is identical to the previous frame
if duration:
previous["encoderinfo"]["duration"] += encoderinfo["duration"]
continue
else:
bbox = None
im_frames.append({"im": im_frame, "bbox": bbox, "encoderinfo": encoderinfo})
if len(im_frames) > 1:
for frame_data in im_frames:
im_frame = frame_data["im"]
if not frame_data["bbox"]:
# global header
for s in _get_global_header(im_frame, frame_data["encoderinfo"]):
fp.write(s)
offset = (0, 0)
else:
# compress difference
frame_data["encoderinfo"]["include_color_table"] = True
im_frame = im_frame.crop(frame_data["bbox"])
offset = frame_data["bbox"][:2]
_write_frame_data(fp, im_frame, offset, frame_data["encoderinfo"])
return True
elif "duration" in im.encoderinfo and isinstance(
im.encoderinfo["duration"], (list, tuple)
):
# Since multiple frames will not be written, add together the frame durations
im.encoderinfo["duration"] = sum(im.encoderinfo["duration"])
def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
_save(im, fp, filename, save_all=True)
def _save(im, fp, filename, save_all=False):
# header
if "palette" in im.encoderinfo or "palette" in im.info:
palette = im.encoderinfo.get("palette", im.info.get("palette"))
else:
palette = None
im.encoderinfo["optimize"] = im.encoderinfo.get("optimize", True)
if not save_all or not _write_multiple_frames(im, fp, palette):
_write_single_frame(im, fp, palette)
fp.write(b";") # end of file
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
def get_interlace(im):
interlace = im.encoderinfo.get("interlace", 1)
# workaround for @PIL153
if min(im.size) < 16:
interlace = 0
return interlace
def _write_local_header(fp, im, offset, flags):
transparent_color_exists = False
try:
transparency = im.encoderinfo["transparency"]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
transparency = int(transparency)
# optimize the block away if transparent color is not used
transparent_color_exists = True
used_palette_colors = _get_optimize(im, im.encoderinfo)
if used_palette_colors is not None:
# adjust the transparency index after optimize
try:
transparency = used_palette_colors.index(transparency)
except ValueError:
transparent_color_exists = False
if "duration" in im.encoderinfo:
duration = int(im.encoderinfo["duration"] / 10)
else:
duration = 0
disposal = int(im.encoderinfo.get("disposal", 0))
if transparent_color_exists or duration != 0 or disposal:
packed_flag = 1 if transparent_color_exists else 0
packed_flag |= disposal << 2
if not transparent_color_exists:
transparency = 0
fp.write(
b"!"
+ o8(249) # extension intro
+ o8(4) # length
+ o8(packed_flag) # packed fields
+ o16(duration) # duration
+ o8(transparency) # transparency index
+ o8(0)
)
if "comment" in im.encoderinfo and 1 <= len(im.encoderinfo["comment"]):
fp.write(b"!" + o8(254)) # extension intro
comment = im.encoderinfo["comment"]
if isinstance(comment, str):
comment = comment.encode()
for i in range(0, len(comment), 255):
subblock = comment[i : i + 255]
fp.write(o8(len(subblock)) + subblock)
fp.write(o8(0))
if "loop" in im.encoderinfo:
number_of_loops = im.encoderinfo["loop"]
fp.write(
b"!"
+ o8(255) # extension intro
+ o8(11)
+ b"NETSCAPE2.0"
+ o8(3)
+ o8(1)
+ o16(number_of_loops) # number of loops
+ o8(0)
)
include_color_table = im.encoderinfo.get("include_color_table")
if include_color_table:
palette_bytes = _get_palette_bytes(im)
color_table_size = _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes)
if color_table_size:
flags = flags | 128 # local color table flag
flags = flags | color_table_size
fp.write(
b","
+ o16(offset[0]) # offset
+ o16(offset[1])
+ o16(im.size[0]) # size
+ o16(im.size[1])
+ o8(flags) # flags
)
if include_color_table and color_table_size:
fp.write(_get_header_palette(palette_bytes))
fp.write(o8(8)) # bits
def _save_netpbm(im, fp, filename):
# Unused by default.
# To use, uncomment the register_save call at the end of the file.
#
# If you need real GIF compression and/or RGB quantization, you
# can use the external NETPBM/PBMPLUS utilities. See comments
# below for information on how to enable this.
tempfile = im._dump()
try:
with open(filename, "wb") as f:
if im.mode != "RGB":
subprocess.check_call(
["ppmtogif", tempfile], stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL
)
else:
# Pipe ppmquant output into ppmtogif
# "ppmquant 256 %s | ppmtogif > %s" % (tempfile, filename)
quant_cmd = ["ppmquant", "256", tempfile]
togif_cmd = ["ppmtogif"]
quant_proc = subprocess.Popen(
quant_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL
)
togif_proc = subprocess.Popen(
togif_cmd,
stdin=quant_proc.stdout,
stdout=f,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
)
# Allow ppmquant to receive SIGPIPE if ppmtogif exits
quant_proc.stdout.close()
retcode = quant_proc.wait()
if retcode:
raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, quant_cmd)
retcode = togif_proc.wait()
if retcode:
raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, togif_cmd)
finally:
try:
os.unlink(tempfile)
except OSError:
pass
# Force optimization so that we can test performance against
# cases where it took lots of memory and time previously.
_FORCE_OPTIMIZE = False
def _get_optimize(im, info):
"""
Palette optimization is a potentially expensive operation.
This function determines if the palette should be optimized using
some heuristics, then returns the list of palette entries in use.
:param im: Image object
:param info: encoderinfo
:returns: list of indexes of palette entries in use, or None
"""
if im.mode in ("P", "L") and info and info.get("optimize", 0):
# Potentially expensive operation.
# The palette saves 3 bytes per color not used, but palette
# lengths are restricted to 3*(2**N) bytes. Max saving would
# be 768 -> 6 bytes if we went all the way down to 2 colors.
# * If we're over 128 colors, we can't save any space.
# * If there aren't any holes, it's not worth collapsing.
# * If we have a 'large' image, the palette is in the noise.
# create the new palette if not every color is used
optimise = _FORCE_OPTIMIZE or im.mode == "L"
if optimise or im.width * im.height < 512 * 512:
# check which colors are used
used_palette_colors = []
for i, count in enumerate(im.histogram()):
if count:
used_palette_colors.append(i)
if optimise or (
len(used_palette_colors) <= 128
and max(used_palette_colors) > len(used_palette_colors)
):
return used_palette_colors
def _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes):
# calculate the palette size for the header
if not palette_bytes:
return 0
elif len(palette_bytes) < 9:
return 1
else:
return math.ceil(math.log(len(palette_bytes) // 3, 2)) - 1
def _get_header_palette(palette_bytes):
"""
Returns the palette, null padded to the next power of 2 (*3) bytes
suitable for direct inclusion in the GIF header
:param palette_bytes: Unpadded palette bytes, in RGBRGB form
:returns: Null padded palette
"""
color_table_size = _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes)
# add the missing amount of bytes
# the palette has to be 2<<n in size
actual_target_size_diff = (2 << color_table_size) - len(palette_bytes) // 3
if actual_target_size_diff > 0:
palette_bytes += o8(0) * 3 * actual_target_size_diff
return palette_bytes
def _get_palette_bytes(im):
"""
Gets the palette for inclusion in the gif header
:param im: Image object
:returns: Bytes, len<=768 suitable for inclusion in gif header
"""
return im.palette.palette
def _get_background(im, infoBackground):
background = 0
if infoBackground:
background = infoBackground
if isinstance(background, tuple):
# WebPImagePlugin stores an RGBA value in info["background"]
# So it must be converted to the same format as GifImagePlugin's
# info["background"] - a global color table index
try:
background = im.palette.getcolor(background, im)
except ValueError as e:
if str(e) == "cannot allocate more than 256 colors":
# If all 256 colors are in use,
# then there is no need for the background color
return 0
else:
raise
return background
def _get_global_header(im, info):
"""Return a list of strings representing a GIF header"""
# Header Block
# http://www.matthewflickinger.com/lab/whatsinagif/bits_and_bytes.asp
version = b"87a"
for extensionKey in ["transparency", "duration", "loop", "comment"]:
if info and extensionKey in info:
if (extensionKey == "duration" and info[extensionKey] == 0) or (
extensionKey == "comment" and not (1 <= len(info[extensionKey]) <= 255)
):
continue
version = b"89a"
break
else:
if im.info.get("version") == b"89a":
version = b"89a"
background = _get_background(im, info.get("background"))
palette_bytes = _get_palette_bytes(im)
color_table_size = _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes)
return [
b"GIF" # signature
+ version # version
+ o16(im.size[0]) # canvas width
+ o16(im.size[1]), # canvas height
# Logical Screen Descriptor
# size of global color table + global color table flag
o8(color_table_size + 128), # packed fields
# background + reserved/aspect
o8(background) + o8(0),
# Global Color Table
_get_header_palette(palette_bytes),
]
def _write_frame_data(fp, im_frame, offset, params):
try:
im_frame.encoderinfo = params
# local image header
_write_local_header(fp, im_frame, offset, 0)
ImageFile._save(
im_frame, fp, [("gif", (0, 0) + im_frame.size, 0, RAWMODE[im_frame.mode])]
)
fp.write(b"\0") # end of image data
finally:
del im_frame.encoderinfo
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Legacy GIF utilities
def getheader(im, palette=None, info=None):
"""
Legacy Method to get Gif data from image.
Warning:: May modify image data.
:param im: Image object
:param palette: bytes object containing the source palette, or ....
:param info: encoderinfo
:returns: tuple of(list of header items, optimized palette)
"""
used_palette_colors = _get_optimize(im, info)
if info is None:
info = {}
if "background" not in info and "background" in im.info:
info["background"] = im.info["background"]
im_mod = _normalize_palette(im, palette, info)
im.palette = im_mod.palette
im.im = im_mod.im
header = _get_global_header(im, info)
return header, used_palette_colors
# To specify duration, add the time in milliseconds to getdata(),
# e.g. getdata(im_frame, duration=1000)
def getdata(im, offset=(0, 0), **params):
"""
Legacy Method
Return a list of strings representing this image.
The first string is a local image header, the rest contains
encoded image data.
:param im: Image object
:param offset: Tuple of (x, y) pixels. Defaults to (0,0)
:param \\**params: E.g. duration or other encoder info parameters
:returns: List of Bytes containing gif encoded frame data
"""
class Collector:
data = []
def write(self, data):
self.data.append(data)
im.load() # make sure raster data is available
fp = Collector()
_write_frame_data(fp, im, offset, params)
return fp.data
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(GifImageFile.format, GifImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(GifImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_save_all(GifImageFile.format, _save_all)
Image.register_extension(GifImageFile.format, ".gif")
Image.register_mime(GifImageFile.format, "image/gif")
#
# Uncomment the following line if you wish to use NETPBM/PBMPLUS
# instead of the built-in "uncompressed" GIF encoder
# Image.register_save(GifImageFile.format, _save_netpbm)

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.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
#
# Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# stuff to read (and render) GIMP gradient files
#
# History:
# 97-08-23 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
Stuff to translate curve segments to palette values (derived from
the corresponding code in GIMP, written by Federico Mena Quintero.
See the GIMP distribution for more information.)
"""
from math import log, pi, sin, sqrt
from ._binary import o8
EPSILON = 1e-10
"""""" # Enable auto-doc for data member
def linear(middle, pos):
if pos <= middle:
if middle < EPSILON:
return 0.0
else:
return 0.5 * pos / middle
else:
pos = pos - middle
middle = 1.0 - middle
if middle < EPSILON:
return 1.0
else:
return 0.5 + 0.5 * pos / middle
def curved(middle, pos):
return pos ** (log(0.5) / log(max(middle, EPSILON)))
def sine(middle, pos):
return (sin((-pi / 2.0) + pi * linear(middle, pos)) + 1.0) / 2.0
def sphere_increasing(middle, pos):
return sqrt(1.0 - (linear(middle, pos) - 1.0) ** 2)
def sphere_decreasing(middle, pos):
return 1.0 - sqrt(1.0 - linear(middle, pos) ** 2)
SEGMENTS = [linear, curved, sine, sphere_increasing, sphere_decreasing]
"""""" # Enable auto-doc for data member
class GradientFile:
gradient = None
def getpalette(self, entries=256):
palette = []
ix = 0
x0, x1, xm, rgb0, rgb1, segment = self.gradient[ix]
for i in range(entries):
x = i / (entries - 1)
while x1 < x:
ix += 1
x0, x1, xm, rgb0, rgb1, segment = self.gradient[ix]
w = x1 - x0
if w < EPSILON:
scale = segment(0.5, 0.5)
else:
scale = segment((xm - x0) / w, (x - x0) / w)
# expand to RGBA
r = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[0] - rgb0[0]) * scale + rgb0[0]) + 0.5))
g = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[1] - rgb0[1]) * scale + rgb0[1]) + 0.5))
b = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[2] - rgb0[2]) * scale + rgb0[2]) + 0.5))
a = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[3] - rgb0[3]) * scale + rgb0[3]) + 0.5))
# add to palette
palette.append(r + g + b + a)
return b"".join(palette), "RGBA"
class GimpGradientFile(GradientFile):
"""File handler for GIMP's gradient format."""
def __init__(self, fp):
if fp.readline()[:13] != b"GIMP Gradient":
raise SyntaxError("not a GIMP gradient file")
line = fp.readline()
# GIMP 1.2 gradient files don't contain a name, but GIMP 1.3 files do
if line.startswith(b"Name: "):
line = fp.readline().strip()
count = int(line)
gradient = []
for i in range(count):
s = fp.readline().split()
w = [float(x) for x in s[:11]]
x0, x1 = w[0], w[2]
xm = w[1]
rgb0 = w[3:7]
rgb1 = w[7:11]
segment = SEGMENTS[int(s[11])]
cspace = int(s[12])
if cspace != 0:
raise OSError("cannot handle HSV colour space")
gradient.append((x0, x1, xm, rgb0, rgb1, segment))
self.gradient = gradient

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#
# Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# stuff to read GIMP palette files
#
# History:
# 1997-08-23 fl Created
# 2004-09-07 fl Support GIMP 2.0 palette files.
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-2004. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997-2004.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import re
from ._binary import o8
class GimpPaletteFile:
"""File handler for GIMP's palette format."""
rawmode = "RGB"
def __init__(self, fp):
self.palette = [o8(i) * 3 for i in range(256)]
if fp.readline()[:12] != b"GIMP Palette":
raise SyntaxError("not a GIMP palette file")
for i in range(256):
s = fp.readline()
if not s:
break
# skip fields and comment lines
if re.match(br"\w+:|#", s):
continue
if len(s) > 100:
raise SyntaxError("bad palette file")
v = tuple(map(int, s.split()[:3]))
if len(v) != 3:
raise ValueError("bad palette entry")
self.palette[i] = o8(v[0]) + o8(v[1]) + o8(v[2])
self.palette = b"".join(self.palette)
def getpalette(self):
return self.palette, self.rawmode

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# GRIB stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 1996-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler):
"""
Install application-specific GRIB image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[0:4] == b"GRIB" and prefix[7] == 1
class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "GRIB"
format_description = "GRIB"
def _open(self):
offset = self.fp.tell()
if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):
raise SyntaxError("Not a GRIB file")
self.fp.seek(offset)
# make something up
self.mode = "F"
self._size = 1, 1
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self):
return _handler
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if _handler is None or not hasattr("_handler", "save"):
raise OSError("GRIB save handler not installed")
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(GribStubImageFile.format, GribStubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(GribStubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(GribStubImageFile.format, ".grib")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# HDF5 stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 2000-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler):
"""
Install application-specific HDF5 image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:8] == b"\x89HDF\r\n\x1a\n"
class HDF5StubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "HDF5"
format_description = "HDF5"
def _open(self):
offset = self.fp.tell()
if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):
raise SyntaxError("Not an HDF file")
self.fp.seek(offset)
# make something up
self.mode = "F"
self._size = 1, 1
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self):
return _handler
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if _handler is None or not hasattr("_handler", "save"):
raise OSError("HDF5 save handler not installed")
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(HDF5StubImageFile.format, HDF5StubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(HDF5StubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(HDF5StubImageFile.format, [".h5", ".hdf"])

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# macOS icns file decoder, based on icns.py by Bob Ippolito.
#
# history:
# 2004-10-09 fl Turned into a PIL plugin; removed 2.3 dependencies.
# 2020-04-04 Allow saving on all operating systems.
#
# Copyright (c) 2004 by Bob Ippolito.
# Copyright (c) 2004 by Secret Labs.
# Copyright (c) 2004 by Fredrik Lundh.
# Copyright (c) 2014 by Alastair Houghton.
# Copyright (c) 2020 by Pan Jing.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
import os
import struct
import sys
from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin, features
enable_jpeg2k = features.check_codec("jpg_2000")
if enable_jpeg2k:
from PIL import Jpeg2KImagePlugin
MAGIC = b"icns"
HEADERSIZE = 8
def nextheader(fobj):
return struct.unpack(">4sI", fobj.read(HEADERSIZE))
def read_32t(fobj, start_length, size):
# The 128x128 icon seems to have an extra header for some reason.
(start, length) = start_length
fobj.seek(start)
sig = fobj.read(4)
if sig != b"\x00\x00\x00\x00":
raise SyntaxError("Unknown signature, expecting 0x00000000")
return read_32(fobj, (start + 4, length - 4), size)
def read_32(fobj, start_length, size):
"""
Read a 32bit RGB icon resource. Seems to be either uncompressed or
an RLE packbits-like scheme.
"""
(start, length) = start_length
fobj.seek(start)
pixel_size = (size[0] * size[2], size[1] * size[2])
sizesq = pixel_size[0] * pixel_size[1]
if length == sizesq * 3:
# uncompressed ("RGBRGBGB")
indata = fobj.read(length)
im = Image.frombuffer("RGB", pixel_size, indata, "raw", "RGB", 0, 1)
else:
# decode image
im = Image.new("RGB", pixel_size, None)
for band_ix in range(3):
data = []
bytesleft = sizesq
while bytesleft > 0:
byte = fobj.read(1)
if not byte:
break
byte = byte[0]
if byte & 0x80:
blocksize = byte - 125
byte = fobj.read(1)
for i in range(blocksize):
data.append(byte)
else:
blocksize = byte + 1
data.append(fobj.read(blocksize))
bytesleft -= blocksize
if bytesleft <= 0:
break
if bytesleft != 0:
raise SyntaxError(f"Error reading channel [{repr(bytesleft)} left]")
band = Image.frombuffer("L", pixel_size, b"".join(data), "raw", "L", 0, 1)
im.im.putband(band.im, band_ix)
return {"RGB": im}
def read_mk(fobj, start_length, size):
# Alpha masks seem to be uncompressed
start = start_length[0]
fobj.seek(start)
pixel_size = (size[0] * size[2], size[1] * size[2])
sizesq = pixel_size[0] * pixel_size[1]
band = Image.frombuffer("L", pixel_size, fobj.read(sizesq), "raw", "L", 0, 1)
return {"A": band}
def read_png_or_jpeg2000(fobj, start_length, size):
(start, length) = start_length
fobj.seek(start)
sig = fobj.read(12)
if sig[:8] == b"\x89PNG\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a":
fobj.seek(start)
im = PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(fobj)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(im.size)
return {"RGBA": im}
elif (
sig[:4] == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51"
or sig[:4] == b"\x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
or sig == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
):
if not enable_jpeg2k:
raise ValueError(
"Unsupported icon subimage format (rebuild PIL "
"with JPEG 2000 support to fix this)"
)
# j2k, jpc or j2c
fobj.seek(start)
jp2kstream = fobj.read(length)
f = io.BytesIO(jp2kstream)
im = Jpeg2KImagePlugin.Jpeg2KImageFile(f)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(im.size)
if im.mode != "RGBA":
im = im.convert("RGBA")
return {"RGBA": im}
else:
raise ValueError("Unsupported icon subimage format")
class IcnsFile:
SIZES = {
(512, 512, 2): [(b"ic10", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(512, 512, 1): [(b"ic09", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(256, 256, 2): [(b"ic14", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(256, 256, 1): [(b"ic08", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(128, 128, 2): [(b"ic13", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(128, 128, 1): [
(b"ic07", read_png_or_jpeg2000),
(b"it32", read_32t),
(b"t8mk", read_mk),
],
(64, 64, 1): [(b"icp6", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(32, 32, 2): [(b"ic12", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(48, 48, 1): [(b"ih32", read_32), (b"h8mk", read_mk)],
(32, 32, 1): [
(b"icp5", read_png_or_jpeg2000),
(b"il32", read_32),
(b"l8mk", read_mk),
],
(16, 16, 2): [(b"ic11", read_png_or_jpeg2000)],
(16, 16, 1): [
(b"icp4", read_png_or_jpeg2000),
(b"is32", read_32),
(b"s8mk", read_mk),
],
}
def __init__(self, fobj):
"""
fobj is a file-like object as an icns resource
"""
# signature : (start, length)
self.dct = dct = {}
self.fobj = fobj
sig, filesize = nextheader(fobj)
if sig != MAGIC:
raise SyntaxError("not an icns file")
i = HEADERSIZE
while i < filesize:
sig, blocksize = nextheader(fobj)
if blocksize <= 0:
raise SyntaxError("invalid block header")
i += HEADERSIZE
blocksize -= HEADERSIZE
dct[sig] = (i, blocksize)
fobj.seek(blocksize, io.SEEK_CUR)
i += blocksize
def itersizes(self):
sizes = []
for size, fmts in self.SIZES.items():
for (fmt, reader) in fmts:
if fmt in self.dct:
sizes.append(size)
break
return sizes
def bestsize(self):
sizes = self.itersizes()
if not sizes:
raise SyntaxError("No 32bit icon resources found")
return max(sizes)
def dataforsize(self, size):
"""
Get an icon resource as {channel: array}. Note that
the arrays are bottom-up like windows bitmaps and will likely
need to be flipped or transposed in some way.
"""
dct = {}
for code, reader in self.SIZES[size]:
desc = self.dct.get(code)
if desc is not None:
dct.update(reader(self.fobj, desc, size))
return dct
def getimage(self, size=None):
if size is None:
size = self.bestsize()
if len(size) == 2:
size = (size[0], size[1], 1)
channels = self.dataforsize(size)
im = channels.get("RGBA", None)
if im:
return im
im = channels.get("RGB").copy()
try:
im.putalpha(channels["A"])
except KeyError:
pass
return im
##
# Image plugin for Mac OS icons.
class IcnsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
"""
PIL image support for Mac OS .icns files.
Chooses the best resolution, but will possibly load
a different size image if you mutate the size attribute
before calling 'load'.
The info dictionary has a key 'sizes' that is a list
of sizes that the icns file has.
"""
format = "ICNS"
format_description = "Mac OS icns resource"
def _open(self):
self.icns = IcnsFile(self.fp)
self.mode = "RGBA"
self.info["sizes"] = self.icns.itersizes()
self.best_size = self.icns.bestsize()
self.size = (
self.best_size[0] * self.best_size[2],
self.best_size[1] * self.best_size[2],
)
@property
def size(self):
return self._size
@size.setter
def size(self, value):
info_size = value
if info_size not in self.info["sizes"] and len(info_size) == 2:
info_size = (info_size[0], info_size[1], 1)
if (
info_size not in self.info["sizes"]
and len(info_size) == 3
and info_size[2] == 1
):
simple_sizes = [
(size[0] * size[2], size[1] * size[2]) for size in self.info["sizes"]
]
if value in simple_sizes:
info_size = self.info["sizes"][simple_sizes.index(value)]
if info_size not in self.info["sizes"]:
raise ValueError("This is not one of the allowed sizes of this image")
self._size = value
def load(self):
if len(self.size) == 3:
self.best_size = self.size
self.size = (
self.best_size[0] * self.best_size[2],
self.best_size[1] * self.best_size[2],
)
Image.Image.load(self)
if self.im and self.im.size == self.size:
# Already loaded
return
self.load_prepare()
# This is likely NOT the best way to do it, but whatever.
im = self.icns.getimage(self.best_size)
# If this is a PNG or JPEG 2000, it won't be loaded yet
im.load()
self.im = im.im
self.mode = im.mode
self.size = im.size
self.load_end()
def _save(im, fp, filename):
"""
Saves the image as a series of PNG files,
that are then combined into a .icns file.
"""
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
sizes = {
b"ic07": 128,
b"ic08": 256,
b"ic09": 512,
b"ic10": 1024,
b"ic11": 32,
b"ic12": 64,
b"ic13": 256,
b"ic14": 512,
}
provided_images = {im.width: im for im in im.encoderinfo.get("append_images", [])}
size_streams = {}
for size in set(sizes.values()):
image = (
provided_images[size]
if size in provided_images
else im.resize((size, size))
)
temp = io.BytesIO()
image.save(temp, "png")
size_streams[size] = temp.getvalue()
entries = []
for type, size in sizes.items():
stream = size_streams[size]
entries.append({"type": type, "size": len(stream), "stream": stream})
# Header
fp.write(MAGIC)
fp.write(struct.pack(">i", sum(entry["size"] for entry in entries)))
# TOC
fp.write(b"TOC ")
fp.write(struct.pack(">i", HEADERSIZE + len(entries) * HEADERSIZE))
for entry in entries:
fp.write(entry["type"])
fp.write(struct.pack(">i", HEADERSIZE + entry["size"]))
# Data
for entry in entries:
fp.write(entry["type"])
fp.write(struct.pack(">i", HEADERSIZE + entry["size"]))
fp.write(entry["stream"])
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == MAGIC
Image.register_open(IcnsImageFile.format, IcnsImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(IcnsImageFile.format, ".icns")
Image.register_save(IcnsImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_mime(IcnsImageFile.format, "image/icns")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print("Syntax: python3 IcnsImagePlugin.py [file]")
sys.exit()
with open(sys.argv[1], "rb") as fp:
imf = IcnsImageFile(fp)
for size in imf.info["sizes"]:
imf.size = size
imf.save("out-%s-%s-%s.png" % size)
with Image.open(sys.argv[1]) as im:
im.save("out.png")
if sys.platform == "windows":
os.startfile("out.png")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# Windows Icon support for PIL
#
# History:
# 96-05-27 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
# This plugin is a refactored version of Win32IconImagePlugin by Bryan Davis
# <casadebender@gmail.com>.
# https://code.google.com/archive/p/casadebender/wikis/Win32IconImagePlugin.wiki
#
# Icon format references:
# * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(file_format)
# * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms997538.aspx
import struct
import warnings
from io import BytesIO
from math import ceil, log
from . import BmpImagePlugin, Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import i32le as i32
from ._binary import o32le as o32
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
_MAGIC = b"\0\0\1\0"
def _save(im, fp, filename):
fp.write(_MAGIC) # (2+2)
sizes = im.encoderinfo.get(
"sizes",
[(16, 16), (24, 24), (32, 32), (48, 48), (64, 64), (128, 128), (256, 256)],
)
width, height = im.size
sizes = filter(
lambda x: False
if (x[0] > width or x[1] > height or x[0] > 256 or x[1] > 256)
else True,
sizes,
)
sizes = list(sizes)
fp.write(struct.pack("<H", len(sizes))) # idCount(2)
offset = fp.tell() + len(sizes) * 16
bmp = im.encoderinfo.get("bitmap_format") == "bmp"
provided_images = {im.size: im for im in im.encoderinfo.get("append_images", [])}
for size in sizes:
width, height = size
# 0 means 256
fp.write(struct.pack("B", width if width < 256 else 0)) # bWidth(1)
fp.write(struct.pack("B", height if height < 256 else 0)) # bHeight(1)
fp.write(b"\0") # bColorCount(1)
fp.write(b"\0") # bReserved(1)
fp.write(b"\0\0") # wPlanes(2)
tmp = provided_images.get(size)
if not tmp:
# TODO: invent a more convenient method for proportional scalings
tmp = im.copy()
tmp.thumbnail(size, Image.LANCZOS, reducing_gap=None)
bits = BmpImagePlugin.SAVE[tmp.mode][1] if bmp else 32
fp.write(struct.pack("<H", bits)) # wBitCount(2)
image_io = BytesIO()
if bmp:
tmp.save(image_io, "dib")
if bits != 32:
and_mask = Image.new("1", tmp.size)
ImageFile._save(
and_mask, image_io, [("raw", (0, 0) + tmp.size, 0, ("1", 0, -1))]
)
else:
tmp.save(image_io, "png")
image_io.seek(0)
image_bytes = image_io.read()
if bmp:
image_bytes = image_bytes[:8] + o32(height * 2) + image_bytes[12:]
bytes_len = len(image_bytes)
fp.write(struct.pack("<I", bytes_len)) # dwBytesInRes(4)
fp.write(struct.pack("<I", offset)) # dwImageOffset(4)
current = fp.tell()
fp.seek(offset)
fp.write(image_bytes)
offset = offset + bytes_len
fp.seek(current)
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == _MAGIC
class IcoFile:
def __init__(self, buf):
"""
Parse image from file-like object containing ico file data
"""
# check magic
s = buf.read(6)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not an ICO file")
self.buf = buf
self.entry = []
# Number of items in file
self.nb_items = i16(s, 4)
# Get headers for each item
for i in range(self.nb_items):
s = buf.read(16)
icon_header = {
"width": s[0],
"height": s[1],
"nb_color": s[2], # No. of colors in image (0 if >=8bpp)
"reserved": s[3],
"planes": i16(s, 4),
"bpp": i16(s, 6),
"size": i32(s, 8),
"offset": i32(s, 12),
}
# See Wikipedia
for j in ("width", "height"):
if not icon_header[j]:
icon_header[j] = 256
# See Wikipedia notes about color depth.
# We need this just to differ images with equal sizes
icon_header["color_depth"] = (
icon_header["bpp"]
or (
icon_header["nb_color"] != 0
and ceil(log(icon_header["nb_color"], 2))
)
or 256
)
icon_header["dim"] = (icon_header["width"], icon_header["height"])
icon_header["square"] = icon_header["width"] * icon_header["height"]
self.entry.append(icon_header)
self.entry = sorted(self.entry, key=lambda x: x["color_depth"])
# ICO images are usually squares
# self.entry = sorted(self.entry, key=lambda x: x['width'])
self.entry = sorted(self.entry, key=lambda x: x["square"])
self.entry.reverse()
def sizes(self):
"""
Get a list of all available icon sizes and color depths.
"""
return {(h["width"], h["height"]) for h in self.entry}
def getentryindex(self, size, bpp=False):
for (i, h) in enumerate(self.entry):
if size == h["dim"] and (bpp is False or bpp == h["color_depth"]):
return i
return 0
def getimage(self, size, bpp=False):
"""
Get an image from the icon
"""
return self.frame(self.getentryindex(size, bpp))
def frame(self, idx):
"""
Get an image from frame idx
"""
header = self.entry[idx]
self.buf.seek(header["offset"])
data = self.buf.read(8)
self.buf.seek(header["offset"])
if data[:8] == PngImagePlugin._MAGIC:
# png frame
im = PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(self.buf)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(im.size)
else:
# XOR + AND mask bmp frame
im = BmpImagePlugin.DibImageFile(self.buf)
Image._decompression_bomb_check(im.size)
# change tile dimension to only encompass XOR image
im._size = (im.size[0], int(im.size[1] / 2))
d, e, o, a = im.tile[0]
im.tile[0] = d, (0, 0) + im.size, o, a
# figure out where AND mask image starts
bpp = header["bpp"]
if 32 == bpp:
# 32-bit color depth icon image allows semitransparent areas
# PIL's DIB format ignores transparency bits, recover them.
# The DIB is packed in BGRX byte order where X is the alpha
# channel.
# Back up to start of bmp data
self.buf.seek(o)
# extract every 4th byte (eg. 3,7,11,15,...)
alpha_bytes = self.buf.read(im.size[0] * im.size[1] * 4)[3::4]
# convert to an 8bpp grayscale image
mask = Image.frombuffer(
"L", # 8bpp
im.size, # (w, h)
alpha_bytes, # source chars
"raw", # raw decoder
("L", 0, -1), # 8bpp inverted, unpadded, reversed
)
else:
# get AND image from end of bitmap
w = im.size[0]
if (w % 32) > 0:
# bitmap row data is aligned to word boundaries
w += 32 - (im.size[0] % 32)
# the total mask data is
# padded row size * height / bits per char
and_mask_offset = o + int(im.size[0] * im.size[1] * (bpp / 8.0))
total_bytes = int((w * im.size[1]) / 8)
self.buf.seek(and_mask_offset)
mask_data = self.buf.read(total_bytes)
# convert raw data to image
mask = Image.frombuffer(
"1", # 1 bpp
im.size, # (w, h)
mask_data, # source chars
"raw", # raw decoder
("1;I", int(w / 8), -1), # 1bpp inverted, padded, reversed
)
# now we have two images, im is XOR image and mask is AND image
# apply mask image as alpha channel
im = im.convert("RGBA")
im.putalpha(mask)
return im
##
# Image plugin for Windows Icon files.
class IcoImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
"""
PIL read-only image support for Microsoft Windows .ico files.
By default the largest resolution image in the file will be loaded. This
can be changed by altering the 'size' attribute before calling 'load'.
The info dictionary has a key 'sizes' that is a list of the sizes available
in the icon file.
Handles classic, XP and Vista icon formats.
When saving, PNG compression is used. Support for this was only added in
Windows Vista. If you are unable to view the icon in Windows, convert the
image to "RGBA" mode before saving.
This plugin is a refactored version of Win32IconImagePlugin by Bryan Davis
<casadebender@gmail.com>.
https://code.google.com/archive/p/casadebender/wikis/Win32IconImagePlugin.wiki
"""
format = "ICO"
format_description = "Windows Icon"
def _open(self):
self.ico = IcoFile(self.fp)
self.info["sizes"] = self.ico.sizes()
self.size = self.ico.entry[0]["dim"]
self.load()
@property
def size(self):
return self._size
@size.setter
def size(self, value):
if value not in self.info["sizes"]:
raise ValueError("This is not one of the allowed sizes of this image")
self._size = value
def load(self):
if self.im and self.im.size == self.size:
# Already loaded
return
im = self.ico.getimage(self.size)
# if tile is PNG, it won't really be loaded yet
im.load()
self.im = im.im
self.mode = im.mode
if im.size != self.size:
warnings.warn("Image was not the expected size")
index = self.ico.getentryindex(self.size)
sizes = list(self.info["sizes"])
sizes[index] = im.size
self.info["sizes"] = set(sizes)
self.size = im.size
def load_seek(self):
# Flag the ImageFile.Parser so that it
# just does all the decode at the end.
pass
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(IcoImageFile.format, IcoImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(IcoImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(IcoImageFile.format, ".ico")
Image.register_mime(IcoImageFile.format, "image/x-icon")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# IFUNC IM file handling for PIL
#
# history:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created.
# 1997-01-03 fl Save palette images
# 1997-01-08 fl Added sequence support
# 1997-01-23 fl Added P and RGB save support
# 1997-05-31 fl Read floating point images
# 1997-06-22 fl Save floating point images
# 1997-08-27 fl Read and save 1-bit images
# 1998-06-25 fl Added support for RGB+LUT images
# 1998-07-02 fl Added support for YCC images
# 1998-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
# 1998-12-29 fl Added I;16 support
# 2001-02-17 fl Use 're' instead of 'regex' (Python 2.1) (0.7)
# 2003-09-26 fl Added LA/PA support
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-2001 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import os
import re
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Standard tags
COMMENT = "Comment"
DATE = "Date"
EQUIPMENT = "Digitalization equipment"
FRAMES = "File size (no of images)"
LUT = "Lut"
NAME = "Name"
SCALE = "Scale (x,y)"
SIZE = "Image size (x*y)"
MODE = "Image type"
TAGS = {
COMMENT: 0,
DATE: 0,
EQUIPMENT: 0,
FRAMES: 0,
LUT: 0,
NAME: 0,
SCALE: 0,
SIZE: 0,
MODE: 0,
}
OPEN = {
# ifunc93/p3cfunc formats
"0 1 image": ("1", "1"),
"L 1 image": ("1", "1"),
"Greyscale image": ("L", "L"),
"Grayscale image": ("L", "L"),
"RGB image": ("RGB", "RGB;L"),
"RLB image": ("RGB", "RLB"),
"RYB image": ("RGB", "RLB"),
"B1 image": ("1", "1"),
"B2 image": ("P", "P;2"),
"B4 image": ("P", "P;4"),
"X 24 image": ("RGB", "RGB"),
"L 32 S image": ("I", "I;32"),
"L 32 F image": ("F", "F;32"),
# old p3cfunc formats
"RGB3 image": ("RGB", "RGB;T"),
"RYB3 image": ("RGB", "RYB;T"),
# extensions
"LA image": ("LA", "LA;L"),
"PA image": ("LA", "PA;L"),
"RGBA image": ("RGBA", "RGBA;L"),
"RGBX image": ("RGBX", "RGBX;L"),
"CMYK image": ("CMYK", "CMYK;L"),
"YCC image": ("YCbCr", "YCbCr;L"),
}
# ifunc95 extensions
for i in ["8", "8S", "16", "16S", "32", "32F"]:
OPEN[f"L {i} image"] = ("F", f"F;{i}")
OPEN[f"L*{i} image"] = ("F", f"F;{i}")
for i in ["16", "16L", "16B"]:
OPEN[f"L {i} image"] = (f"I;{i}", f"I;{i}")
OPEN[f"L*{i} image"] = (f"I;{i}", f"I;{i}")
for i in ["32S"]:
OPEN[f"L {i} image"] = ("I", f"I;{i}")
OPEN[f"L*{i} image"] = ("I", f"I;{i}")
for i in range(2, 33):
OPEN[f"L*{i} image"] = ("F", f"F;{i}")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Read IM directory
split = re.compile(br"^([A-Za-z][^:]*):[ \t]*(.*)[ \t]*$")
def number(s):
try:
return int(s)
except ValueError:
return float(s)
##
# Image plugin for the IFUNC IM file format.
class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "IM"
format_description = "IFUNC Image Memory"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
# Quick rejection: if there's not an LF among the first
# 100 bytes, this is (probably) not a text header.
if b"\n" not in self.fp.read(100):
raise SyntaxError("not an IM file")
self.fp.seek(0)
n = 0
# Default values
self.info[MODE] = "L"
self.info[SIZE] = (512, 512)
self.info[FRAMES] = 1
self.rawmode = "L"
while True:
s = self.fp.read(1)
# Some versions of IFUNC uses \n\r instead of \r\n...
if s == b"\r":
continue
if not s or s == b"\0" or s == b"\x1A":
break
# FIXME: this may read whole file if not a text file
s = s + self.fp.readline()
if len(s) > 100:
raise SyntaxError("not an IM file")
if s[-2:] == b"\r\n":
s = s[:-2]
elif s[-1:] == b"\n":
s = s[:-1]
try:
m = split.match(s)
except re.error as e:
raise SyntaxError("not an IM file") from e
if m:
k, v = m.group(1, 2)
# Don't know if this is the correct encoding,
# but a decent guess (I guess)
k = k.decode("latin-1", "replace")
v = v.decode("latin-1", "replace")
# Convert value as appropriate
if k in [FRAMES, SCALE, SIZE]:
v = v.replace("*", ",")
v = tuple(map(number, v.split(",")))
if len(v) == 1:
v = v[0]
elif k == MODE and v in OPEN:
v, self.rawmode = OPEN[v]
# Add to dictionary. Note that COMMENT tags are
# combined into a list of strings.
if k == COMMENT:
if k in self.info:
self.info[k].append(v)
else:
self.info[k] = [v]
else:
self.info[k] = v
if k in TAGS:
n += 1
else:
raise SyntaxError(
"Syntax error in IM header: " + s.decode("ascii", "replace")
)
if not n:
raise SyntaxError("Not an IM file")
# Basic attributes
self._size = self.info[SIZE]
self.mode = self.info[MODE]
# Skip forward to start of image data
while s and s[0:1] != b"\x1A":
s = self.fp.read(1)
if not s:
raise SyntaxError("File truncated")
if LUT in self.info:
# convert lookup table to palette or lut attribute
palette = self.fp.read(768)
greyscale = 1 # greyscale palette
linear = 1 # linear greyscale palette
for i in range(256):
if palette[i] == palette[i + 256] == palette[i + 512]:
if palette[i] != i:
linear = 0
else:
greyscale = 0
if self.mode in ["L", "LA", "P", "PA"]:
if greyscale:
if not linear:
self.lut = list(palette[:256])
else:
if self.mode in ["L", "P"]:
self.mode = self.rawmode = "P"
elif self.mode in ["LA", "PA"]:
self.mode = "PA"
self.rawmode = "PA;L"
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", palette)
elif self.mode == "RGB":
if not greyscale or not linear:
self.lut = list(palette)
self.frame = 0
self.__offset = offs = self.fp.tell()
self.__fp = self.fp # FIXME: hack
if self.rawmode[:2] == "F;":
# ifunc95 formats
try:
# use bit decoder (if necessary)
bits = int(self.rawmode[2:])
if bits not in [8, 16, 32]:
self.tile = [("bit", (0, 0) + self.size, offs, (bits, 8, 3, 0, -1))]
return
except ValueError:
pass
if self.rawmode in ["RGB;T", "RYB;T"]:
# Old LabEye/3PC files. Would be very surprised if anyone
# ever stumbled upon such a file ;-)
size = self.size[0] * self.size[1]
self.tile = [
("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offs, ("G", 0, -1)),
("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offs + size, ("R", 0, -1)),
("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offs + 2 * size, ("B", 0, -1)),
]
else:
# LabEye/IFUNC files
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offs, (self.rawmode, 0, -1))]
@property
def n_frames(self):
return self.info[FRAMES]
@property
def is_animated(self):
return self.info[FRAMES] > 1
def seek(self, frame):
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
self.frame = frame
if self.mode == "1":
bits = 1
else:
bits = 8 * len(self.mode)
size = ((self.size[0] * bits + 7) // 8) * self.size[1]
offs = self.__offset + frame * size
self.fp = self.__fp
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offs, (self.rawmode, 0, -1))]
def tell(self):
return self.frame
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Save IM files
SAVE = {
# mode: (im type, raw mode)
"1": ("0 1", "1"),
"L": ("Greyscale", "L"),
"LA": ("LA", "LA;L"),
"P": ("Greyscale", "P"),
"PA": ("LA", "PA;L"),
"I": ("L 32S", "I;32S"),
"I;16": ("L 16", "I;16"),
"I;16L": ("L 16L", "I;16L"),
"I;16B": ("L 16B", "I;16B"),
"F": ("L 32F", "F;32F"),
"RGB": ("RGB", "RGB;L"),
"RGBA": ("RGBA", "RGBA;L"),
"RGBX": ("RGBX", "RGBX;L"),
"CMYK": ("CMYK", "CMYK;L"),
"YCbCr": ("YCC", "YCbCr;L"),
}
def _save(im, fp, filename):
try:
image_type, rawmode = SAVE[im.mode]
except KeyError as e:
raise ValueError(f"Cannot save {im.mode} images as IM") from e
frames = im.encoderinfo.get("frames", 1)
fp.write(f"Image type: {image_type} image\r\n".encode("ascii"))
if filename:
# Each line must be 100 characters or less,
# or: SyntaxError("not an IM file")
# 8 characters are used for "Name: " and "\r\n"
# Keep just the filename, ditch the potentially overlong path
name, ext = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))
name = "".join([name[: 92 - len(ext)], ext])
fp.write(f"Name: {name}\r\n".encode("ascii"))
fp.write(("Image size (x*y): %d*%d\r\n" % im.size).encode("ascii"))
fp.write(f"File size (no of images): {frames}\r\n".encode("ascii"))
if im.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
fp.write(b"Lut: 1\r\n")
fp.write(b"\000" * (511 - fp.tell()) + b"\032")
if im.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
fp.write(im.im.getpalette("RGB", "RGB;L")) # 768 bytes
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (rawmode, 0, -1))])
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(ImImageFile.format, ImImageFile)
Image.register_save(ImImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(ImImageFile.format, ".im")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# standard channel operations
#
# History:
# 1996-03-24 fl Created
# 1996-08-13 fl Added logical operations (for "1" images)
# 2000-10-12 fl Added offset method (from Image.py)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2000 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-2000 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image
def constant(image, value):
"""Fill a channel with a given grey level.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.new("L", image.size, value)
def duplicate(image):
"""Copy a channel. Alias for :py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.copy`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return image.copy()
def invert(image):
"""
Invert an image (channel).
.. code-block:: python
out = MAX - image
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image.load()
return image._new(image.im.chop_invert())
def lighter(image1, image2):
"""
Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the lighter values.
.. code-block:: python
out = max(image1, image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_lighter(image2.im))
def darker(image1, image2):
"""
Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the darker values.
.. code-block:: python
out = min(image1, image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_darker(image2.im))
def difference(image1, image2):
"""
Returns the absolute value of the pixel-by-pixel difference between the two
images.
.. code-block:: python
out = abs(image1 - image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_difference(image2.im))
def multiply(image1, image2):
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other.
If you multiply an image with a solid black image, the result is black. If
you multiply with a solid white image, the image is unaffected.
.. code-block:: python
out = image1 * image2 / MAX
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_multiply(image2.im))
def screen(image1, image2):
"""
Superimposes two inverted images on top of each other.
.. code-block:: python
out = MAX - ((MAX - image1) * (MAX - image2) / MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_screen(image2.im))
def soft_light(image1, image2):
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other using the Soft Light algorithm
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_soft_light(image2.im))
def hard_light(image1, image2):
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other using the Hard Light algorithm
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_hard_light(image2.im))
def overlay(image1, image2):
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other using the Overlay algorithm
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_overlay(image2.im))
def add(image1, image2, scale=1.0, offset=0):
"""
Adds two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 + image2) / scale + offset)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_add(image2.im, scale, offset))
def subtract(image1, image2, scale=1.0, offset=0):
"""
Subtracts two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the offset.
If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 - image2) / scale + offset)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_subtract(image2.im, scale, offset))
def add_modulo(image1, image2):
"""Add two images, without clipping the result.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 + image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_add_modulo(image2.im))
def subtract_modulo(image1, image2):
"""Subtract two images, without clipping the result.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 - image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_subtract_modulo(image2.im))
def logical_and(image1, image2):
"""Logical AND between two images.
Both of the images must have mode "1". If you would like to perform a
logical AND on an image with a mode other than "1", try
:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageChops.multiply` instead, using a black-and-white mask
as the second image.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 and image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_and(image2.im))
def logical_or(image1, image2):
"""Logical OR between two images.
Both of the images must have mode "1".
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 or image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_or(image2.im))
def logical_xor(image1, image2):
"""Logical XOR between two images.
Both of the images must have mode "1".
.. code-block:: python
out = ((bool(image1) != bool(image2)) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_xor(image2.im))
def blend(image1, image2, alpha):
"""Blend images using constant transparency weight. Alias for
:py:func:`PIL.Image.blend`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.blend(image1, image2, alpha)
def composite(image1, image2, mask):
"""Create composite using transparency mask. Alias for
:py:func:`PIL.Image.composite`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.composite(image1, image2, mask)
def offset(image, xoffset, yoffset=None):
"""Returns a copy of the image where data has been offset by the given
distances. Data wraps around the edges. If ``yoffset`` is omitted, it
is assumed to be equal to ``xoffset``.
:param xoffset: The horizontal distance.
:param yoffset: The vertical distance. If omitted, both
distances are set to the same value.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
if yoffset is None:
yoffset = xoffset
image.load()
return image._new(image.im.offset(xoffset, yoffset))

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# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
# Optional color management support, based on Kevin Cazabon's PyCMS
# library.
# History:
# 2009-03-08 fl Added to PIL.
# Copyright (C) 2002-2003 Kevin Cazabon
# Copyright (c) 2009 by Fredrik Lundh
# Copyright (c) 2013 by Eric Soroos
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution. See
# below for the original description.
import sys
from PIL import Image
try:
from PIL import _imagingcms
except ImportError as ex:
# Allow error import for doc purposes, but error out when accessing
# anything in core.
from ._util import deferred_error
_imagingcms = deferred_error(ex)
DESCRIPTION = """
pyCMS
a Python / PIL interface to the littleCMS ICC Color Management System
Copyright (C) 2002-2003 Kevin Cazabon
kevin@cazabon.com
http://www.cazabon.com
pyCMS home page: http://www.cazabon.com/pyCMS
littleCMS home page: http://www.littlecms.com
(littleCMS is Copyright (C) 1998-2001 Marti Maria)
Originally released under LGPL. Graciously donated to PIL in
March 2009, for distribution under the standard PIL license
The pyCMS.py module provides a "clean" interface between Python/PIL and
pyCMSdll, taking care of some of the more complex handling of the direct
pyCMSdll functions, as well as error-checking and making sure that all
relevant data is kept together.
While it is possible to call pyCMSdll functions directly, it's not highly
recommended.
Version History:
1.0.0 pil Oct 2013 Port to LCMS 2.
0.1.0 pil mod March 10, 2009
Renamed display profile to proof profile. The proof
profile is the profile of the device that is being
simulated, not the profile of the device which is
actually used to display/print the final simulation
(that'd be the output profile) - also see LCMSAPI.txt
input colorspace -> using 'renderingIntent' -> proof
colorspace -> using 'proofRenderingIntent' -> output
colorspace
Added LCMS FLAGS support.
Added FLAGS["SOFTPROOFING"] as default flag for
buildProofTransform (otherwise the proof profile/intent
would be ignored).
0.1.0 pil March 2009 - added to PIL, as PIL.ImageCms
0.0.2 alpha Jan 6, 2002
Added try/except statements around type() checks of
potential CObjects... Python won't let you use type()
on them, and raises a TypeError (stupid, if you ask
me!)
Added buildProofTransformFromOpenProfiles() function.
Additional fixes in DLL, see DLL code for details.
0.0.1 alpha first public release, Dec. 26, 2002
Known to-do list with current version (of Python interface, not pyCMSdll):
none
"""
VERSION = "1.0.0 pil"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
core = _imagingcms
#
# intent/direction values
INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0
INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
INTENT_SATURATION = 2
INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
DIRECTION_INPUT = 0
DIRECTION_OUTPUT = 1
DIRECTION_PROOF = 2
#
# flags
FLAGS = {
"MATRIXINPUT": 1,
"MATRIXOUTPUT": 2,
"MATRIXONLY": (1 | 2),
"NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP": 4, # Don't hot fix scum dot
# Don't create prelinearization tables on precalculated transforms
# (internal use):
"NOPRELINEARIZATION": 16,
"GUESSDEVICECLASS": 32, # Guess device class (for transform2devicelink)
"NOTCACHE": 64, # Inhibit 1-pixel cache
"NOTPRECALC": 256,
"NULLTRANSFORM": 512, # Don't transform anyway
"HIGHRESPRECALC": 1024, # Use more memory to give better accuracy
"LOWRESPRECALC": 2048, # Use less memory to minimize resources
"WHITEBLACKCOMPENSATION": 8192,
"BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION": 8192,
"GAMUTCHECK": 4096, # Out of Gamut alarm
"SOFTPROOFING": 16384, # Do softproofing
"PRESERVEBLACK": 32768, # Black preservation
"NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF": 16777216, # CRD special
"GRIDPOINTS": lambda n: ((n) & 0xFF) << 16, # Gridpoints
}
_MAX_FLAG = 0
for flag in FLAGS.values():
if isinstance(flag, int):
_MAX_FLAG = _MAX_FLAG | flag
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
# Experimental PIL-level API
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
##
# Profile.
class ImageCmsProfile:
def __init__(self, profile):
"""
:param profile: Either a string representing a filename,
a file like object containing a profile or a
low-level profile object
"""
if isinstance(profile, str):
if sys.platform == "win32":
profile_bytes_path = profile.encode()
try:
profile_bytes_path.decode("ascii")
except UnicodeDecodeError:
with open(profile, "rb") as f:
self._set(core.profile_frombytes(f.read()))
return
self._set(core.profile_open(profile), profile)
elif hasattr(profile, "read"):
self._set(core.profile_frombytes(profile.read()))
elif isinstance(profile, _imagingcms.CmsProfile):
self._set(profile)
else:
raise TypeError("Invalid type for Profile")
def _set(self, profile, filename=None):
self.profile = profile
self.filename = filename
if profile:
self.product_name = None # profile.product_name
self.product_info = None # profile.product_info
else:
self.product_name = None
self.product_info = None
def tobytes(self):
"""
Returns the profile in a format suitable for embedding in
saved images.
:returns: a bytes object containing the ICC profile.
"""
return core.profile_tobytes(self.profile)
class ImageCmsTransform(Image.ImagePointHandler):
"""
Transform. This can be used with the procedural API, or with the standard
:py:func:`~PIL.Image.Image.point` method.
Will return the output profile in the ``output.info['icc_profile']``.
"""
def __init__(
self,
input,
output,
input_mode,
output_mode,
intent=INTENT_PERCEPTUAL,
proof=None,
proof_intent=INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC,
flags=0,
):
if proof is None:
self.transform = core.buildTransform(
input.profile, output.profile, input_mode, output_mode, intent, flags
)
else:
self.transform = core.buildProofTransform(
input.profile,
output.profile,
proof.profile,
input_mode,
output_mode,
intent,
proof_intent,
flags,
)
# Note: inputMode and outputMode are for pyCMS compatibility only
self.input_mode = self.inputMode = input_mode
self.output_mode = self.outputMode = output_mode
self.output_profile = output
def point(self, im):
return self.apply(im)
def apply(self, im, imOut=None):
im.load()
if imOut is None:
imOut = Image.new(self.output_mode, im.size, None)
self.transform.apply(im.im.id, imOut.im.id)
imOut.info["icc_profile"] = self.output_profile.tobytes()
return imOut
def apply_in_place(self, im):
im.load()
if im.mode != self.output_mode:
raise ValueError("mode mismatch") # wrong output mode
self.transform.apply(im.im.id, im.im.id)
im.info["icc_profile"] = self.output_profile.tobytes()
return im
def get_display_profile(handle=None):
"""
(experimental) Fetches the profile for the current display device.
:returns: ``None`` if the profile is not known.
"""
if sys.platform != "win32":
return None
from PIL import ImageWin
if isinstance(handle, ImageWin.HDC):
profile = core.get_display_profile_win32(handle, 1)
else:
profile = core.get_display_profile_win32(handle or 0)
if profile is None:
return None
return ImageCmsProfile(profile)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
# pyCMS compatible layer
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
class PyCMSError(Exception):
"""(pyCMS) Exception class.
This is used for all errors in the pyCMS API."""
pass
def profileToProfile(
im,
inputProfile,
outputProfile,
renderingIntent=INTENT_PERCEPTUAL,
outputMode=None,
inPlace=False,
flags=0,
):
"""
(pyCMS) Applies an ICC transformation to a given image, mapping from
``inputProfile`` to ``outputProfile``.
If the input or output profiles specified are not valid filenames, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised. If ``inPlace`` is ``True`` and
``outputMode != im.mode``, a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
If an error occurs during application of the profiles,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
If ``outputMode`` is not a mode supported by the ``outputProfile`` (or by pyCMS),
a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
This function applies an ICC transformation to im from ``inputProfile``'s
color space to ``outputProfile``'s color space using the specified rendering
intent to decide how to handle out-of-gamut colors.
``outputMode`` can be used to specify that a color mode conversion is to
be done using these profiles, but the specified profiles must be able
to handle that mode. I.e., if converting im from RGB to CMYK using
profiles, the input profile must handle RGB data, and the output
profile must handle CMYK data.
:param im: An open :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object (i.e. Image.new(...)
or Image.open(...), etc.)
:param inputProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC input
profile you wish to use for this image, or a profile object
:param outputProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC output
profile you wish to use for this image, or a profile object
:param renderingIntent: Integer (0-3) specifying the rendering intent you
wish to use for the transform
ImageCms.INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0 (DEFAULT)
ImageCms.INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
ImageCms.INTENT_SATURATION = 2
ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
see the pyCMS documentation for details on rendering intents and what
they do.
:param outputMode: A valid PIL mode for the output image (i.e. "RGB",
"CMYK", etc.). Note: if rendering the image "inPlace", outputMode
MUST be the same mode as the input, or omitted completely. If
omitted, the outputMode will be the same as the mode of the input
image (im.mode)
:param inPlace: Boolean. If ``True``, the original image is modified in-place,
and ``None`` is returned. If ``False`` (default), a new
:py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object is returned with the transform applied.
:param flags: Integer (0-...) specifying additional flags
:returns: Either None or a new :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object, depending on
the value of ``inPlace``
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
if outputMode is None:
outputMode = im.mode
if not isinstance(renderingIntent, int) or not (0 <= renderingIntent <= 3):
raise PyCMSError("renderingIntent must be an integer between 0 and 3")
if not isinstance(flags, int) or not (0 <= flags <= _MAX_FLAG):
raise PyCMSError("flags must be an integer between 0 and %s" + _MAX_FLAG)
try:
if not isinstance(inputProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
inputProfile = ImageCmsProfile(inputProfile)
if not isinstance(outputProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
outputProfile = ImageCmsProfile(outputProfile)
transform = ImageCmsTransform(
inputProfile,
outputProfile,
im.mode,
outputMode,
renderingIntent,
flags=flags,
)
if inPlace:
transform.apply_in_place(im)
imOut = None
else:
imOut = transform.apply(im)
except (OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
return imOut
def getOpenProfile(profileFilename):
"""
(pyCMS) Opens an ICC profile file.
The PyCMSProfile object can be passed back into pyCMS for use in creating
transforms and such (as in ImageCms.buildTransformFromOpenProfiles()).
If ``profileFilename`` is not a valid filename for an ICC profile,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
:param profileFilename: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC profile
you wish to open, or a file-like object.
:returns: A CmsProfile class object.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
return ImageCmsProfile(profileFilename)
except (OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def buildTransform(
inputProfile,
outputProfile,
inMode,
outMode,
renderingIntent=INTENT_PERCEPTUAL,
flags=0,
):
"""
(pyCMS) Builds an ICC transform mapping from the ``inputProfile`` to the
``outputProfile``. Use applyTransform to apply the transform to a given
image.
If the input or output profiles specified are not valid filenames, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised. If an error occurs during creation
of the transform, a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
If ``inMode`` or ``outMode`` are not a mode supported by the ``outputProfile``
(or by pyCMS), a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
This function builds and returns an ICC transform from the ``inputProfile``
to the ``outputProfile`` using the ``renderingIntent`` to determine what to do
with out-of-gamut colors. It will ONLY work for converting images that
are in ``inMode`` to images that are in ``outMode`` color format (PIL mode,
i.e. "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", etc.).
Building the transform is a fair part of the overhead in
ImageCms.profileToProfile(), so if you're planning on converting multiple
images using the same input/output settings, this can save you time.
Once you have a transform object, it can be used with
ImageCms.applyProfile() to convert images without the need to re-compute
the lookup table for the transform.
The reason pyCMS returns a class object rather than a handle directly
to the transform is that it needs to keep track of the PIL input/output
modes that the transform is meant for. These attributes are stored in
the ``inMode`` and ``outMode`` attributes of the object (which can be
manually overridden if you really want to, but I don't know of any
time that would be of use, or would even work).
:param inputProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC input
profile you wish to use for this transform, or a profile object
:param outputProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC output
profile you wish to use for this transform, or a profile object
:param inMode: String, as a valid PIL mode that the appropriate profile
also supports (i.e. "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", etc.)
:param outMode: String, as a valid PIL mode that the appropriate profile
also supports (i.e. "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", etc.)
:param renderingIntent: Integer (0-3) specifying the rendering intent you
wish to use for the transform
ImageCms.INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0 (DEFAULT)
ImageCms.INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
ImageCms.INTENT_SATURATION = 2
ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
see the pyCMS documentation for details on rendering intents and what
they do.
:param flags: Integer (0-...) specifying additional flags
:returns: A CmsTransform class object.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
if not isinstance(renderingIntent, int) or not (0 <= renderingIntent <= 3):
raise PyCMSError("renderingIntent must be an integer between 0 and 3")
if not isinstance(flags, int) or not (0 <= flags <= _MAX_FLAG):
raise PyCMSError("flags must be an integer between 0 and %s" + _MAX_FLAG)
try:
if not isinstance(inputProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
inputProfile = ImageCmsProfile(inputProfile)
if not isinstance(outputProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
outputProfile = ImageCmsProfile(outputProfile)
return ImageCmsTransform(
inputProfile, outputProfile, inMode, outMode, renderingIntent, flags=flags
)
except (OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def buildProofTransform(
inputProfile,
outputProfile,
proofProfile,
inMode,
outMode,
renderingIntent=INTENT_PERCEPTUAL,
proofRenderingIntent=INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC,
flags=FLAGS["SOFTPROOFING"],
):
"""
(pyCMS) Builds an ICC transform mapping from the ``inputProfile`` to the
``outputProfile``, but tries to simulate the result that would be
obtained on the ``proofProfile`` device.
If the input, output, or proof profiles specified are not valid
filenames, a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
If an error occurs during creation of the transform,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
If ``inMode`` or ``outMode`` are not a mode supported by the ``outputProfile``
(or by pyCMS), a :exc:`PyCMSError` will be raised.
This function builds and returns an ICC transform from the ``inputProfile``
to the ``outputProfile``, but tries to simulate the result that would be
obtained on the ``proofProfile`` device using ``renderingIntent`` and
``proofRenderingIntent`` to determine what to do with out-of-gamut
colors. This is known as "soft-proofing". It will ONLY work for
converting images that are in ``inMode`` to images that are in outMode
color format (PIL mode, i.e. "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", etc.).
Usage of the resulting transform object is exactly the same as with
ImageCms.buildTransform().
Proof profiling is generally used when using an output device to get a
good idea of what the final printed/displayed image would look like on
the ``proofProfile`` device when it's quicker and easier to use the
output device for judging color. Generally, this means that the
output device is a monitor, or a dye-sub printer (etc.), and the simulated
device is something more expensive, complicated, or time consuming
(making it difficult to make a real print for color judgement purposes).
Soft-proofing basically functions by adjusting the colors on the
output device to match the colors of the device being simulated. However,
when the simulated device has a much wider gamut than the output
device, you may obtain marginal results.
:param inputProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC input
profile you wish to use for this transform, or a profile object
:param outputProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC output
(monitor, usually) profile you wish to use for this transform, or a
profile object
:param proofProfile: String, as a valid filename path to the ICC proof
profile you wish to use for this transform, or a profile object
:param inMode: String, as a valid PIL mode that the appropriate profile
also supports (i.e. "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", etc.)
:param outMode: String, as a valid PIL mode that the appropriate profile
also supports (i.e. "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", etc.)
:param renderingIntent: Integer (0-3) specifying the rendering intent you
wish to use for the input->proof (simulated) transform
ImageCms.INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0 (DEFAULT)
ImageCms.INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
ImageCms.INTENT_SATURATION = 2
ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
see the pyCMS documentation for details on rendering intents and what
they do.
:param proofRenderingIntent: Integer (0-3) specifying the rendering intent
you wish to use for proof->output transform
ImageCms.INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0 (DEFAULT)
ImageCms.INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
ImageCms.INTENT_SATURATION = 2
ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
see the pyCMS documentation for details on rendering intents and what
they do.
:param flags: Integer (0-...) specifying additional flags
:returns: A CmsTransform class object.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
if not isinstance(renderingIntent, int) or not (0 <= renderingIntent <= 3):
raise PyCMSError("renderingIntent must be an integer between 0 and 3")
if not isinstance(flags, int) or not (0 <= flags <= _MAX_FLAG):
raise PyCMSError("flags must be an integer between 0 and %s" + _MAX_FLAG)
try:
if not isinstance(inputProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
inputProfile = ImageCmsProfile(inputProfile)
if not isinstance(outputProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
outputProfile = ImageCmsProfile(outputProfile)
if not isinstance(proofProfile, ImageCmsProfile):
proofProfile = ImageCmsProfile(proofProfile)
return ImageCmsTransform(
inputProfile,
outputProfile,
inMode,
outMode,
renderingIntent,
proofProfile,
proofRenderingIntent,
flags,
)
except (OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
buildTransformFromOpenProfiles = buildTransform
buildProofTransformFromOpenProfiles = buildProofTransform
def applyTransform(im, transform, inPlace=False):
"""
(pyCMS) Applies a transform to a given image.
If ``im.mode != transform.inMode``, a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If ``inPlace`` is ``True`` and ``transform.inMode != transform.outMode``, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If ``im.mode``, ``transform.inMode`` or ``transform.outMode`` is not
supported by pyCMSdll or the profiles you used for the transform, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while the transform is being applied,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
This function applies a pre-calculated transform (from
ImageCms.buildTransform() or ImageCms.buildTransformFromOpenProfiles())
to an image. The transform can be used for multiple images, saving
considerable calculation time if doing the same conversion multiple times.
If you want to modify im in-place instead of receiving a new image as
the return value, set ``inPlace`` to ``True``. This can only be done if
``transform.inMode`` and ``transform.outMode`` are the same, because we can't
change the mode in-place (the buffer sizes for some modes are
different). The default behavior is to return a new :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
object of the same dimensions in mode ``transform.outMode``.
:param im: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object, and im.mode must be the same
as the ``inMode`` supported by the transform.
:param transform: A valid CmsTransform class object
:param inPlace: Bool. If ``True``, ``im`` is modified in place and ``None`` is
returned, if ``False``, a new :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object with the
transform applied is returned (and ``im`` is not changed). The default is
``False``.
:returns: Either ``None``, or a new :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object,
depending on the value of ``inPlace``. The profile will be returned in
the image's ``info['icc_profile']``.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
if inPlace:
transform.apply_in_place(im)
imOut = None
else:
imOut = transform.apply(im)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
return imOut
def createProfile(colorSpace, colorTemp=-1):
"""
(pyCMS) Creates a profile.
If colorSpace not in ``["LAB", "XYZ", "sRGB"]``,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If using LAB and ``colorTemp`` is not a positive integer,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while creating the profile,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to create common profiles on-the-fly instead of
having to supply a profile on disk and knowing the path to it. It
returns a normal CmsProfile object that can be passed to
ImageCms.buildTransformFromOpenProfiles() to create a transform to apply
to images.
:param colorSpace: String, the color space of the profile you wish to
create.
Currently only "LAB", "XYZ", and "sRGB" are supported.
:param colorTemp: Positive integer for the white point for the profile, in
degrees Kelvin (i.e. 5000, 6500, 9600, etc.). The default is for D50
illuminant if omitted (5000k). colorTemp is ONLY applied to LAB
profiles, and is ignored for XYZ and sRGB.
:returns: A CmsProfile class object
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
if colorSpace not in ["LAB", "XYZ", "sRGB"]:
raise PyCMSError(
f"Color space not supported for on-the-fly profile creation ({colorSpace})"
)
if colorSpace == "LAB":
try:
colorTemp = float(colorTemp)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
raise PyCMSError(
f'Color temperature must be numeric, "{colorTemp}" not valid'
) from e
try:
return core.createProfile(colorSpace, colorTemp)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getProfileName(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the internal product name for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised If an error occurs while trying
to obtain the name tag, a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to obtain the INTERNAL name of the profile (stored
in an ICC tag in the profile itself), usually the one used when the
profile was originally created. Sometimes this tag also contains
additional information supplied by the creator.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: A string containing the internal name of the profile as stored
in an ICC tag.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
# do it in python, not c.
# // name was "%s - %s" (model, manufacturer) || Description ,
# // but if the Model and Manufacturer were the same or the model
# // was long, Just the model, in 1.x
model = profile.profile.model
manufacturer = profile.profile.manufacturer
if not (model or manufacturer):
return (profile.profile.profile_description or "") + "\n"
if not manufacturer or len(model) > 30:
return model + "\n"
return f"{model} - {manufacturer}\n"
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getProfileInfo(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the internal product information for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while trying to obtain the info tag,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
info tag. This often contains details about the profile, and how it
was created, as supplied by the creator.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: A string containing the internal profile information stored in
an ICC tag.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
# Python, not C. the white point bits weren't working well,
# so skipping.
# info was description \r\n\r\n copyright \r\n\r\n K007 tag \r\n\r\n whitepoint
description = profile.profile.profile_description
cpright = profile.profile.copyright
arr = []
for elt in (description, cpright):
if elt:
arr.append(elt)
return "\r\n\r\n".join(arr) + "\r\n\r\n"
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getProfileCopyright(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the copyright for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while trying to obtain the copyright tag,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
copyright tag.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: A string containing the internal profile information stored in
an ICC tag.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return (profile.profile.copyright or "") + "\n"
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getProfileManufacturer(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the manufacturer for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while trying to obtain the manufacturer tag, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
manufacturer tag.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: A string containing the internal profile information stored in
an ICC tag.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return (profile.profile.manufacturer or "") + "\n"
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getProfileModel(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the model for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while trying to obtain the model tag,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
model tag.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: A string containing the internal profile information stored in
an ICC tag.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return (profile.profile.model or "") + "\n"
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getProfileDescription(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the description for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while trying to obtain the description tag,
a :exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
description tag.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: A string containing the internal profile information stored in an
ICC tag.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return (profile.profile.profile_description or "") + "\n"
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def getDefaultIntent(profile):
"""
(pyCMS) Gets the default intent name for the given profile.
If ``profile`` isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
If an error occurs while trying to obtain the default intent, a
:exc:`PyCMSError` is raised.
Use this function to determine the default (and usually best optimized)
rendering intent for this profile. Most profiles support multiple
rendering intents, but are intended mostly for one type of conversion.
If you wish to use a different intent than returned, use
ImageCms.isIntentSupported() to verify it will work first.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:returns: Integer 0-3 specifying the default rendering intent for this
profile.
ImageCms.INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0 (DEFAULT)
ImageCms.INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
ImageCms.INTENT_SATURATION = 2
ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
see the pyCMS documentation for details on rendering intents and what
they do.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return profile.profile.rendering_intent
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def isIntentSupported(profile, intent, direction):
"""
(pyCMS) Checks if a given intent is supported.
Use this function to verify that you can use your desired
``intent`` with ``profile``, and that ``profile`` can be used for the
input/output/proof profile as you desire.
Some profiles are created specifically for one "direction", can cannot
be used for others. Some profiles can only be used for certain
rendering intents, so it's best to either verify this before trying
to create a transform with them (using this function), or catch the
potential :exc:`PyCMSError` that will occur if they don't
support the modes you select.
:param profile: EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the
filename of an ICC profile.
:param intent: Integer (0-3) specifying the rendering intent you wish to
use with this profile
ImageCms.INTENT_PERCEPTUAL = 0 (DEFAULT)
ImageCms.INTENT_RELATIVE_COLORIMETRIC = 1
ImageCms.INTENT_SATURATION = 2
ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC = 3
see the pyCMS documentation for details on rendering intents and what
they do.
:param direction: Integer specifying if the profile is to be used for
input, output, or proof
INPUT = 0 (or use ImageCms.DIRECTION_INPUT)
OUTPUT = 1 (or use ImageCms.DIRECTION_OUTPUT)
PROOF = 2 (or use ImageCms.DIRECTION_PROOF)
:returns: 1 if the intent/direction are supported, -1 if they are not.
:exception PyCMSError:
"""
try:
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
# FIXME: I get different results for the same data w. different
# compilers. Bug in LittleCMS or in the binding?
if profile.profile.is_intent_supported(intent, direction):
return 1
else:
return -1
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v) from v
def versions():
"""
(pyCMS) Fetches versions.
"""
return (VERSION, core.littlecms_version, sys.version.split()[0], Image.__version__)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# map CSS3-style colour description strings to RGB
#
# History:
# 2002-10-24 fl Added support for CSS-style color strings
# 2002-12-15 fl Added RGBA support
# 2004-03-27 fl Fixed remaining int() problems for Python 1.5.2
# 2004-07-19 fl Fixed gray/grey spelling issues
# 2009-03-05 fl Fixed rounding error in grayscale calculation
#
# Copyright (c) 2002-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2002-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import re
from . import Image
def getrgb(color):
"""
Convert a color string to an RGB or RGBA tuple. If the string cannot be
parsed, this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError` exception.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:param color: A color string
:return: ``(red, green, blue[, alpha])``
"""
color = color.lower()
rgb = colormap.get(color, None)
if rgb:
if isinstance(rgb, tuple):
return rgb
colormap[color] = rgb = getrgb(rgb)
return rgb
# check for known string formats
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{3}$", color):
return (int(color[1] * 2, 16), int(color[2] * 2, 16), int(color[3] * 2, 16))
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{4}$", color):
return (
int(color[1] * 2, 16),
int(color[2] * 2, 16),
int(color[3] * 2, 16),
int(color[4] * 2, 16),
)
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{6}$", color):
return (int(color[1:3], 16), int(color[3:5], 16), int(color[5:7], 16))
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{8}$", color):
return (
int(color[1:3], 16),
int(color[3:5], 16),
int(color[5:7], 16),
int(color[7:9], 16),
)
m = re.match(r"rgb\(\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)$", color)
if m:
return (int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)))
m = re.match(r"rgb\(\s*(\d+)%\s*,\s*(\d+)%\s*,\s*(\d+)%\s*\)$", color)
if m:
return (
int((int(m.group(1)) * 255) / 100.0 + 0.5),
int((int(m.group(2)) * 255) / 100.0 + 0.5),
int((int(m.group(3)) * 255) / 100.0 + 0.5),
)
m = re.match(
r"hsl\(\s*(\d+\.?\d*)\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*\)$", color
)
if m:
from colorsys import hls_to_rgb
rgb = hls_to_rgb(
float(m.group(1)) / 360.0,
float(m.group(3)) / 100.0,
float(m.group(2)) / 100.0,
)
return (
int(rgb[0] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb[1] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb[2] * 255 + 0.5),
)
m = re.match(
r"hs[bv]\(\s*(\d+\.?\d*)\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*\)$", color
)
if m:
from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb
rgb = hsv_to_rgb(
float(m.group(1)) / 360.0,
float(m.group(2)) / 100.0,
float(m.group(3)) / 100.0,
)
return (
int(rgb[0] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb[1] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb[2] * 255 + 0.5),
)
m = re.match(r"rgba\(\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)$", color)
if m:
return (int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)), int(m.group(4)))
raise ValueError(f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}")
def getcolor(color, mode):
"""
Same as :py:func:`~PIL.ImageColor.getrgb`, but converts the RGB value to a
greyscale value if the mode is not color or a palette image. If the string
cannot be parsed, this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError` exception.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:param color: A color string
:return: ``(graylevel [, alpha]) or (red, green, blue[, alpha])``
"""
# same as getrgb, but converts the result to the given mode
color, alpha = getrgb(color), 255
if len(color) == 4:
color, alpha = color[0:3], color[3]
if Image.getmodebase(mode) == "L":
r, g, b = color
# ITU-R Recommendation 601-2 for nonlinear RGB
# scaled to 24 bits to match the convert's implementation.
color = (r * 19595 + g * 38470 + b * 7471 + 0x8000) >> 16
if mode[-1] == "A":
return (color, alpha)
else:
if mode[-1] == "A":
return color + (alpha,)
return color
colormap = {
# X11 colour table from https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/, with
# gray/grey spelling issues fixed. This is a superset of HTML 4.0
# colour names used in CSS 1.
"aliceblue": "#f0f8ff",
"antiquewhite": "#faebd7",
"aqua": "#00ffff",
"aquamarine": "#7fffd4",
"azure": "#f0ffff",
"beige": "#f5f5dc",
"bisque": "#ffe4c4",
"black": "#000000",
"blanchedalmond": "#ffebcd",
"blue": "#0000ff",
"blueviolet": "#8a2be2",
"brown": "#a52a2a",
"burlywood": "#deb887",
"cadetblue": "#5f9ea0",
"chartreuse": "#7fff00",
"chocolate": "#d2691e",
"coral": "#ff7f50",
"cornflowerblue": "#6495ed",
"cornsilk": "#fff8dc",
"crimson": "#dc143c",
"cyan": "#00ffff",
"darkblue": "#00008b",
"darkcyan": "#008b8b",
"darkgoldenrod": "#b8860b",
"darkgray": "#a9a9a9",
"darkgrey": "#a9a9a9",
"darkgreen": "#006400",
"darkkhaki": "#bdb76b",
"darkmagenta": "#8b008b",
"darkolivegreen": "#556b2f",
"darkorange": "#ff8c00",
"darkorchid": "#9932cc",
"darkred": "#8b0000",
"darksalmon": "#e9967a",
"darkseagreen": "#8fbc8f",
"darkslateblue": "#483d8b",
"darkslategray": "#2f4f4f",
"darkslategrey": "#2f4f4f",
"darkturquoise": "#00ced1",
"darkviolet": "#9400d3",
"deeppink": "#ff1493",
"deepskyblue": "#00bfff",
"dimgray": "#696969",
"dimgrey": "#696969",
"dodgerblue": "#1e90ff",
"firebrick": "#b22222",
"floralwhite": "#fffaf0",
"forestgreen": "#228b22",
"fuchsia": "#ff00ff",
"gainsboro": "#dcdcdc",
"ghostwhite": "#f8f8ff",
"gold": "#ffd700",
"goldenrod": "#daa520",
"gray": "#808080",
"grey": "#808080",
"green": "#008000",
"greenyellow": "#adff2f",
"honeydew": "#f0fff0",
"hotpink": "#ff69b4",
"indianred": "#cd5c5c",
"indigo": "#4b0082",
"ivory": "#fffff0",
"khaki": "#f0e68c",
"lavender": "#e6e6fa",
"lavenderblush": "#fff0f5",
"lawngreen": "#7cfc00",
"lemonchiffon": "#fffacd",
"lightblue": "#add8e6",
"lightcoral": "#f08080",
"lightcyan": "#e0ffff",
"lightgoldenrodyellow": "#fafad2",
"lightgreen": "#90ee90",
"lightgray": "#d3d3d3",
"lightgrey": "#d3d3d3",
"lightpink": "#ffb6c1",
"lightsalmon": "#ffa07a",
"lightseagreen": "#20b2aa",
"lightskyblue": "#87cefa",
"lightslategray": "#778899",
"lightslategrey": "#778899",
"lightsteelblue": "#b0c4de",
"lightyellow": "#ffffe0",
"lime": "#00ff00",
"limegreen": "#32cd32",
"linen": "#faf0e6",
"magenta": "#ff00ff",
"maroon": "#800000",
"mediumaquamarine": "#66cdaa",
"mediumblue": "#0000cd",
"mediumorchid": "#ba55d3",
"mediumpurple": "#9370db",
"mediumseagreen": "#3cb371",
"mediumslateblue": "#7b68ee",
"mediumspringgreen": "#00fa9a",
"mediumturquoise": "#48d1cc",
"mediumvioletred": "#c71585",
"midnightblue": "#191970",
"mintcream": "#f5fffa",
"mistyrose": "#ffe4e1",
"moccasin": "#ffe4b5",
"navajowhite": "#ffdead",
"navy": "#000080",
"oldlace": "#fdf5e6",
"olive": "#808000",
"olivedrab": "#6b8e23",
"orange": "#ffa500",
"orangered": "#ff4500",
"orchid": "#da70d6",
"palegoldenrod": "#eee8aa",
"palegreen": "#98fb98",
"paleturquoise": "#afeeee",
"palevioletred": "#db7093",
"papayawhip": "#ffefd5",
"peachpuff": "#ffdab9",
"peru": "#cd853f",
"pink": "#ffc0cb",
"plum": "#dda0dd",
"powderblue": "#b0e0e6",
"purple": "#800080",
"rebeccapurple": "#663399",
"red": "#ff0000",
"rosybrown": "#bc8f8f",
"royalblue": "#4169e1",
"saddlebrown": "#8b4513",
"salmon": "#fa8072",
"sandybrown": "#f4a460",
"seagreen": "#2e8b57",
"seashell": "#fff5ee",
"sienna": "#a0522d",
"silver": "#c0c0c0",
"skyblue": "#87ceeb",
"slateblue": "#6a5acd",
"slategray": "#708090",
"slategrey": "#708090",
"snow": "#fffafa",
"springgreen": "#00ff7f",
"steelblue": "#4682b4",
"tan": "#d2b48c",
"teal": "#008080",
"thistle": "#d8bfd8",
"tomato": "#ff6347",
"turquoise": "#40e0d0",
"violet": "#ee82ee",
"wheat": "#f5deb3",
"white": "#ffffff",
"whitesmoke": "#f5f5f5",
"yellow": "#ffff00",
"yellowgreen": "#9acd32",
}

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# drawing interface operations
#
# History:
# 1996-04-13 fl Created (experimental)
# 1996-08-07 fl Filled polygons, ellipses.
# 1996-08-13 fl Added text support
# 1998-06-28 fl Handle I and F images
# 1998-12-29 fl Added arc; use arc primitive to draw ellipses
# 1999-01-10 fl Added shape stuff (experimental)
# 1999-02-06 fl Added bitmap support
# 1999-02-11 fl Changed all primitives to take options
# 1999-02-20 fl Fixed backwards compatibility
# 2000-10-12 fl Copy on write, when necessary
# 2001-02-18 fl Use default ink for bitmap/text also in fill mode
# 2002-10-24 fl Added support for CSS-style color strings
# 2002-12-10 fl Added experimental support for RGBA-on-RGB drawing
# 2002-12-11 fl Refactored low-level drawing API (work in progress)
# 2004-08-26 fl Made Draw() a factory function, added getdraw() support
# 2004-09-04 fl Added width support to line primitive
# 2004-09-10 fl Added font mode handling
# 2006-06-19 fl Added font bearing support (getmask2)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-2006 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import math
import numbers
from . import Image, ImageColor, ImageFont
"""
A simple 2D drawing interface for PIL images.
<p>
Application code should use the <b>Draw</b> factory, instead of
directly.
"""
class ImageDraw:
def __init__(self, im, mode=None):
"""
Create a drawing instance.
:param im: The image to draw in.
:param mode: Optional mode to use for color values. For RGB
images, this argument can be RGB or RGBA (to blend the
drawing into the image). For all other modes, this argument
must be the same as the image mode. If omitted, the mode
defaults to the mode of the image.
"""
im.load()
if im.readonly:
im._copy() # make it writeable
blend = 0
if mode is None:
mode = im.mode
if mode != im.mode:
if mode == "RGBA" and im.mode == "RGB":
blend = 1
else:
raise ValueError("mode mismatch")
if mode == "P":
self.palette = im.palette
else:
self.palette = None
self._image = im
self.im = im.im
self.draw = Image.core.draw(self.im, blend)
self.mode = mode
if mode in ("I", "F"):
self.ink = self.draw.draw_ink(1)
else:
self.ink = self.draw.draw_ink(-1)
if mode in ("1", "P", "I", "F"):
# FIXME: fix Fill2 to properly support matte for I+F images
self.fontmode = "1"
else:
self.fontmode = "L" # aliasing is okay for other modes
self.fill = 0
self.font = None
def getfont(self):
"""
Get the current default font.
:returns: An image font."""
if not self.font:
# FIXME: should add a font repository
from . import ImageFont
self.font = ImageFont.load_default()
return self.font
def _getink(self, ink, fill=None):
if ink is None and fill is None:
if self.fill:
fill = self.ink
else:
ink = self.ink
else:
if ink is not None:
if isinstance(ink, str):
ink = ImageColor.getcolor(ink, self.mode)
if self.palette and not isinstance(ink, numbers.Number):
ink = self.palette.getcolor(ink, self._image)
ink = self.draw.draw_ink(ink)
if fill is not None:
if isinstance(fill, str):
fill = ImageColor.getcolor(fill, self.mode)
if self.palette and not isinstance(fill, numbers.Number):
fill = self.palette.getcolor(fill, self._image)
fill = self.draw.draw_ink(fill)
return ink, fill
def arc(self, xy, start, end, fill=None, width=1):
"""Draw an arc."""
ink, fill = self._getink(fill)
if ink is not None:
self.draw.draw_arc(xy, start, end, ink, width)
def bitmap(self, xy, bitmap, fill=None):
"""Draw a bitmap."""
bitmap.load()
ink, fill = self._getink(fill)
if ink is None:
ink = fill
if ink is not None:
self.draw.draw_bitmap(xy, bitmap.im, ink)
def chord(self, xy, start, end, fill=None, outline=None, width=1):
"""Draw a chord."""
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
if fill is not None:
self.draw.draw_chord(xy, start, end, fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill and width != 0:
self.draw.draw_chord(xy, start, end, ink, 0, width)
def ellipse(self, xy, fill=None, outline=None, width=1):
"""Draw an ellipse."""
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
if fill is not None:
self.draw.draw_ellipse(xy, fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill and width != 0:
self.draw.draw_ellipse(xy, ink, 0, width)
def line(self, xy, fill=None, width=0, joint=None):
"""Draw a line, or a connected sequence of line segments."""
ink = self._getink(fill)[0]
if ink is not None:
self.draw.draw_lines(xy, ink, width)
if joint == "curve" and width > 4:
if not isinstance(xy[0], (list, tuple)):
xy = [tuple(xy[i : i + 2]) for i in range(0, len(xy), 2)]
for i in range(1, len(xy) - 1):
point = xy[i]
angles = [
math.degrees(math.atan2(end[0] - start[0], start[1] - end[1]))
% 360
for start, end in ((xy[i - 1], point), (point, xy[i + 1]))
]
if angles[0] == angles[1]:
# This is a straight line, so no joint is required
continue
def coord_at_angle(coord, angle):
x, y = coord
angle -= 90
distance = width / 2 - 1
return tuple(
[
p + (math.floor(p_d) if p_d > 0 else math.ceil(p_d))
for p, p_d in (
(x, distance * math.cos(math.radians(angle))),
(y, distance * math.sin(math.radians(angle))),
)
]
)
flipped = (
angles[1] > angles[0] and angles[1] - 180 > angles[0]
) or (angles[1] < angles[0] and angles[1] + 180 > angles[0])
coords = [
(point[0] - width / 2 + 1, point[1] - width / 2 + 1),
(point[0] + width / 2 - 1, point[1] + width / 2 - 1),
]
if flipped:
start, end = (angles[1] + 90, angles[0] + 90)
else:
start, end = (angles[0] - 90, angles[1] - 90)
self.pieslice(coords, start - 90, end - 90, fill)
if width > 8:
# Cover potential gaps between the line and the joint
if flipped:
gapCoords = [
coord_at_angle(point, angles[0] + 90),
point,
coord_at_angle(point, angles[1] + 90),
]
else:
gapCoords = [
coord_at_angle(point, angles[0] - 90),
point,
coord_at_angle(point, angles[1] - 90),
]
self.line(gapCoords, fill, width=3)
def shape(self, shape, fill=None, outline=None):
"""(Experimental) Draw a shape."""
shape.close()
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
if fill is not None:
self.draw.draw_outline(shape, fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill:
self.draw.draw_outline(shape, ink, 0)
def pieslice(self, xy, start, end, fill=None, outline=None, width=1):
"""Draw a pieslice."""
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
if fill is not None:
self.draw.draw_pieslice(xy, start, end, fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill and width != 0:
self.draw.draw_pieslice(xy, start, end, ink, 0, width)
def point(self, xy, fill=None):
"""Draw one or more individual pixels."""
ink, fill = self._getink(fill)
if ink is not None:
self.draw.draw_points(xy, ink)
def polygon(self, xy, fill=None, outline=None):
"""Draw a polygon."""
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
if fill is not None:
self.draw.draw_polygon(xy, fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill:
self.draw.draw_polygon(xy, ink, 0)
def regular_polygon(
self, bounding_circle, n_sides, rotation=0, fill=None, outline=None
):
"""Draw a regular polygon."""
xy = _compute_regular_polygon_vertices(bounding_circle, n_sides, rotation)
self.polygon(xy, fill, outline)
def rectangle(self, xy, fill=None, outline=None, width=1):
"""Draw a rectangle."""
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
if fill is not None:
self.draw.draw_rectangle(xy, fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill and width != 0:
self.draw.draw_rectangle(xy, ink, 0, width)
def rounded_rectangle(self, xy, radius=0, fill=None, outline=None, width=1):
"""Draw a rounded rectangle."""
if isinstance(xy[0], (list, tuple)):
(x0, y0), (x1, y1) = xy
else:
x0, y0, x1, y1 = xy
d = radius * 2
full_x = d >= x1 - x0
if full_x:
# The two left and two right corners are joined
d = x1 - x0
full_y = d >= y1 - y0
if full_y:
# The two top and two bottom corners are joined
d = y1 - y0
if full_x and full_y:
# If all corners are joined, that is a circle
return self.ellipse(xy, fill, outline, width)
if d == 0:
# If the corners have no curve, that is a rectangle
return self.rectangle(xy, fill, outline, width)
r = d // 2
ink, fill = self._getink(outline, fill)
def draw_corners(pieslice):
if full_x:
# Draw top and bottom halves
parts = (
((x0, y0, x0 + d, y0 + d), 180, 360),
((x0, y1 - d, x0 + d, y1), 0, 180),
)
elif full_y:
# Draw left and right halves
parts = (
((x0, y0, x0 + d, y0 + d), 90, 270),
((x1 - d, y0, x1, y0 + d), 270, 90),
)
else:
# Draw four separate corners
parts = (
((x1 - d, y0, x1, y0 + d), 270, 360),
((x1 - d, y1 - d, x1, y1), 0, 90),
((x0, y1 - d, x0 + d, y1), 90, 180),
((x0, y0, x0 + d, y0 + d), 180, 270),
)
for part in parts:
if pieslice:
self.draw.draw_pieslice(*(part + (fill, 1)))
else:
self.draw.draw_arc(*(part + (ink, width)))
if fill is not None:
draw_corners(True)
if full_x:
self.draw.draw_rectangle((x0, y0 + r + 1, x1, y1 - r - 1), fill, 1)
else:
self.draw.draw_rectangle((x0 + r + 1, y0, x1 - r - 1, y1), fill, 1)
if not full_x and not full_y:
self.draw.draw_rectangle((x0, y0 + r + 1, x0 + r, y1 - r - 1), fill, 1)
self.draw.draw_rectangle((x1 - r, y0 + r + 1, x1, y1 - r - 1), fill, 1)
if ink is not None and ink != fill and width != 0:
draw_corners(False)
if not full_x:
self.draw.draw_rectangle(
(x0 + r + 1, y0, x1 - r - 1, y0 + width - 1), ink, 1
)
self.draw.draw_rectangle(
(x0 + r + 1, y1 - width + 1, x1 - r - 1, y1), ink, 1
)
if not full_y:
self.draw.draw_rectangle(
(x0, y0 + r + 1, x0 + width - 1, y1 - r - 1), ink, 1
)
self.draw.draw_rectangle(
(x1 - width + 1, y0 + r + 1, x1, y1 - r - 1), ink, 1
)
def _multiline_check(self, text):
"""Draw text."""
split_character = "\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n"
return split_character in text
def _multiline_split(self, text):
split_character = "\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n"
return text.split(split_character)
def text(
self,
xy,
text,
fill=None,
font=None,
anchor=None,
spacing=4,
align="left",
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
stroke_width=0,
stroke_fill=None,
embedded_color=False,
*args,
**kwargs,
):
if self._multiline_check(text):
return self.multiline_text(
xy,
text,
fill,
font,
anchor,
spacing,
align,
direction,
features,
language,
stroke_width,
stroke_fill,
embedded_color,
)
if embedded_color and self.mode not in ("RGB", "RGBA"):
raise ValueError("Embedded color supported only in RGB and RGBA modes")
if font is None:
font = self.getfont()
def getink(fill):
ink, fill = self._getink(fill)
if ink is None:
return fill
return ink
def draw_text(ink, stroke_width=0, stroke_offset=None):
mode = self.fontmode
if stroke_width == 0 and embedded_color:
mode = "RGBA"
coord = xy
try:
mask, offset = font.getmask2(
text,
mode,
direction=direction,
features=features,
language=language,
stroke_width=stroke_width,
anchor=anchor,
ink=ink,
*args,
**kwargs,
)
coord = coord[0] + offset[0], coord[1] + offset[1]
except AttributeError:
try:
mask = font.getmask(
text,
mode,
direction,
features,
language,
stroke_width,
anchor,
ink,
*args,
**kwargs,
)
except TypeError:
mask = font.getmask(text)
if stroke_offset:
coord = coord[0] + stroke_offset[0], coord[1] + stroke_offset[1]
if mode == "RGBA":
# font.getmask2(mode="RGBA") returns color in RGB bands and mask in A
# extract mask and set text alpha
color, mask = mask, mask.getband(3)
color.fillband(3, (ink >> 24) & 0xFF)
coord2 = coord[0] + mask.size[0], coord[1] + mask.size[1]
self.im.paste(color, coord + coord2, mask)
else:
self.draw.draw_bitmap(coord, mask, ink)
ink = getink(fill)
if ink is not None:
stroke_ink = None
if stroke_width:
stroke_ink = getink(stroke_fill) if stroke_fill is not None else ink
if stroke_ink is not None:
# Draw stroked text
draw_text(stroke_ink, stroke_width)
# Draw normal text
draw_text(ink, 0)
else:
# Only draw normal text
draw_text(ink)
def multiline_text(
self,
xy,
text,
fill=None,
font=None,
anchor=None,
spacing=4,
align="left",
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
stroke_width=0,
stroke_fill=None,
embedded_color=False,
):
if direction == "ttb":
raise ValueError("ttb direction is unsupported for multiline text")
if anchor is None:
anchor = "la"
elif len(anchor) != 2:
raise ValueError("anchor must be a 2 character string")
elif anchor[1] in "tb":
raise ValueError("anchor not supported for multiline text")
widths = []
max_width = 0
lines = self._multiline_split(text)
line_spacing = (
self.textsize("A", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width)[1] + spacing
)
for line in lines:
line_width = self.textlength(
line, font, direction=direction, features=features, language=language
)
widths.append(line_width)
max_width = max(max_width, line_width)
top = xy[1]
if anchor[1] == "m":
top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing / 2.0
elif anchor[1] == "d":
top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing
for idx, line in enumerate(lines):
left = xy[0]
width_difference = max_width - widths[idx]
# first align left by anchor
if anchor[0] == "m":
left -= width_difference / 2.0
elif anchor[0] == "r":
left -= width_difference
# then align by align parameter
if align == "left":
pass
elif align == "center":
left += width_difference / 2.0
elif align == "right":
left += width_difference
else:
raise ValueError('align must be "left", "center" or "right"')
self.text(
(left, top),
line,
fill,
font,
anchor,
direction=direction,
features=features,
language=language,
stroke_width=stroke_width,
stroke_fill=stroke_fill,
embedded_color=embedded_color,
)
top += line_spacing
def textsize(
self,
text,
font=None,
spacing=4,
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
stroke_width=0,
):
"""Get the size of a given string, in pixels."""
if self._multiline_check(text):
return self.multiline_textsize(
text, font, spacing, direction, features, language, stroke_width
)
if font is None:
font = self.getfont()
return font.getsize(text, direction, features, language, stroke_width)
def multiline_textsize(
self,
text,
font=None,
spacing=4,
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
stroke_width=0,
):
max_width = 0
lines = self._multiline_split(text)
line_spacing = (
self.textsize("A", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width)[1] + spacing
)
for line in lines:
line_width, line_height = self.textsize(
line, font, spacing, direction, features, language, stroke_width
)
max_width = max(max_width, line_width)
return max_width, len(lines) * line_spacing - spacing
def textlength(
self,
text,
font=None,
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
embedded_color=False,
):
"""Get the length of a given string, in pixels with 1/64 precision."""
if self._multiline_check(text):
raise ValueError("can't measure length of multiline text")
if embedded_color and self.mode not in ("RGB", "RGBA"):
raise ValueError("Embedded color supported only in RGB and RGBA modes")
if font is None:
font = self.getfont()
mode = "RGBA" if embedded_color else self.fontmode
try:
return font.getlength(text, mode, direction, features, language)
except AttributeError:
size = self.textsize(
text, font, direction=direction, features=features, language=language
)
if direction == "ttb":
return size[1]
return size[0]
def textbbox(
self,
xy,
text,
font=None,
anchor=None,
spacing=4,
align="left",
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
stroke_width=0,
embedded_color=False,
):
"""Get the bounding box of a given string, in pixels."""
if embedded_color and self.mode not in ("RGB", "RGBA"):
raise ValueError("Embedded color supported only in RGB and RGBA modes")
if self._multiline_check(text):
return self.multiline_textbbox(
xy,
text,
font,
anchor,
spacing,
align,
direction,
features,
language,
stroke_width,
embedded_color,
)
if font is None:
font = self.getfont()
if not isinstance(font, ImageFont.FreeTypeFont):
raise ValueError("Only supported for TrueType fonts")
mode = "RGBA" if embedded_color else self.fontmode
bbox = font.getbbox(
text, mode, direction, features, language, stroke_width, anchor
)
return bbox[0] + xy[0], bbox[1] + xy[1], bbox[2] + xy[0], bbox[3] + xy[1]
def multiline_textbbox(
self,
xy,
text,
font=None,
anchor=None,
spacing=4,
align="left",
direction=None,
features=None,
language=None,
stroke_width=0,
embedded_color=False,
):
if direction == "ttb":
raise ValueError("ttb direction is unsupported for multiline text")
if anchor is None:
anchor = "la"
elif len(anchor) != 2:
raise ValueError("anchor must be a 2 character string")
elif anchor[1] in "tb":
raise ValueError("anchor not supported for multiline text")
widths = []
max_width = 0
lines = self._multiline_split(text)
line_spacing = (
self.textsize("A", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width)[1] + spacing
)
for line in lines:
line_width = self.textlength(
line,
font,
direction=direction,
features=features,
language=language,
embedded_color=embedded_color,
)
widths.append(line_width)
max_width = max(max_width, line_width)
top = xy[1]
if anchor[1] == "m":
top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing / 2.0
elif anchor[1] == "d":
top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing
bbox = None
for idx, line in enumerate(lines):
left = xy[0]
width_difference = max_width - widths[idx]
# first align left by anchor
if anchor[0] == "m":
left -= width_difference / 2.0
elif anchor[0] == "r":
left -= width_difference
# then align by align parameter
if align == "left":
pass
elif align == "center":
left += width_difference / 2.0
elif align == "right":
left += width_difference
else:
raise ValueError('align must be "left", "center" or "right"')
bbox_line = self.textbbox(
(left, top),
line,
font,
anchor,
direction=direction,
features=features,
language=language,
stroke_width=stroke_width,
embedded_color=embedded_color,
)
if bbox is None:
bbox = bbox_line
else:
bbox = (
min(bbox[0], bbox_line[0]),
min(bbox[1], bbox_line[1]),
max(bbox[2], bbox_line[2]),
max(bbox[3], bbox_line[3]),
)
top += line_spacing
if bbox is None:
return xy[0], xy[1], xy[0], xy[1]
return bbox
def Draw(im, mode=None):
"""
A simple 2D drawing interface for PIL images.
:param im: The image to draw in.
:param mode: Optional mode to use for color values. For RGB
images, this argument can be RGB or RGBA (to blend the
drawing into the image). For all other modes, this argument
must be the same as the image mode. If omitted, the mode
defaults to the mode of the image.
"""
try:
return im.getdraw(mode)
except AttributeError:
return ImageDraw(im, mode)
# experimental access to the outline API
try:
Outline = Image.core.outline
except AttributeError:
Outline = None
def getdraw(im=None, hints=None):
"""
(Experimental) A more advanced 2D drawing interface for PIL images,
based on the WCK interface.
:param im: The image to draw in.
:param hints: An optional list of hints.
:returns: A (drawing context, drawing resource factory) tuple.
"""
# FIXME: this needs more work!
# FIXME: come up with a better 'hints' scheme.
handler = None
if not hints or "nicest" in hints:
try:
from . import _imagingagg as handler
except ImportError:
pass
if handler is None:
from . import ImageDraw2 as handler
if im:
im = handler.Draw(im)
return im, handler
def floodfill(image, xy, value, border=None, thresh=0):
"""
(experimental) Fills a bounded region with a given color.
:param image: Target image.
:param xy: Seed position (a 2-item coordinate tuple). See
:ref:`coordinate-system`.
:param value: Fill color.
:param border: Optional border value. If given, the region consists of
pixels with a color different from the border color. If not given,
the region consists of pixels having the same color as the seed
pixel.
:param thresh: Optional threshold value which specifies a maximum
tolerable difference of a pixel value from the 'background' in
order for it to be replaced. Useful for filling regions of
non-homogeneous, but similar, colors.
"""
# based on an implementation by Eric S. Raymond
# amended by yo1995 @20180806
pixel = image.load()
x, y = xy
try:
background = pixel[x, y]
if _color_diff(value, background) <= thresh:
return # seed point already has fill color
pixel[x, y] = value
except (ValueError, IndexError):
return # seed point outside image
edge = {(x, y)}
# use a set to keep record of current and previous edge pixels
# to reduce memory consumption
full_edge = set()
while edge:
new_edge = set()
for (x, y) in edge: # 4 adjacent method
for (s, t) in ((x + 1, y), (x - 1, y), (x, y + 1), (x, y - 1)):
# If already processed, or if a coordinate is negative, skip
if (s, t) in full_edge or s < 0 or t < 0:
continue
try:
p = pixel[s, t]
except (ValueError, IndexError):
pass
else:
full_edge.add((s, t))
if border is None:
fill = _color_diff(p, background) <= thresh
else:
fill = p != value and p != border
if fill:
pixel[s, t] = value
new_edge.add((s, t))
full_edge = edge # discard pixels processed
edge = new_edge
def _compute_regular_polygon_vertices(bounding_circle, n_sides, rotation):
"""
Generate a list of vertices for a 2D regular polygon.
:param bounding_circle: The bounding circle is a tuple defined
by a point and radius. The polygon is inscribed in this circle.
(e.g. ``bounding_circle=(x, y, r)`` or ``((x, y), r)``)
:param n_sides: Number of sides
(e.g. ``n_sides=3`` for a triangle, ``6`` for a hexagon)
:param rotation: Apply an arbitrary rotation to the polygon
(e.g. ``rotation=90``, applies a 90 degree rotation)
:return: List of regular polygon vertices
(e.g. ``[(25, 50), (50, 50), (50, 25), (25, 25)]``)
How are the vertices computed?
1. Compute the following variables
- theta: Angle between the apothem & the nearest polygon vertex
- side_length: Length of each polygon edge
- centroid: Center of bounding circle (1st, 2nd elements of bounding_circle)
- polygon_radius: Polygon radius (last element of bounding_circle)
- angles: Location of each polygon vertex in polar grid
(e.g. A square with 0 degree rotation => [225.0, 315.0, 45.0, 135.0])
2. For each angle in angles, get the polygon vertex at that angle
The vertex is computed using the equation below.
X= xcos(φ) + ysin(φ)
Y= −xsin(φ) + ycos(φ)
Note:
φ = angle in degrees
x = 0
y = polygon_radius
The formula above assumes rotation around the origin.
In our case, we are rotating around the centroid.
To account for this, we use the formula below
X = xcos(φ) + ysin(φ) + centroid_x
Y = −xsin(φ) + ycos(φ) + centroid_y
"""
# 1. Error Handling
# 1.1 Check `n_sides` has an appropriate value
if not isinstance(n_sides, int):
raise TypeError("n_sides should be an int")
if n_sides < 3:
raise ValueError("n_sides should be an int > 2")
# 1.2 Check `bounding_circle` has an appropriate value
if not isinstance(bounding_circle, (list, tuple)):
raise TypeError("bounding_circle should be a tuple")
if len(bounding_circle) == 3:
*centroid, polygon_radius = bounding_circle
elif len(bounding_circle) == 2:
centroid, polygon_radius = bounding_circle
else:
raise ValueError(
"bounding_circle should contain 2D coordinates "
"and a radius (e.g. (x, y, r) or ((x, y), r) )"
)
if not all(isinstance(i, (int, float)) for i in (*centroid, polygon_radius)):
raise ValueError("bounding_circle should only contain numeric data")
if not len(centroid) == 2:
raise ValueError(
"bounding_circle centre should contain 2D coordinates (e.g. (x, y))"
)
if polygon_radius <= 0:
raise ValueError("bounding_circle radius should be > 0")
# 1.3 Check `rotation` has an appropriate value
if not isinstance(rotation, (int, float)):
raise ValueError("rotation should be an int or float")
# 2. Define Helper Functions
def _apply_rotation(point, degrees, centroid):
return (
round(
point[0] * math.cos(math.radians(360 - degrees))
- point[1] * math.sin(math.radians(360 - degrees))
+ centroid[0],
2,
),
round(
point[1] * math.cos(math.radians(360 - degrees))
+ point[0] * math.sin(math.radians(360 - degrees))
+ centroid[1],
2,
),
)
def _compute_polygon_vertex(centroid, polygon_radius, angle):
start_point = [polygon_radius, 0]
return _apply_rotation(start_point, angle, centroid)
def _get_angles(n_sides, rotation):
angles = []
degrees = 360 / n_sides
# Start with the bottom left polygon vertex
current_angle = (270 - 0.5 * degrees) + rotation
for _ in range(0, n_sides):
angles.append(current_angle)
current_angle += degrees
if current_angle > 360:
current_angle -= 360
return angles
# 3. Variable Declarations
angles = _get_angles(n_sides, rotation)
# 4. Compute Vertices
return [
_compute_polygon_vertex(centroid, polygon_radius, angle) for angle in angles
]
def _color_diff(color1, color2):
"""
Uses 1-norm distance to calculate difference between two values.
"""
if isinstance(color2, tuple):
return sum([abs(color1[i] - color2[i]) for i in range(0, len(color2))])
else:
return abs(color1 - color2)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# WCK-style drawing interface operations
#
# History:
# 2003-12-07 fl created
# 2005-05-15 fl updated; added to PIL as ImageDraw2
# 2005-05-15 fl added text support
# 2005-05-20 fl added arc/chord/pieslice support
#
# Copyright (c) 2003-2005 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2003-2005 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
(Experimental) WCK-style drawing interface operations
.. seealso:: :py:mod:`PIL.ImageDraw`
"""
from . import Image, ImageColor, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImagePath
class Pen:
"""Stores an outline color and width."""
def __init__(self, color, width=1, opacity=255):
self.color = ImageColor.getrgb(color)
self.width = width
class Brush:
"""Stores a fill color"""
def __init__(self, color, opacity=255):
self.color = ImageColor.getrgb(color)
class Font:
"""Stores a TrueType font and color"""
def __init__(self, color, file, size=12):
# FIXME: add support for bitmap fonts
self.color = ImageColor.getrgb(color)
self.font = ImageFont.truetype(file, size)
class Draw:
"""
(Experimental) WCK-style drawing interface
"""
def __init__(self, image, size=None, color=None):
if not hasattr(image, "im"):
image = Image.new(image, size, color)
self.draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
self.image = image
self.transform = None
def flush(self):
return self.image
def render(self, op, xy, pen, brush=None):
# handle color arguments
outline = fill = None
width = 1
if isinstance(pen, Pen):
outline = pen.color
width = pen.width
elif isinstance(brush, Pen):
outline = brush.color
width = brush.width
if isinstance(brush, Brush):
fill = brush.color
elif isinstance(pen, Brush):
fill = pen.color
# handle transformation
if self.transform:
xy = ImagePath.Path(xy)
xy.transform(self.transform)
# render the item
if op == "line":
self.draw.line(xy, fill=outline, width=width)
else:
getattr(self.draw, op)(xy, fill=fill, outline=outline)
def settransform(self, offset):
"""Sets a transformation offset."""
(xoffset, yoffset) = offset
self.transform = (1, 0, xoffset, 0, 1, yoffset)
def arc(self, xy, start, end, *options):
"""
Draws an arc (a portion of a circle outline) between the start and end
angles, inside the given bounding box.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.arc`
"""
self.render("arc", xy, start, end, *options)
def chord(self, xy, start, end, *options):
"""
Same as :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw2.Draw.arc`, but connects the end points
with a straight line.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.chord`
"""
self.render("chord", xy, start, end, *options)
def ellipse(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws an ellipse inside the given bounding box.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.ellipse`
"""
self.render("ellipse", xy, *options)
def line(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws a line between the coordinates in the ``xy`` list.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.line`
"""
self.render("line", xy, *options)
def pieslice(self, xy, start, end, *options):
"""
Same as arc, but also draws straight lines between the end points and the
center of the bounding box.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.pieslice`
"""
self.render("pieslice", xy, start, end, *options)
def polygon(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws a polygon.
The polygon outline consists of straight lines between the given
coordinates, plus a straight line between the last and the first
coordinate.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.polygon`
"""
self.render("polygon", xy, *options)
def rectangle(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws a rectangle.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.rectangle`
"""
self.render("rectangle", xy, *options)
def text(self, xy, text, font):
"""
Draws the string at the given position.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.text`
"""
if self.transform:
xy = ImagePath.Path(xy)
xy.transform(self.transform)
self.draw.text(xy, text, font=font.font, fill=font.color)
def textsize(self, text, font):
"""
Return the size of the given string, in pixels.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.textsize`
"""
return self.draw.textsize(text, font=font.font)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image enhancement classes
#
# For a background, see "Image Processing By Interpolation and
# Extrapolation", Paul Haeberli and Douglas Voorhies. Available
# at http://www.graficaobscura.com/interp/index.html
#
# History:
# 1996-03-23 fl Created
# 2009-06-16 fl Fixed mean calculation
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFilter, ImageStat
class _Enhance:
def enhance(self, factor):
"""
Returns an enhanced image.
:param factor: A floating point value controlling the enhancement.
Factor 1.0 always returns a copy of the original image,
lower factors mean less color (brightness, contrast,
etc), and higher values more. There are no restrictions
on this value.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.blend(self.degenerate, self.image, factor)
class Color(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image color balance.
This class can be used to adjust the colour balance of an image, in
a manner similar to the controls on a colour TV set. An enhancement
factor of 0.0 gives a black and white image. A factor of 1.0 gives
the original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
self.intermediate_mode = "L"
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.intermediate_mode = "LA"
self.degenerate = image.convert(self.intermediate_mode).convert(image.mode)
class Contrast(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image contrast.
This class can be used to control the contrast of an image, similar
to the contrast control on a TV set. An enhancement factor of 0.0
gives a solid grey image. A factor of 1.0 gives the original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
mean = int(ImageStat.Stat(image.convert("L")).mean[0] + 0.5)
self.degenerate = Image.new("L", image.size, mean).convert(image.mode)
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.degenerate.putalpha(image.getchannel("A"))
class Brightness(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image brightness.
This class can be used to control the brightness of an image. An
enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a black image. A factor of 1.0 gives the
original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
self.degenerate = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, 0)
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.degenerate.putalpha(image.getchannel("A"))
class Sharpness(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image sharpness.
This class can be used to adjust the sharpness of an image. An
enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a blurred image, a factor of 1.0 gives the
original image, and a factor of 2.0 gives a sharpened image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
self.degenerate = image.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.degenerate.putalpha(image.getchannel("A"))

699
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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# base class for image file handlers
#
# history:
# 1995-09-09 fl Created
# 1996-03-11 fl Fixed load mechanism.
# 1996-04-15 fl Added pcx/xbm decoders.
# 1996-04-30 fl Added encoders.
# 1996-12-14 fl Added load helpers
# 1997-01-11 fl Use encode_to_file where possible
# 1997-08-27 fl Flush output in _save
# 1998-03-05 fl Use memory mapping for some modes
# 1999-02-04 fl Use memory mapping also for "I;16" and "I;16B"
# 1999-05-31 fl Added image parser
# 2000-10-12 fl Set readonly flag on memory-mapped images
# 2002-03-20 fl Use better messages for common decoder errors
# 2003-04-21 fl Fall back on mmap/map_buffer if map is not available
# 2003-10-30 fl Added StubImageFile class
# 2004-02-25 fl Made incremental parser more robust
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
import struct
import sys
import warnings
from . import Image
from ._util import isPath
MAXBLOCK = 65536
SAFEBLOCK = 1024 * 1024
LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
"""Whether or not to load truncated image files. User code may change this."""
ERRORS = {
-1: "image buffer overrun error",
-2: "decoding error",
-3: "unknown error",
-8: "bad configuration",
-9: "out of memory error",
}
"""Dict of known error codes returned from :meth:`.PyDecoder.decode`."""
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helpers
def raise_oserror(error):
try:
message = Image.core.getcodecstatus(error)
except AttributeError:
message = ERRORS.get(error)
if not message:
message = f"decoder error {error}"
raise OSError(message + " when reading image file")
def raise_ioerror(error):
warnings.warn(
"raise_ioerror is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 9 (2022-01-02). "
"Use raise_oserror instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return raise_oserror(error)
def _tilesort(t):
# sort on offset
return t[2]
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# ImageFile base class
class ImageFile(Image.Image):
"""Base class for image file format handlers."""
def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):
super().__init__()
self._min_frame = 0
self.custom_mimetype = None
self.tile = None
""" A list of tile descriptors, or ``None`` """
self.readonly = 1 # until we know better
self.decoderconfig = ()
self.decodermaxblock = MAXBLOCK
if isPath(fp):
# filename
self.fp = open(fp, "rb")
self.filename = fp
self._exclusive_fp = True
else:
# stream
self.fp = fp
self.filename = filename
# can be overridden
self._exclusive_fp = None
try:
try:
self._open()
except (
IndexError, # end of data
TypeError, # end of data (ord)
KeyError, # unsupported mode
EOFError, # got header but not the first frame
struct.error,
) as v:
raise SyntaxError(v) from v
if not self.mode or self.size[0] <= 0:
raise SyntaxError("not identified by this driver")
except BaseException:
# close the file only if we have opened it this constructor
if self._exclusive_fp:
self.fp.close()
raise
def get_format_mimetype(self):
if self.custom_mimetype:
return self.custom_mimetype
if self.format is not None:
return Image.MIME.get(self.format.upper())
def verify(self):
"""Check file integrity"""
# raise exception if something's wrong. must be called
# directly after open, and closes file when finished.
if self._exclusive_fp:
self.fp.close()
self.fp = None
def load(self):
"""Load image data based on tile list"""
if self.tile is None:
raise OSError("cannot load this image")
pixel = Image.Image.load(self)
if not self.tile:
return pixel
self.map = None
use_mmap = self.filename and len(self.tile) == 1
# As of pypy 2.1.0, memory mapping was failing here.
use_mmap = use_mmap and not hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info")
readonly = 0
# look for read/seek overrides
try:
read = self.load_read
# don't use mmap if there are custom read/seek functions
use_mmap = False
except AttributeError:
read = self.fp.read
try:
seek = self.load_seek
use_mmap = False
except AttributeError:
seek = self.fp.seek
if use_mmap:
# try memory mapping
decoder_name, extents, offset, args = self.tile[0]
if (
decoder_name == "raw"
and len(args) >= 3
and args[0] == self.mode
and args[0] in Image._MAPMODES
):
try:
# use mmap, if possible
import mmap
with open(self.filename) as fp:
self.map = mmap.mmap(fp.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
self.im = Image.core.map_buffer(
self.map, self.size, decoder_name, offset, args
)
readonly = 1
# After trashing self.im,
# we might need to reload the palette data.
if self.palette:
self.palette.dirty = 1
except (AttributeError, OSError, ImportError):
self.map = None
self.load_prepare()
err_code = -3 # initialize to unknown error
if not self.map:
# sort tiles in file order
self.tile.sort(key=_tilesort)
try:
# FIXME: This is a hack to handle TIFF's JpegTables tag.
prefix = self.tile_prefix
except AttributeError:
prefix = b""
for decoder_name, extents, offset, args in self.tile:
decoder = Image._getdecoder(
self.mode, decoder_name, args, self.decoderconfig
)
try:
seek(offset)
decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)
if decoder.pulls_fd:
decoder.setfd(self.fp)
status, err_code = decoder.decode(b"")
else:
b = prefix
while True:
try:
s = read(self.decodermaxblock)
except (IndexError, struct.error) as e:
# truncated png/gif
if LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES:
break
else:
raise OSError("image file is truncated") from e
if not s: # truncated jpeg
if LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES:
break
else:
raise OSError(
"image file is truncated "
f"({len(b)} bytes not processed)"
)
b = b + s
n, err_code = decoder.decode(b)
if n < 0:
break
b = b[n:]
finally:
# Need to cleanup here to prevent leaks
decoder.cleanup()
self.tile = []
self.readonly = readonly
self.load_end()
if self._exclusive_fp and self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading:
self.fp.close()
self.fp = None
if not self.map and not LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES and err_code < 0:
# still raised if decoder fails to return anything
raise_oserror(err_code)
return Image.Image.load(self)
def load_prepare(self):
# create image memory if necessary
if not self.im or self.im.mode != self.mode or self.im.size != self.size:
self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)
# create palette (optional)
if self.mode == "P":
Image.Image.load(self)
def load_end(self):
# may be overridden
pass
# may be defined for contained formats
# def load_seek(self, pos):
# pass
# may be defined for blocked formats (e.g. PNG)
# def load_read(self, bytes):
# pass
def _seek_check(self, frame):
if (
frame < self._min_frame
# Only check upper limit on frames if additional seek operations
# are not required to do so
or (
not (hasattr(self, "_n_frames") and self._n_frames is None)
and frame >= self.n_frames + self._min_frame
)
):
raise EOFError("attempt to seek outside sequence")
return self.tell() != frame
class StubImageFile(ImageFile):
"""
Base class for stub image loaders.
A stub loader is an image loader that can identify files of a
certain format, but relies on external code to load the file.
"""
def _open(self):
raise NotImplementedError("StubImageFile subclass must implement _open")
def load(self):
loader = self._load()
if loader is None:
raise OSError(f"cannot find loader for this {self.format} file")
image = loader.load(self)
assert image is not None
# become the other object (!)
self.__class__ = image.__class__
self.__dict__ = image.__dict__
def _load(self):
"""(Hook) Find actual image loader."""
raise NotImplementedError("StubImageFile subclass must implement _load")
class Parser:
"""
Incremental image parser. This class implements the standard
feed/close consumer interface.
"""
incremental = None
image = None
data = None
decoder = None
offset = 0
finished = 0
def reset(self):
"""
(Consumer) Reset the parser. Note that you can only call this
method immediately after you've created a parser; parser
instances cannot be reused.
"""
assert self.data is None, "cannot reuse parsers"
def feed(self, data):
"""
(Consumer) Feed data to the parser.
:param data: A string buffer.
:exception OSError: If the parser failed to parse the image file.
"""
# collect data
if self.finished:
return
if self.data is None:
self.data = data
else:
self.data = self.data + data
# parse what we have
if self.decoder:
if self.offset > 0:
# skip header
skip = min(len(self.data), self.offset)
self.data = self.data[skip:]
self.offset = self.offset - skip
if self.offset > 0 or not self.data:
return
n, e = self.decoder.decode(self.data)
if n < 0:
# end of stream
self.data = None
self.finished = 1
if e < 0:
# decoding error
self.image = None
raise_oserror(e)
else:
# end of image
return
self.data = self.data[n:]
elif self.image:
# if we end up here with no decoder, this file cannot
# be incrementally parsed. wait until we've gotten all
# available data
pass
else:
# attempt to open this file
try:
with io.BytesIO(self.data) as fp:
im = Image.open(fp)
except OSError:
# traceback.print_exc()
pass # not enough data
else:
flag = hasattr(im, "load_seek") or hasattr(im, "load_read")
if flag or len(im.tile) != 1:
# custom load code, or multiple tiles
self.decode = None
else:
# initialize decoder
im.load_prepare()
d, e, o, a = im.tile[0]
im.tile = []
self.decoder = Image._getdecoder(im.mode, d, a, im.decoderconfig)
self.decoder.setimage(im.im, e)
# calculate decoder offset
self.offset = o
if self.offset <= len(self.data):
self.data = self.data[self.offset :]
self.offset = 0
self.image = im
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
self.close()
def close(self):
"""
(Consumer) Close the stream.
:returns: An image object.
:exception OSError: If the parser failed to parse the image file either
because it cannot be identified or cannot be
decoded.
"""
# finish decoding
if self.decoder:
# get rid of what's left in the buffers
self.feed(b"")
self.data = self.decoder = None
if not self.finished:
raise OSError("image was incomplete")
if not self.image:
raise OSError("cannot parse this image")
if self.data:
# incremental parsing not possible; reopen the file
# not that we have all data
with io.BytesIO(self.data) as fp:
try:
self.image = Image.open(fp)
finally:
self.image.load()
return self.image
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _save(im, fp, tile, bufsize=0):
"""Helper to save image based on tile list
:param im: Image object.
:param fp: File object.
:param tile: Tile list.
:param bufsize: Optional buffer size
"""
im.load()
if not hasattr(im, "encoderconfig"):
im.encoderconfig = ()
tile.sort(key=_tilesort)
# FIXME: make MAXBLOCK a configuration parameter
# It would be great if we could have the encoder specify what it needs
# But, it would need at least the image size in most cases. RawEncode is
# a tricky case.
bufsize = max(MAXBLOCK, bufsize, im.size[0] * 4) # see RawEncode.c
try:
stdout = fp == sys.stdout or fp == sys.stdout.buffer
except (OSError, AttributeError):
stdout = False
if stdout:
fp.flush()
return
try:
fh = fp.fileno()
fp.flush()
except (AttributeError, io.UnsupportedOperation) as exc:
# compress to Python file-compatible object
for e, b, o, a in tile:
e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, e, a, im.encoderconfig)
if o > 0:
fp.seek(o)
e.setimage(im.im, b)
if e.pushes_fd:
e.setfd(fp)
l, s = e.encode_to_pyfd()
else:
while True:
l, s, d = e.encode(bufsize)
fp.write(d)
if s:
break
if s < 0:
raise OSError(f"encoder error {s} when writing image file") from exc
e.cleanup()
else:
# slight speedup: compress to real file object
for e, b, o, a in tile:
e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, e, a, im.encoderconfig)
if o > 0:
fp.seek(o)
e.setimage(im.im, b)
if e.pushes_fd:
e.setfd(fp)
l, s = e.encode_to_pyfd()
else:
s = e.encode_to_file(fh, bufsize)
if s < 0:
raise OSError(f"encoder error {s} when writing image file")
e.cleanup()
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
def _safe_read(fp, size):
"""
Reads large blocks in a safe way. Unlike fp.read(n), this function
doesn't trust the user. If the requested size is larger than
SAFEBLOCK, the file is read block by block.
:param fp: File handle. Must implement a <b>read</b> method.
:param size: Number of bytes to read.
:returns: A string containing <i>size</i> bytes of data.
Raises an OSError if the file is truncated and the read cannot be completed
"""
if size <= 0:
return b""
if size <= SAFEBLOCK:
data = fp.read(size)
if len(data) < size:
raise OSError("Truncated File Read")
return data
data = []
while size > 0:
block = fp.read(min(size, SAFEBLOCK))
if not block:
break
data.append(block)
size -= len(block)
if sum(len(d) for d in data) < size:
raise OSError("Truncated File Read")
return b"".join(data)
class PyCodecState:
def __init__(self):
self.xsize = 0
self.ysize = 0
self.xoff = 0
self.yoff = 0
def extents(self):
return (self.xoff, self.yoff, self.xoff + self.xsize, self.yoff + self.ysize)
class PyDecoder:
"""
Python implementation of a format decoder. Override this class and
add the decoding logic in the :meth:`decode` method.
See :ref:`Writing Your Own File Decoder in Python<file-decoders-py>`
"""
_pulls_fd = False
def __init__(self, mode, *args):
self.im = None
self.state = PyCodecState()
self.fd = None
self.mode = mode
self.init(args)
def init(self, args):
"""
Override to perform decoder specific initialization
:param args: Array of args items from the tile entry
:returns: None
"""
self.args = args
@property
def pulls_fd(self):
return self._pulls_fd
def decode(self, buffer):
"""
Override to perform the decoding process.
:param buffer: A bytes object with the data to be decoded.
:returns: A tuple of ``(bytes consumed, errcode)``.
If finished with decoding return <0 for the bytes consumed.
Err codes are from :data:`.ImageFile.ERRORS`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def cleanup(self):
"""
Override to perform decoder specific cleanup
:returns: None
"""
pass
def setfd(self, fd):
"""
Called from ImageFile to set the python file-like object
:param fd: A python file-like object
:returns: None
"""
self.fd = fd
def setimage(self, im, extents=None):
"""
Called from ImageFile to set the core output image for the decoder
:param im: A core image object
:param extents: a 4 tuple of (x0, y0, x1, y1) defining the rectangle
for this tile
:returns: None
"""
# following c code
self.im = im
if extents:
(x0, y0, x1, y1) = extents
else:
(x0, y0, x1, y1) = (0, 0, 0, 0)
if x0 == 0 and x1 == 0:
self.state.xsize, self.state.ysize = self.im.size
else:
self.state.xoff = x0
self.state.yoff = y0
self.state.xsize = x1 - x0
self.state.ysize = y1 - y0
if self.state.xsize <= 0 or self.state.ysize <= 0:
raise ValueError("Size cannot be negative")
if (
self.state.xsize + self.state.xoff > self.im.size[0]
or self.state.ysize + self.state.yoff > self.im.size[1]
):
raise ValueError("Tile cannot extend outside image")
def set_as_raw(self, data, rawmode=None):
"""
Convenience method to set the internal image from a stream of raw data
:param data: Bytes to be set
:param rawmode: The rawmode to be used for the decoder.
If not specified, it will default to the mode of the image
:returns: None
"""
if not rawmode:
rawmode = self.mode
d = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, "raw", (rawmode))
d.setimage(self.im, self.state.extents())
s = d.decode(data)
if s[0] >= 0:
raise ValueError("not enough image data")
if s[1] != 0:
raise ValueError("cannot decode image data")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# standard filters
#
# History:
# 1995-11-27 fl Created
# 2002-06-08 fl Added rank and mode filters
# 2003-09-15 fl Fixed rank calculation in rank filter; added expand call
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-2002 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import functools
class Filter:
pass
class MultibandFilter(Filter):
pass
class BuiltinFilter(MultibandFilter):
def filter(self, image):
if image.mode == "P":
raise ValueError("cannot filter palette images")
return image.filter(*self.filterargs)
class Kernel(BuiltinFilter):
"""
Create a convolution kernel. The current version only
supports 3x3 and 5x5 integer and floating point kernels.
In the current version, kernels can only be applied to
"L" and "RGB" images.
:param size: Kernel size, given as (width, height). In the current
version, this must be (3,3) or (5,5).
:param kernel: A sequence containing kernel weights.
:param scale: Scale factor. If given, the result for each pixel is
divided by this value. The default is the sum of the
kernel weights.
:param offset: Offset. If given, this value is added to the result,
after it has been divided by the scale factor.
"""
name = "Kernel"
def __init__(self, size, kernel, scale=None, offset=0):
if scale is None:
# default scale is sum of kernel
scale = functools.reduce(lambda a, b: a + b, kernel)
if size[0] * size[1] != len(kernel):
raise ValueError("not enough coefficients in kernel")
self.filterargs = size, scale, offset, kernel
class RankFilter(Filter):
"""
Create a rank filter. The rank filter sorts all pixels in
a window of the given size, and returns the ``rank``'th value.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
:param rank: What pixel value to pick. Use 0 for a min filter,
``size * size / 2`` for a median filter, ``size * size - 1``
for a max filter, etc.
"""
name = "Rank"
def __init__(self, size, rank):
self.size = size
self.rank = rank
def filter(self, image):
if image.mode == "P":
raise ValueError("cannot filter palette images")
image = image.expand(self.size // 2, self.size // 2)
return image.rankfilter(self.size, self.rank)
class MedianFilter(RankFilter):
"""
Create a median filter. Picks the median pixel value in a window with the
given size.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Median"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
self.rank = size * size // 2
class MinFilter(RankFilter):
"""
Create a min filter. Picks the lowest pixel value in a window with the
given size.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Min"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
self.rank = 0
class MaxFilter(RankFilter):
"""
Create a max filter. Picks the largest pixel value in a window with the
given size.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Max"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
self.rank = size * size - 1
class ModeFilter(Filter):
"""
Create a mode filter. Picks the most frequent pixel value in a box with the
given size. Pixel values that occur only once or twice are ignored; if no
pixel value occurs more than twice, the original pixel value is preserved.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Mode"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
def filter(self, image):
return image.modefilter(self.size)
class GaussianBlur(MultibandFilter):
"""Blurs the image with a sequence of extended box filters, which
approximates a Gaussian kernel. For details on accuracy see
<https://www.mia.uni-saarland.de/Publications/gwosdek-ssvm11.pdf>
:param radius: Standard deviation of the Gaussian kernel.
"""
name = "GaussianBlur"
def __init__(self, radius=2):
self.radius = radius
def filter(self, image):
return image.gaussian_blur(self.radius)
class BoxBlur(MultibandFilter):
"""Blurs the image by setting each pixel to the average value of the pixels
in a square box extending radius pixels in each direction.
Supports float radius of arbitrary size. Uses an optimized implementation
which runs in linear time relative to the size of the image
for any radius value.
:param radius: Size of the box in one direction. Radius 0 does not blur,
returns an identical image. Radius 1 takes 1 pixel
in each direction, i.e. 9 pixels in total.
"""
name = "BoxBlur"
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def filter(self, image):
return image.box_blur(self.radius)
class UnsharpMask(MultibandFilter):
"""Unsharp mask filter.
See Wikipedia's entry on `digital unsharp masking`_ for an explanation of
the parameters.
:param radius: Blur Radius
:param percent: Unsharp strength, in percent
:param threshold: Threshold controls the minimum brightness change that
will be sharpened
.. _digital unsharp masking: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsharp_masking#Digital_unsharp_masking
""" # noqa: E501
name = "UnsharpMask"
def __init__(self, radius=2, percent=150, threshold=3):
self.radius = radius
self.percent = percent
self.threshold = threshold
def filter(self, image):
return image.unsharp_mask(self.radius, self.percent, self.threshold)
class BLUR(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Blur"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (5, 5), 16, 0, (
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
)
# fmt: on
class CONTOUR(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Contour"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 1, 255, (
-1, -1, -1,
-1, 8, -1,
-1, -1, -1,
)
# fmt: on
class DETAIL(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Detail"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 6, 0, (
0, -1, 0,
-1, 10, -1,
0, -1, 0,
)
# fmt: on
class EDGE_ENHANCE(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Edge-enhance"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 2, 0, (
-1, -1, -1,
-1, 10, -1,
-1, -1, -1,
)
# fmt: on
class EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Edge-enhance More"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 1, 0, (
-1, -1, -1,
-1, 9, -1,
-1, -1, -1,
)
# fmt: on
class EMBOSS(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Emboss"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 1, 128, (
-1, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0,
0, 0, 0,
)
# fmt: on
class FIND_EDGES(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Find Edges"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 1, 0, (
-1, -1, -1,
-1, 8, -1,
-1, -1, -1,
)
# fmt: on
class SHARPEN(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Sharpen"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 16, 0, (
-2, -2, -2,
-2, 32, -2,
-2, -2, -2,
)
# fmt: on
class SMOOTH(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Smooth"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (3, 3), 13, 0, (
1, 1, 1,
1, 5, 1,
1, 1, 1,
)
# fmt: on
class SMOOTH_MORE(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Smooth More"
# fmt: off
filterargs = (5, 5), 100, 0, (
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 5, 5, 5, 1,
1, 5, 44, 5, 1,
1, 5, 5, 5, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
)
# fmt: on
class Color3DLUT(MultibandFilter):
"""Three-dimensional color lookup table.
Transforms 3-channel pixels using the values of the channels as coordinates
in the 3D lookup table and interpolating the nearest elements.
This method allows you to apply almost any color transformation
in constant time by using pre-calculated decimated tables.
.. versionadded:: 5.2.0
:param size: Size of the table. One int or tuple of (int, int, int).
Minimal size in any dimension is 2, maximum is 65.
:param table: Flat lookup table. A list of ``channels * size**3``
float elements or a list of ``size**3`` channels-sized
tuples with floats. Channels are changed first,
then first dimension, then second, then third.
Value 0.0 corresponds lowest value of output, 1.0 highest.
:param channels: Number of channels in the table. Could be 3 or 4.
Default is 3.
:param target_mode: A mode for the result image. Should have not less
than ``channels`` channels. Default is ``None``,
which means that mode wouldn't be changed.
"""
name = "Color 3D LUT"
def __init__(self, size, table, channels=3, target_mode=None, **kwargs):
if channels not in (3, 4):
raise ValueError("Only 3 or 4 output channels are supported")
self.size = size = self._check_size(size)
self.channels = channels
self.mode = target_mode
# Hidden flag `_copy_table=False` could be used to avoid extra copying
# of the table if the table is specially made for the constructor.
copy_table = kwargs.get("_copy_table", True)
items = size[0] * size[1] * size[2]
wrong_size = False
numpy = None
if hasattr(table, "shape"):
try:
import numpy
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
pass
if numpy and isinstance(table, numpy.ndarray):
if copy_table:
table = table.copy()
if table.shape in [
(items * channels,),
(items, channels),
(size[2], size[1], size[0], channels),
]:
table = table.reshape(items * channels)
else:
wrong_size = True
else:
if copy_table:
table = list(table)
# Convert to a flat list
if table and isinstance(table[0], (list, tuple)):
table, raw_table = [], table
for pixel in raw_table:
if len(pixel) != channels:
raise ValueError(
"The elements of the table should "
"have a length of {}.".format(channels)
)
table.extend(pixel)
if wrong_size or len(table) != items * channels:
raise ValueError(
"The table should have either channels * size**3 float items "
"or size**3 items of channels-sized tuples with floats. "
f"Table should be: {channels}x{size[0]}x{size[1]}x{size[2]}. "
f"Actual length: {len(table)}"
)
self.table = table
@staticmethod
def _check_size(size):
try:
_, _, _ = size
except ValueError as e:
raise ValueError(
"Size should be either an integer or a tuple of three integers."
) from e
except TypeError:
size = (size, size, size)
size = [int(x) for x in size]
for size1D in size:
if not 2 <= size1D <= 65:
raise ValueError("Size should be in [2, 65] range.")
return size
@classmethod
def generate(cls, size, callback, channels=3, target_mode=None):
"""Generates new LUT using provided callback.
:param size: Size of the table. Passed to the constructor.
:param callback: Function with three parameters which correspond
three color channels. Will be called ``size**3``
times with values from 0.0 to 1.0 and should return
a tuple with ``channels`` elements.
:param channels: The number of channels which should return callback.
:param target_mode: Passed to the constructor of the resulting
lookup table.
"""
size1D, size2D, size3D = cls._check_size(size)
if channels not in (3, 4):
raise ValueError("Only 3 or 4 output channels are supported")
table = [0] * (size1D * size2D * size3D * channels)
idx_out = 0
for b in range(size3D):
for g in range(size2D):
for r in range(size1D):
table[idx_out : idx_out + channels] = callback(
r / (size1D - 1), g / (size2D - 1), b / (size3D - 1)
)
idx_out += channels
return cls(
(size1D, size2D, size3D),
table,
channels=channels,
target_mode=target_mode,
_copy_table=False,
)
def transform(self, callback, with_normals=False, channels=None, target_mode=None):
"""Transforms the table values using provided callback and returns
a new LUT with altered values.
:param callback: A function which takes old lookup table values
and returns a new set of values. The number
of arguments which function should take is
``self.channels`` or ``3 + self.channels``
if ``with_normals`` flag is set.
Should return a tuple of ``self.channels`` or
``channels`` elements if it is set.
:param with_normals: If true, ``callback`` will be called with
coordinates in the color cube as the first
three arguments. Otherwise, ``callback``
will be called only with actual color values.
:param channels: The number of channels in the resulting lookup table.
:param target_mode: Passed to the constructor of the resulting
lookup table.
"""
if channels not in (None, 3, 4):
raise ValueError("Only 3 or 4 output channels are supported")
ch_in = self.channels
ch_out = channels or ch_in
size1D, size2D, size3D = self.size
table = [0] * (size1D * size2D * size3D * ch_out)
idx_in = 0
idx_out = 0
for b in range(size3D):
for g in range(size2D):
for r in range(size1D):
values = self.table[idx_in : idx_in + ch_in]
if with_normals:
values = callback(
r / (size1D - 1),
g / (size2D - 1),
b / (size3D - 1),
*values,
)
else:
values = callback(*values)
table[idx_out : idx_out + ch_out] = values
idx_in += ch_in
idx_out += ch_out
return type(self)(
self.size,
table,
channels=ch_out,
target_mode=target_mode or self.mode,
_copy_table=False,
)
def __repr__(self):
r = [
f"{self.__class__.__name__} from {self.table.__class__.__name__}",
"size={:d}x{:d}x{:d}".format(*self.size),
f"channels={self.channels:d}",
]
if self.mode:
r.append(f"target_mode={self.mode}")
return "<{}>".format(" ".join(r))
def filter(self, image):
from . import Image
return image.color_lut_3d(
self.mode or image.mode,
Image.LINEAR,
self.channels,
self.size[0],
self.size[1],
self.size[2],
self.table,
)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# screen grabber
#
# History:
# 2001-04-26 fl created
# 2001-09-17 fl use builtin driver, if present
# 2002-11-19 fl added grabclipboard support
#
# Copyright (c) 2001-2002 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2001-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import sys
from . import Image
if sys.platform == "darwin":
import os
import subprocess
import tempfile
def grab(bbox=None, include_layered_windows=False, all_screens=False, xdisplay=None):
if xdisplay is None:
if sys.platform == "darwin":
fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".png")
os.close(fh)
subprocess.call(["screencapture", "-x", filepath])
im = Image.open(filepath)
im.load()
os.unlink(filepath)
if bbox:
im_cropped = im.crop(bbox)
im.close()
return im_cropped
return im
elif sys.platform == "win32":
offset, size, data = Image.core.grabscreen_win32(
include_layered_windows, all_screens
)
im = Image.frombytes(
"RGB",
size,
data,
# RGB, 32-bit line padding, origin lower left corner
"raw",
"BGR",
(size[0] * 3 + 3) & -4,
-1,
)
if bbox:
x0, y0 = offset
left, top, right, bottom = bbox
im = im.crop((left - x0, top - y0, right - x0, bottom - y0))
return im
# use xdisplay=None for default display on non-win32/macOS systems
if not Image.core.HAVE_XCB:
raise OSError("Pillow was built without XCB support")
size, data = Image.core.grabscreen_x11(xdisplay)
im = Image.frombytes("RGB", size, data, "raw", "BGRX", size[0] * 4, 1)
if bbox:
im = im.crop(bbox)
return im
def grabclipboard():
if sys.platform == "darwin":
fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".jpg")
os.close(fh)
commands = [
'set theFile to (open for access POSIX file "'
+ filepath
+ '" with write permission)',
"try",
" write (the clipboard as JPEG picture) to theFile",
"end try",
"close access theFile",
]
script = ["osascript"]
for command in commands:
script += ["-e", command]
subprocess.call(script)
im = None
if os.stat(filepath).st_size != 0:
im = Image.open(filepath)
im.load()
os.unlink(filepath)
return im
elif sys.platform == "win32":
fmt, data = Image.core.grabclipboard_win32()
if fmt == "file": # CF_HDROP
import struct
o = struct.unpack_from("I", data)[0]
if data[16] != 0:
files = data[o:].decode("utf-16le").split("\0")
else:
files = data[o:].decode("mbcs").split("\0")
return files[: files.index("")]
if isinstance(data, bytes):
import io
data = io.BytesIO(data)
if fmt == "png":
from . import PngImagePlugin
return PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(data)
elif fmt == "DIB":
from . import BmpImagePlugin
return BmpImagePlugin.DibImageFile(data)
return None
else:
raise NotImplementedError("ImageGrab.grabclipboard() is macOS and Windows only")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# a simple math add-on for the Python Imaging Library
#
# History:
# 1999-02-15 fl Original PIL Plus release
# 2005-05-05 fl Simplified and cleaned up for PIL 1.1.6
# 2005-09-12 fl Fixed int() and float() for Python 2.4.1
#
# Copyright (c) 1999-2005 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2005 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import builtins
from . import Image, _imagingmath
VERBOSE = 0
def _isconstant(v):
return isinstance(v, (int, float))
class _Operand:
"""Wraps an image operand, providing standard operators"""
def __init__(self, im):
self.im = im
def __fixup(self, im1):
# convert image to suitable mode
if isinstance(im1, _Operand):
# argument was an image.
if im1.im.mode in ("1", "L"):
return im1.im.convert("I")
elif im1.im.mode in ("I", "F"):
return im1.im
else:
raise ValueError(f"unsupported mode: {im1.im.mode}")
else:
# argument was a constant
if _isconstant(im1) and self.im.mode in ("1", "L", "I"):
return Image.new("I", self.im.size, im1)
else:
return Image.new("F", self.im.size, im1)
def apply(self, op, im1, im2=None, mode=None):
im1 = self.__fixup(im1)
if im2 is None:
# unary operation
out = Image.new(mode or im1.mode, im1.size, None)
im1.load()
try:
op = getattr(_imagingmath, op + "_" + im1.mode)
except AttributeError as e:
raise TypeError(f"bad operand type for '{op}'") from e
_imagingmath.unop(op, out.im.id, im1.im.id)
else:
# binary operation
im2 = self.__fixup(im2)
if im1.mode != im2.mode:
# convert both arguments to floating point
if im1.mode != "F":
im1 = im1.convert("F")
if im2.mode != "F":
im2 = im2.convert("F")
if im1.mode != im2.mode:
raise ValueError("mode mismatch")
if im1.size != im2.size:
# crop both arguments to a common size
size = (min(im1.size[0], im2.size[0]), min(im1.size[1], im2.size[1]))
if im1.size != size:
im1 = im1.crop((0, 0) + size)
if im2.size != size:
im2 = im2.crop((0, 0) + size)
out = Image.new(mode or im1.mode, size, None)
else:
out = Image.new(mode or im1.mode, im1.size, None)
im1.load()
im2.load()
try:
op = getattr(_imagingmath, op + "_" + im1.mode)
except AttributeError as e:
raise TypeError(f"bad operand type for '{op}'") from e
_imagingmath.binop(op, out.im.id, im1.im.id, im2.im.id)
return _Operand(out)
# unary operators
def __bool__(self):
# an image is "true" if it contains at least one non-zero pixel
return self.im.getbbox() is not None
def __abs__(self):
return self.apply("abs", self)
def __pos__(self):
return self
def __neg__(self):
return self.apply("neg", self)
# binary operators
def __add__(self, other):
return self.apply("add", self, other)
def __radd__(self, other):
return self.apply("add", other, self)
def __sub__(self, other):
return self.apply("sub", self, other)
def __rsub__(self, other):
return self.apply("sub", other, self)
def __mul__(self, other):
return self.apply("mul", self, other)
def __rmul__(self, other):
return self.apply("mul", other, self)
def __truediv__(self, other):
return self.apply("div", self, other)
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
return self.apply("div", other, self)
def __mod__(self, other):
return self.apply("mod", self, other)
def __rmod__(self, other):
return self.apply("mod", other, self)
def __pow__(self, other):
return self.apply("pow", self, other)
def __rpow__(self, other):
return self.apply("pow", other, self)
# bitwise
def __invert__(self):
return self.apply("invert", self)
def __and__(self, other):
return self.apply("and", self, other)
def __rand__(self, other):
return self.apply("and", other, self)
def __or__(self, other):
return self.apply("or", self, other)
def __ror__(self, other):
return self.apply("or", other, self)
def __xor__(self, other):
return self.apply("xor", self, other)
def __rxor__(self, other):
return self.apply("xor", other, self)
def __lshift__(self, other):
return self.apply("lshift", self, other)
def __rshift__(self, other):
return self.apply("rshift", self, other)
# logical
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.apply("eq", self, other)
def __ne__(self, other):
return self.apply("ne", self, other)
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.apply("lt", self, other)
def __le__(self, other):
return self.apply("le", self, other)
def __gt__(self, other):
return self.apply("gt", self, other)
def __ge__(self, other):
return self.apply("ge", self, other)
# conversions
def imagemath_int(self):
return _Operand(self.im.convert("I"))
def imagemath_float(self):
return _Operand(self.im.convert("F"))
# logical
def imagemath_equal(self, other):
return self.apply("eq", self, other, mode="I")
def imagemath_notequal(self, other):
return self.apply("ne", self, other, mode="I")
def imagemath_min(self, other):
return self.apply("min", self, other)
def imagemath_max(self, other):
return self.apply("max", self, other)
def imagemath_convert(self, mode):
return _Operand(self.im.convert(mode))
ops = {}
for k, v in list(globals().items()):
if k[:10] == "imagemath_":
ops[k[10:]] = v
def eval(expression, _dict={}, **kw):
"""
Evaluates an image expression.
:param expression: A string containing a Python-style expression.
:param options: Values to add to the evaluation context. You
can either use a dictionary, or one or more keyword
arguments.
:return: The evaluated expression. This is usually an image object, but can
also be an integer, a floating point value, or a pixel tuple,
depending on the expression.
"""
# build execution namespace
args = ops.copy()
args.update(_dict)
args.update(kw)
for k, v in list(args.items()):
if hasattr(v, "im"):
args[k] = _Operand(v)
out = builtins.eval(expression, args)
try:
return out.im
except AttributeError:
return out

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# standard mode descriptors
#
# History:
# 2006-03-20 fl Added
#
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
# mode descriptor cache
_modes = None
class ModeDescriptor:
"""Wrapper for mode strings."""
def __init__(self, mode, bands, basemode, basetype):
self.mode = mode
self.bands = bands
self.basemode = basemode
self.basetype = basetype
def __str__(self):
return self.mode
def getmode(mode):
"""Gets a mode descriptor for the given mode."""
global _modes
if not _modes:
# initialize mode cache
modes = {}
for m, (basemode, basetype, bands) in {
# core modes
"1": ("L", "L", ("1",)),
"L": ("L", "L", ("L",)),
"I": ("L", "I", ("I",)),
"F": ("L", "F", ("F",)),
"P": ("P", "L", ("P",)),
"RGB": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B")),
"RGBX": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "X")),
"RGBA": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "A")),
"CMYK": ("RGB", "L", ("C", "M", "Y", "K")),
"YCbCr": ("RGB", "L", ("Y", "Cb", "Cr")),
"LAB": ("RGB", "L", ("L", "A", "B")),
"HSV": ("RGB", "L", ("H", "S", "V")),
# extra experimental modes
"RGBa": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "a")),
"LA": ("L", "L", ("L", "A")),
"La": ("L", "L", ("L", "a")),
"PA": ("RGB", "L", ("P", "A")),
}.items():
modes[m] = ModeDescriptor(m, bands, basemode, basetype)
# mapping modes
for i16mode in (
"I;16",
"I;16S",
"I;16L",
"I;16LS",
"I;16B",
"I;16BS",
"I;16N",
"I;16NS",
):
modes[i16mode] = ModeDescriptor(i16mode, ("I",), "L", "L")
# set global mode cache atomically
_modes = modes
return _modes[mode]

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# A binary morphology add-on for the Python Imaging Library
#
# History:
# 2014-06-04 Initial version.
#
# Copyright (c) 2014 Dov Grobgeld <dov.grobgeld@gmail.com>
import re
from . import Image, _imagingmorph
LUT_SIZE = 1 << 9
# fmt: off
ROTATION_MATRIX = [
6, 3, 0,
7, 4, 1,
8, 5, 2,
]
MIRROR_MATRIX = [
2, 1, 0,
5, 4, 3,
8, 7, 6,
]
# fmt: on
class LutBuilder:
"""A class for building a MorphLut from a descriptive language
The input patterns is a list of a strings sequences like these::
4:(...
.1.
111)->1
(whitespaces including linebreaks are ignored). The option 4
describes a series of symmetry operations (in this case a
4-rotation), the pattern is described by:
- . or X - Ignore
- 1 - Pixel is on
- 0 - Pixel is off
The result of the operation is described after "->" string.
The default is to return the current pixel value, which is
returned if no other match is found.
Operations:
- 4 - 4 way rotation
- N - Negate
- 1 - Dummy op for no other operation (an op must always be given)
- M - Mirroring
Example::
lb = LutBuilder(patterns = ["4:(... .1. 111)->1"])
lut = lb.build_lut()
"""
def __init__(self, patterns=None, op_name=None):
if patterns is not None:
self.patterns = patterns
else:
self.patterns = []
self.lut = None
if op_name is not None:
known_patterns = {
"corner": ["1:(... ... ...)->0", "4:(00. 01. ...)->1"],
"dilation4": ["4:(... .0. .1.)->1"],
"dilation8": ["4:(... .0. .1.)->1", "4:(... .0. ..1)->1"],
"erosion4": ["4:(... .1. .0.)->0"],
"erosion8": ["4:(... .1. .0.)->0", "4:(... .1. ..0)->0"],
"edge": [
"1:(... ... ...)->0",
"4:(.0. .1. ...)->1",
"4:(01. .1. ...)->1",
],
}
if op_name not in known_patterns:
raise Exception("Unknown pattern " + op_name + "!")
self.patterns = known_patterns[op_name]
def add_patterns(self, patterns):
self.patterns += patterns
def build_default_lut(self):
symbols = [0, 1]
m = 1 << 4 # pos of current pixel
self.lut = bytearray(symbols[(i & m) > 0] for i in range(LUT_SIZE))
def get_lut(self):
return self.lut
def _string_permute(self, pattern, permutation):
"""string_permute takes a pattern and a permutation and returns the
string permuted according to the permutation list.
"""
assert len(permutation) == 9
return "".join(pattern[p] for p in permutation)
def _pattern_permute(self, basic_pattern, options, basic_result):
"""pattern_permute takes a basic pattern and its result and clones
the pattern according to the modifications described in the $options
parameter. It returns a list of all cloned patterns."""
patterns = [(basic_pattern, basic_result)]
# rotations
if "4" in options:
res = patterns[-1][1]
for i in range(4):
patterns.append(
(self._string_permute(patterns[-1][0], ROTATION_MATRIX), res)
)
# mirror
if "M" in options:
n = len(patterns)
for pattern, res in patterns[0:n]:
patterns.append((self._string_permute(pattern, MIRROR_MATRIX), res))
# negate
if "N" in options:
n = len(patterns)
for pattern, res in patterns[0:n]:
# Swap 0 and 1
pattern = pattern.replace("0", "Z").replace("1", "0").replace("Z", "1")
res = 1 - int(res)
patterns.append((pattern, res))
return patterns
def build_lut(self):
"""Compile all patterns into a morphology lut.
TBD :Build based on (file) morphlut:modify_lut
"""
self.build_default_lut()
patterns = []
# Parse and create symmetries of the patterns strings
for p in self.patterns:
m = re.search(r"(\w*):?\s*\((.+?)\)\s*->\s*(\d)", p.replace("\n", ""))
if not m:
raise Exception('Syntax error in pattern "' + p + '"')
options = m.group(1)
pattern = m.group(2)
result = int(m.group(3))
# Get rid of spaces
pattern = pattern.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", "")
patterns += self._pattern_permute(pattern, options, result)
# compile the patterns into regular expressions for speed
for i, pattern in enumerate(patterns):
p = pattern[0].replace(".", "X").replace("X", "[01]")
p = re.compile(p)
patterns[i] = (p, pattern[1])
# Step through table and find patterns that match.
# Note that all the patterns are searched. The last one
# caught overrides
for i in range(LUT_SIZE):
# Build the bit pattern
bitpattern = bin(i)[2:]
bitpattern = ("0" * (9 - len(bitpattern)) + bitpattern)[::-1]
for p, r in patterns:
if p.match(bitpattern):
self.lut[i] = [0, 1][r]
return self.lut
class MorphOp:
"""A class for binary morphological operators"""
def __init__(self, lut=None, op_name=None, patterns=None):
"""Create a binary morphological operator"""
self.lut = lut
if op_name is not None:
self.lut = LutBuilder(op_name=op_name).build_lut()
elif patterns is not None:
self.lut = LutBuilder(patterns=patterns).build_lut()
def apply(self, image):
"""Run a single morphological operation on an image
Returns a tuple of the number of changed pixels and the
morphed image"""
if self.lut is None:
raise Exception("No operator loaded")
if image.mode != "L":
raise ValueError("Image mode must be L")
outimage = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, None)
count = _imagingmorph.apply(bytes(self.lut), image.im.id, outimage.im.id)
return count, outimage
def match(self, image):
"""Get a list of coordinates matching the morphological operation on
an image.
Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates
of all matching pixels. See :ref:`coordinate-system`."""
if self.lut is None:
raise Exception("No operator loaded")
if image.mode != "L":
raise ValueError("Image mode must be L")
return _imagingmorph.match(bytes(self.lut), image.im.id)
def get_on_pixels(self, image):
"""Get a list of all turned on pixels in a binary image
Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates
of all matching pixels. See :ref:`coordinate-system`."""
if image.mode != "L":
raise ValueError("Image mode must be L")
return _imagingmorph.get_on_pixels(image.im.id)
def load_lut(self, filename):
"""Load an operator from an mrl file"""
with open(filename, "rb") as f:
self.lut = bytearray(f.read())
if len(self.lut) != LUT_SIZE:
self.lut = None
raise Exception("Wrong size operator file!")
def save_lut(self, filename):
"""Save an operator to an mrl file"""
if self.lut is None:
raise Exception("No operator loaded")
with open(filename, "wb") as f:
f.write(self.lut)
def set_lut(self, lut):
"""Set the lut from an external source"""
self.lut = lut

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# standard image operations
#
# History:
# 2001-10-20 fl Created
# 2001-10-23 fl Added autocontrast operator
# 2001-12-18 fl Added Kevin's fit operator
# 2004-03-14 fl Fixed potential division by zero in equalize
# 2005-05-05 fl Fixed equalize for low number of values
#
# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import functools
import operator
import re
from . import Image, ImageDraw
#
# helpers
def _border(border):
if isinstance(border, tuple):
if len(border) == 2:
left, top = right, bottom = border
elif len(border) == 4:
left, top, right, bottom = border
else:
left = top = right = bottom = border
return left, top, right, bottom
def _color(color, mode):
if isinstance(color, str):
from . import ImageColor
color = ImageColor.getcolor(color, mode)
return color
def _lut(image, lut):
if image.mode == "P":
# FIXME: apply to lookup table, not image data
raise NotImplementedError("mode P support coming soon")
elif image.mode in ("L", "RGB"):
if image.mode == "RGB" and len(lut) == 256:
lut = lut + lut + lut
return image.point(lut)
else:
raise OSError("not supported for this image mode")
#
# actions
def autocontrast(image, cutoff=0, ignore=None, mask=None, preserve_tone=False):
"""
Maximize (normalize) image contrast. This function calculates a
histogram of the input image (or mask region), removes ``cutoff`` percent of the
lightest and darkest pixels from the histogram, and remaps the image
so that the darkest pixel becomes black (0), and the lightest
becomes white (255).
:param image: The image to process.
:param cutoff: The percent to cut off from the histogram on the low and
high ends. Either a tuple of (low, high), or a single
number for both.
:param ignore: The background pixel value (use None for no background).
:param mask: Histogram used in contrast operation is computed using pixels
within the mask. If no mask is given the entire image is used
for histogram computation.
:param preserve_tone: Preserve image tone in Photoshop-like style autocontrast.
.. versionadded:: 8.2.0
:return: An image.
"""
if preserve_tone:
histogram = image.convert("L").histogram(mask)
else:
histogram = image.histogram(mask)
lut = []
for layer in range(0, len(histogram), 256):
h = histogram[layer : layer + 256]
if ignore is not None:
# get rid of outliers
try:
h[ignore] = 0
except TypeError:
# assume sequence
for ix in ignore:
h[ix] = 0
if cutoff:
# cut off pixels from both ends of the histogram
if not isinstance(cutoff, tuple):
cutoff = (cutoff, cutoff)
# get number of pixels
n = 0
for ix in range(256):
n = n + h[ix]
# remove cutoff% pixels from the low end
cut = n * cutoff[0] // 100
for lo in range(256):
if cut > h[lo]:
cut = cut - h[lo]
h[lo] = 0
else:
h[lo] -= cut
cut = 0
if cut <= 0:
break
# remove cutoff% samples from the high end
cut = n * cutoff[1] // 100
for hi in range(255, -1, -1):
if cut > h[hi]:
cut = cut - h[hi]
h[hi] = 0
else:
h[hi] -= cut
cut = 0
if cut <= 0:
break
# find lowest/highest samples after preprocessing
for lo in range(256):
if h[lo]:
break
for hi in range(255, -1, -1):
if h[hi]:
break
if hi <= lo:
# don't bother
lut.extend(list(range(256)))
else:
scale = 255.0 / (hi - lo)
offset = -lo * scale
for ix in range(256):
ix = int(ix * scale + offset)
if ix < 0:
ix = 0
elif ix > 255:
ix = 255
lut.append(ix)
return _lut(image, lut)
def colorize(image, black, white, mid=None, blackpoint=0, whitepoint=255, midpoint=127):
"""
Colorize grayscale image.
This function calculates a color wedge which maps all black pixels in
the source image to the first color and all white pixels to the
second color. If ``mid`` is specified, it uses three-color mapping.
The ``black`` and ``white`` arguments should be RGB tuples or color names;
optionally you can use three-color mapping by also specifying ``mid``.
Mapping positions for any of the colors can be specified
(e.g. ``blackpoint``), where these parameters are the integer
value corresponding to where the corresponding color should be mapped.
These parameters must have logical order, such that
``blackpoint <= midpoint <= whitepoint`` (if ``mid`` is specified).
:param image: The image to colorize.
:param black: The color to use for black input pixels.
:param white: The color to use for white input pixels.
:param mid: The color to use for midtone input pixels.
:param blackpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the black mapping.
:param whitepoint: an int value [0, 255] for the white mapping.
:param midpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the midtone mapping.
:return: An image.
"""
# Initial asserts
assert image.mode == "L"
if mid is None:
assert 0 <= blackpoint <= whitepoint <= 255
else:
assert 0 <= blackpoint <= midpoint <= whitepoint <= 255
# Define colors from arguments
black = _color(black, "RGB")
white = _color(white, "RGB")
if mid is not None:
mid = _color(mid, "RGB")
# Empty lists for the mapping
red = []
green = []
blue = []
# Create the low-end values
for i in range(0, blackpoint):
red.append(black[0])
green.append(black[1])
blue.append(black[2])
# Create the mapping (2-color)
if mid is None:
range_map = range(0, whitepoint - blackpoint)
for i in range_map:
red.append(black[0] + i * (white[0] - black[0]) // len(range_map))
green.append(black[1] + i * (white[1] - black[1]) // len(range_map))
blue.append(black[2] + i * (white[2] - black[2]) // len(range_map))
# Create the mapping (3-color)
else:
range_map1 = range(0, midpoint - blackpoint)
range_map2 = range(0, whitepoint - midpoint)
for i in range_map1:
red.append(black[0] + i * (mid[0] - black[0]) // len(range_map1))
green.append(black[1] + i * (mid[1] - black[1]) // len(range_map1))
blue.append(black[2] + i * (mid[2] - black[2]) // len(range_map1))
for i in range_map2:
red.append(mid[0] + i * (white[0] - mid[0]) // len(range_map2))
green.append(mid[1] + i * (white[1] - mid[1]) // len(range_map2))
blue.append(mid[2] + i * (white[2] - mid[2]) // len(range_map2))
# Create the high-end values
for i in range(0, 256 - whitepoint):
red.append(white[0])
green.append(white[1])
blue.append(white[2])
# Return converted image
image = image.convert("RGB")
return _lut(image, red + green + blue)
def contain(image, size, method=Image.BICUBIC):
"""
Returns a resized version of the image, set to the maximum width and height
within the requested size, while maintaining the original aspect ratio.
:param image: The image to resize and crop.
:param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a
(width, height) tuple.
:param method: Resampling method to use. Default is
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
:return: An image.
"""
im_ratio = image.width / image.height
dest_ratio = size[0] / size[1]
if im_ratio != dest_ratio:
if im_ratio > dest_ratio:
new_height = int(image.height / image.width * size[0])
if new_height != size[1]:
size = (size[0], new_height)
else:
new_width = int(image.width / image.height * size[1])
if new_width != size[0]:
size = (new_width, size[1])
return image.resize(size, resample=method)
def pad(image, size, method=Image.BICUBIC, color=None, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
"""
Returns a resized and padded version of the image, expanded to fill the
requested aspect ratio and size.
:param image: The image to resize and crop.
:param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a
(width, height) tuple.
:param method: Resampling method to use. Default is
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
:param color: The background color of the padded image.
:param centering: Control the position of the original image within the
padded version.
(0.5, 0.5) will keep the image centered
(0, 0) will keep the image aligned to the top left
(1, 1) will keep the image aligned to the bottom
right
:return: An image.
"""
resized = contain(image, size, method)
if resized.size == size:
out = resized
else:
out = Image.new(image.mode, size, color)
if resized.width != size[0]:
x = int((size[0] - resized.width) * max(0, min(centering[0], 1)))
out.paste(resized, (x, 0))
else:
y = int((size[1] - resized.height) * max(0, min(centering[1], 1)))
out.paste(resized, (0, y))
return out
def crop(image, border=0):
"""
Remove border from image. The same amount of pixels are removed
from all four sides. This function works on all image modes.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.crop`
:param image: The image to crop.
:param border: The number of pixels to remove.
:return: An image.
"""
left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
return image.crop((left, top, image.size[0] - right, image.size[1] - bottom))
def scale(image, factor, resample=Image.BICUBIC):
"""
Returns a rescaled image by a specific factor given in parameter.
A factor greater than 1 expands the image, between 0 and 1 contracts the
image.
:param image: The image to rescale.
:param factor: The expansion factor, as a float.
:param resample: Resampling method to use. Default is
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if factor == 1:
return image.copy()
elif factor <= 0:
raise ValueError("the factor must be greater than 0")
else:
size = (round(factor * image.width), round(factor * image.height))
return image.resize(size, resample)
def deform(image, deformer, resample=Image.BILINEAR):
"""
Deform the image.
:param image: The image to deform.
:param deformer: A deformer object. Any object that implements a
``getmesh`` method can be used.
:param resample: An optional resampling filter. Same values possible as
in the PIL.Image.transform function.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.transform(image.size, Image.MESH, deformer.getmesh(image), resample)
def equalize(image, mask=None):
"""
Equalize the image histogram. This function applies a non-linear
mapping to the input image, in order to create a uniform
distribution of grayscale values in the output image.
:param image: The image to equalize.
:param mask: An optional mask. If given, only the pixels selected by
the mask are included in the analysis.
:return: An image.
"""
if image.mode == "P":
image = image.convert("RGB")
h = image.histogram(mask)
lut = []
for b in range(0, len(h), 256):
histo = [_f for _f in h[b : b + 256] if _f]
if len(histo) <= 1:
lut.extend(list(range(256)))
else:
step = (functools.reduce(operator.add, histo) - histo[-1]) // 255
if not step:
lut.extend(list(range(256)))
else:
n = step // 2
for i in range(256):
lut.append(n // step)
n = n + h[i + b]
return _lut(image, lut)
def expand(image, border=0, fill=0):
"""
Add border to the image
:param image: The image to expand.
:param border: Border width, in pixels.
:param fill: Pixel fill value (a color value). Default is 0 (black).
:return: An image.
"""
left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
width = left + image.size[0] + right
height = top + image.size[1] + bottom
color = _color(fill, image.mode)
if image.mode == "P" and image.palette:
out = Image.new(image.mode, (width, height))
out.putpalette(image.palette)
out.paste(image, (left, top))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(out)
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width - 1, height - 1), outline=color, width=border)
else:
out = Image.new(image.mode, (width, height), color)
out.paste(image, (left, top))
return out
def fit(image, size, method=Image.BICUBIC, bleed=0.0, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
"""
Returns a resized and cropped version of the image, cropped to the
requested aspect ratio and size.
This function was contributed by Kevin Cazabon.
:param image: The image to resize and crop.
:param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a
(width, height) tuple.
:param method: Resampling method to use. Default is
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
:param bleed: Remove a border around the outside of the image from all
four edges. The value is a decimal percentage (use 0.01 for
one percent). The default value is 0 (no border).
Cannot be greater than or equal to 0.5.
:param centering: Control the cropping position. Use (0.5, 0.5) for
center cropping (e.g. if cropping the width, take 50% off
of the left side, and therefore 50% off the right side).
(0.0, 0.0) will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if
cropping the width, take all of the crop off of the right
side, and if cropping the height, take all of it off the
bottom). (1.0, 0.0) will crop from the bottom left
corner, etc. (i.e. if cropping the width, take all of the
crop off the left side, and if cropping the height take
none from the top, and therefore all off the bottom).
:return: An image.
"""
# by Kevin Cazabon, Feb 17/2000
# kevin@cazabon.com
# http://www.cazabon.com
# ensure centering is mutable
centering = list(centering)
if not 0.0 <= centering[0] <= 1.0:
centering[0] = 0.5
if not 0.0 <= centering[1] <= 1.0:
centering[1] = 0.5
if not 0.0 <= bleed < 0.5:
bleed = 0.0
# calculate the area to use for resizing and cropping, subtracting
# the 'bleed' around the edges
# number of pixels to trim off on Top and Bottom, Left and Right
bleed_pixels = (bleed * image.size[0], bleed * image.size[1])
live_size = (
image.size[0] - bleed_pixels[0] * 2,
image.size[1] - bleed_pixels[1] * 2,
)
# calculate the aspect ratio of the live_size
live_size_ratio = live_size[0] / live_size[1]
# calculate the aspect ratio of the output image
output_ratio = size[0] / size[1]
# figure out if the sides or top/bottom will be cropped off
if live_size_ratio == output_ratio:
# live_size is already the needed ratio
crop_width = live_size[0]
crop_height = live_size[1]
elif live_size_ratio >= output_ratio:
# live_size is wider than what's needed, crop the sides
crop_width = output_ratio * live_size[1]
crop_height = live_size[1]
else:
# live_size is taller than what's needed, crop the top and bottom
crop_width = live_size[0]
crop_height = live_size[0] / output_ratio
# make the crop
crop_left = bleed_pixels[0] + (live_size[0] - crop_width) * centering[0]
crop_top = bleed_pixels[1] + (live_size[1] - crop_height) * centering[1]
crop = (crop_left, crop_top, crop_left + crop_width, crop_top + crop_height)
# resize the image and return it
return image.resize(size, method, box=crop)
def flip(image):
"""
Flip the image vertically (top to bottom).
:param image: The image to flip.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
def grayscale(image):
"""
Convert the image to grayscale.
:param image: The image to convert.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.convert("L")
def invert(image):
"""
Invert (negate) the image.
:param image: The image to invert.
:return: An image.
"""
lut = []
for i in range(256):
lut.append(255 - i)
return _lut(image, lut)
def mirror(image):
"""
Flip image horizontally (left to right).
:param image: The image to mirror.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
def posterize(image, bits):
"""
Reduce the number of bits for each color channel.
:param image: The image to posterize.
:param bits: The number of bits to keep for each channel (1-8).
:return: An image.
"""
lut = []
mask = ~(2 ** (8 - bits) - 1)
for i in range(256):
lut.append(i & mask)
return _lut(image, lut)
def solarize(image, threshold=128):
"""
Invert all pixel values above a threshold.
:param image: The image to solarize.
:param threshold: All pixels above this greyscale level are inverted.
:return: An image.
"""
lut = []
for i in range(256):
if i < threshold:
lut.append(i)
else:
lut.append(255 - i)
return _lut(image, lut)
def exif_transpose(image):
"""
If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, return a new image that is
transposed accordingly. Otherwise, return a copy of the image.
:param image: The image to transpose.
:return: An image.
"""
exif = image.getexif()
orientation = exif.get(0x0112)
method = {
2: Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,
3: Image.ROTATE_180,
4: Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,
5: Image.TRANSPOSE,
6: Image.ROTATE_270,
7: Image.TRANSVERSE,
8: Image.ROTATE_90,
}.get(orientation)
if method is not None:
transposed_image = image.transpose(method)
transposed_exif = transposed_image.getexif()
if 0x0112 in transposed_exif:
del transposed_exif[0x0112]
if "exif" in transposed_image.info:
transposed_image.info["exif"] = transposed_exif.tobytes()
elif "Raw profile type exif" in transposed_image.info:
transposed_image.info[
"Raw profile type exif"
] = transposed_exif.tobytes().hex()
elif "XML:com.adobe.xmp" in transposed_image.info:
transposed_image.info["XML:com.adobe.xmp"] = re.sub(
r'tiff:Orientation="([0-9])"',
"",
transposed_image.info["XML:com.adobe.xmp"],
)
return transposed_image
return image.copy()

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image palette object
#
# History:
# 1996-03-11 fl Rewritten.
# 1997-01-03 fl Up and running.
# 1997-08-23 fl Added load hack
# 2001-04-16 fl Fixed randint shadow bug in random()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import array
from . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile
class ImagePalette:
"""
Color palette for palette mapped images
:param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:
:ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to "RGB"
:param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,
an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``
times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned
by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G
and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.
:param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to
or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.
"""
def __init__(self, mode="RGB", palette=None, size=0):
self.mode = mode
self.rawmode = None # if set, palette contains raw data
self.palette = palette or bytearray()
self.dirty = None
if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):
raise ValueError("wrong palette size")
@property
def palette(self):
return self._palette
@palette.setter
def palette(self, palette):
self._palette = palette
mode_len = len(self.mode)
self.colors = {}
for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):
color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])
if color in self.colors:
continue
self.colors[color] = i // mode_len
def copy(self):
new = ImagePalette()
new.mode = self.mode
new.rawmode = self.rawmode
if self.palette is not None:
new.palette = self.palette[:]
new.dirty = self.dirty
return new
def getdata(self):
"""
Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level
``im.putpalette`` primitive.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
return self.rawmode, self.palette
return self.mode, self.tobytes()
def tobytes(self):
"""Convert palette to bytes.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):
return self.palette
arr = array.array("B", self.palette)
return arr.tobytes()
# Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes
tostring = tobytes
def getcolor(self, color, image=None):
"""Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
if isinstance(color, tuple):
if self.mode == "RGB":
if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:
color = color[:3]
elif self.mode == "RGBA":
if len(color) == 3:
color += (255,)
try:
return self.colors[color]
except KeyError as e:
# allocate new color slot
if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):
self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)
index = len(self.palette) // 3
special_colors = ()
if image:
special_colors = (
image.info.get("background"),
image.info.get("transparency"),
)
while index in special_colors:
index += 1
if index >= 256:
if image:
# Search for an unused index
for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):
if count == 0 and i not in special_colors:
index = i
break
if index >= 256:
raise ValueError("cannot allocate more than 256 colors") from e
self.colors[color] = index
if index * 3 < len(self.palette):
self._palette = (
self.palette[: index * 3]
+ bytes(color)
+ self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]
)
else:
self._palette += bytes(color)
self.dirty = 1
return index
else:
raise ValueError(f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}")
def save(self, fp):
"""Save palette to text file.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
if isinstance(fp, str):
fp = open(fp, "w")
fp.write("# Palette\n")
fp.write(f"# Mode: {self.mode}\n")
for i in range(256):
fp.write(f"{i}")
for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):
try:
fp.write(f" {self.palette[j]}")
except IndexError:
fp.write(" 0")
fp.write("\n")
fp.close()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Internal
def raw(rawmode, data):
palette = ImagePalette()
palette.rawmode = rawmode
palette.palette = data
palette.dirty = 1
return palette
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Factories
def make_linear_lut(black, white):
lut = []
if black == 0:
for i in range(256):
lut.append(white * i // 255)
else:
raise NotImplementedError # FIXME
return lut
def make_gamma_lut(exp):
lut = []
for i in range(256):
lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))
return lut
def negative(mode="RGB"):
palette = list(range(256))
palette.reverse()
return ImagePalette(mode, palette * len(mode))
def random(mode="RGB"):
from random import randint
palette = []
for i in range(256 * len(mode)):
palette.append(randint(0, 255))
return ImagePalette(mode, palette)
def sepia(white="#fff0c0"):
r, g, b = ImageColor.getrgb(white)
r = make_linear_lut(0, r)
g = make_linear_lut(0, g)
b = make_linear_lut(0, b)
return ImagePalette("RGB", r + g + b)
def wedge(mode="RGB"):
return ImagePalette(mode, list(range(256)) * len(mode))
def load(filename):
# FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only
with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
for paletteHandler in [
GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,
GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,
PaletteFile.PaletteFile,
]:
try:
fp.seek(0)
lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()
if lut:
break
except (SyntaxError, ValueError):
# import traceback
# traceback.print_exc()
pass
else:
raise OSError("cannot load palette")
return lut # data, rawmode

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# path interface
#
# History:
# 1996-11-04 fl Created
# 2002-04-14 fl Added documentation stub class
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image
Path = Image.core.path

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# a simple Qt image interface.
#
# history:
# 2006-06-03 fl: created
# 2006-06-04 fl: inherit from QImage instead of wrapping it
# 2006-06-05 fl: removed toimage helper; move string support to ImageQt
# 2013-11-13 fl: add support for Qt5 (aurelien.ballier@cyclonit.com)
#
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import sys
from io import BytesIO
from . import Image
from ._util import isPath
qt_versions = [
["6", "PyQt6"],
["side6", "PySide6"],
["5", "PyQt5"],
["side2", "PySide2"],
]
# If a version has already been imported, attempt it first
qt_versions.sort(key=lambda qt_version: qt_version[1] in sys.modules, reverse=True)
for qt_version, qt_module in qt_versions:
try:
if qt_module == "PyQt6":
from PyQt6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
elif qt_module == "PySide6":
from PySide6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
elif qt_module == "PyQt5":
from PyQt5.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
from PyQt5.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
elif qt_module == "PySide2":
from PySide2.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
from PySide2.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
continue
qt_is_installed = True
break
else:
qt_is_installed = False
qt_version = None
def rgb(r, g, b, a=255):
"""(Internal) Turns an RGB color into a Qt compatible color integer."""
# use qRgb to pack the colors, and then turn the resulting long
# into a negative integer with the same bitpattern.
return qRgba(r, g, b, a) & 0xFFFFFFFF
def fromqimage(im):
"""
:param im: QImage or PIL ImageQt object
"""
buffer = QBuffer()
qt_openmode = QIODevice.OpenMode if qt_version == "6" else QIODevice
buffer.open(qt_openmode.ReadWrite)
# preserve alpha channel with png
# otherwise ppm is more friendly with Image.open
if im.hasAlphaChannel():
im.save(buffer, "png")
else:
im.save(buffer, "ppm")
b = BytesIO()
b.write(buffer.data())
buffer.close()
b.seek(0)
return Image.open(b)
def fromqpixmap(im):
return fromqimage(im)
# buffer = QBuffer()
# buffer.open(QIODevice.ReadWrite)
# # im.save(buffer)
# # What if png doesn't support some image features like animation?
# im.save(buffer, 'ppm')
# bytes_io = BytesIO()
# bytes_io.write(buffer.data())
# buffer.close()
# bytes_io.seek(0)
# return Image.open(bytes_io)
def align8to32(bytes, width, mode):
"""
converts each scanline of data from 8 bit to 32 bit aligned
"""
bits_per_pixel = {"1": 1, "L": 8, "P": 8}[mode]
# calculate bytes per line and the extra padding if needed
bits_per_line = bits_per_pixel * width
full_bytes_per_line, remaining_bits_per_line = divmod(bits_per_line, 8)
bytes_per_line = full_bytes_per_line + (1 if remaining_bits_per_line else 0)
extra_padding = -bytes_per_line % 4
# already 32 bit aligned by luck
if not extra_padding:
return bytes
new_data = []
for i in range(len(bytes) // bytes_per_line):
new_data.append(
bytes[i * bytes_per_line : (i + 1) * bytes_per_line]
+ b"\x00" * extra_padding
)
return b"".join(new_data)
def _toqclass_helper(im):
data = None
colortable = None
exclusive_fp = False
# handle filename, if given instead of image name
if hasattr(im, "toUtf8"):
# FIXME - is this really the best way to do this?
im = str(im.toUtf8(), "utf-8")
if isPath(im):
im = Image.open(im)
exclusive_fp = True
qt_format = QImage.Format if qt_version == "6" else QImage
if im.mode == "1":
format = qt_format.Format_Mono
elif im.mode == "L":
format = qt_format.Format_Indexed8
colortable = []
for i in range(256):
colortable.append(rgb(i, i, i))
elif im.mode == "P":
format = qt_format.Format_Indexed8
colortable = []
palette = im.getpalette()
for i in range(0, len(palette), 3):
colortable.append(rgb(*palette[i : i + 3]))
elif im.mode == "RGB":
# Populate the 4th channel with 255
im = im.convert("RGBA")
data = im.tobytes("raw", "BGRA")
format = qt_format.Format_RGB32
elif im.mode == "RGBA":
data = im.tobytes("raw", "BGRA")
format = qt_format.Format_ARGB32
else:
if exclusive_fp:
im.close()
raise ValueError(f"unsupported image mode {repr(im.mode)}")
size = im.size
__data = data or align8to32(im.tobytes(), size[0], im.mode)
if exclusive_fp:
im.close()
return {"data": __data, "size": size, "format": format, "colortable": colortable}
if qt_is_installed:
class ImageQt(QImage):
def __init__(self, im):
"""
An PIL image wrapper for Qt. This is a subclass of PyQt's QImage
class.
:param im: A PIL Image object, or a file name (given either as
Python string or a PyQt string object).
"""
im_data = _toqclass_helper(im)
# must keep a reference, or Qt will crash!
# All QImage constructors that take data operate on an existing
# buffer, so this buffer has to hang on for the life of the image.
# Fixes https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1370
self.__data = im_data["data"]
super().__init__(
self.__data,
im_data["size"][0],
im_data["size"][1],
im_data["format"],
)
if im_data["colortable"]:
self.setColorTable(im_data["colortable"])
def toqimage(im):
return ImageQt(im)
def toqpixmap(im):
# # This doesn't work. For now using a dumb approach.
# im_data = _toqclass_helper(im)
# result = QPixmap(im_data["size"][0], im_data["size"][1])
# result.loadFromData(im_data["data"])
qimage = toqimage(im)
return QPixmap.fromImage(qimage)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# sequence support classes
#
# history:
# 1997-02-20 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
##
class Iterator:
"""
This class implements an iterator object that can be used to loop
over an image sequence.
You can use the ``[]`` operator to access elements by index. This operator
will raise an :py:exc:`IndexError` if you try to access a nonexistent
frame.
:param im: An image object.
"""
def __init__(self, im):
if not hasattr(im, "seek"):
raise AttributeError("im must have seek method")
self.im = im
self.position = getattr(self.im, "_min_frame", 0)
def __getitem__(self, ix):
try:
self.im.seek(ix)
return self.im
except EOFError as e:
raise IndexError from e # end of sequence
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
try:
self.im.seek(self.position)
self.position += 1
return self.im
except EOFError as e:
raise StopIteration from e
def all_frames(im, func=None):
"""
Applies a given function to all frames in an image or a list of images.
The frames are returned as a list of separate images.
:param im: An image, or a list of images.
:param func: The function to apply to all of the image frames.
:returns: A list of images.
"""
if not isinstance(im, list):
im = [im]
ims = []
for imSequence in im:
current = imSequence.tell()
ims += [im_frame.copy() for im_frame in Iterator(imSequence)]
imSequence.seek(current)
return [func(im) for im in ims] if func else ims

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# im.show() drivers
#
# History:
# 2008-04-06 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 2008.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from shlex import quote
from PIL import Image
_viewers = []
def register(viewer, order=1):
"""
The :py:func:`register` function is used to register additional viewers.
:param viewer: The viewer to be registered.
:param order:
Zero or a negative integer to prepend this viewer to the list,
a positive integer to append it.
"""
try:
if issubclass(viewer, Viewer):
viewer = viewer()
except TypeError:
pass # raised if viewer wasn't a class
if order > 0:
_viewers.append(viewer)
else:
_viewers.insert(0, viewer)
def show(image, title=None, **options):
r"""
Display a given image.
:param image: An image object.
:param title: Optional title. Not all viewers can display the title.
:param \**options: Additional viewer options.
:returns: ``True`` if a suitable viewer was found, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
for viewer in _viewers:
if viewer.show(image, title=title, **options):
return 1
return 0
class Viewer:
"""Base class for viewers."""
# main api
def show(self, image, **options):
"""
The main function for displaying an image.
Converts the given image to the target format and displays it.
"""
if not (
image.mode in ("1", "RGBA")
or (self.format == "PNG" and image.mode in ("I;16", "LA"))
):
base = Image.getmodebase(image.mode)
if image.mode != base:
image = image.convert(base)
return self.show_image(image, **options)
# hook methods
format = None
"""The format to convert the image into."""
options = {}
"""Additional options used to convert the image."""
def get_format(self, image):
"""Return format name, or ``None`` to save as PGM/PPM."""
return self.format
def get_command(self, file, **options):
"""
Returns the command used to display the file.
Not implemented in the base class.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def save_image(self, image):
"""Save to temporary file and return filename."""
return image._dump(format=self.get_format(image), **self.options)
def show_image(self, image, **options):
"""Display the given image."""
return self.show_file(self.save_image(image), **options)
def show_file(self, file, **options):
"""Display the given file."""
os.system(self.get_command(file, **options))
return 1
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
class WindowsViewer(Viewer):
"""The default viewer on Windows is the default system application for PNG files."""
format = "PNG"
options = {"compress_level": 1}
def get_command(self, file, **options):
return (
f'start "Pillow" /WAIT "{file}" '
"&& ping -n 2 127.0.0.1 >NUL "
f'&& del /f "{file}"'
)
if sys.platform == "win32":
register(WindowsViewer)
class MacViewer(Viewer):
"""The default viewer on MacOS using ``Preview.app``."""
format = "PNG"
options = {"compress_level": 1}
def get_command(self, file, **options):
# on darwin open returns immediately resulting in the temp
# file removal while app is opening
command = "open -a Preview.app"
command = f"({command} {quote(file)}; sleep 20; rm -f {quote(file)})&"
return command
def show_file(self, file, **options):
"""Display given file"""
fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as f:
f.write(file)
with open(path) as f:
subprocess.Popen(
["im=$(cat); open -a Preview.app $im; sleep 20; rm -f $im"],
shell=True,
stdin=f,
)
os.remove(path)
return 1
if sys.platform == "darwin":
register(MacViewer)
class UnixViewer(Viewer):
format = "PNG"
options = {"compress_level": 1}
def get_command(self, file, **options):
command = self.get_command_ex(file, **options)[0]
return f"({command} {quote(file)}; rm -f {quote(file)})&"
def show_file(self, file, **options):
"""Display given file"""
fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as f:
f.write(file)
with open(path) as f:
command = self.get_command_ex(file, **options)[0]
subprocess.Popen(
["im=$(cat);" + command + " $im; rm -f $im"], shell=True, stdin=f
)
os.remove(path)
return 1
class DisplayViewer(UnixViewer):
"""The ImageMagick ``display`` command."""
def get_command_ex(self, file, **options):
command = executable = "display"
return command, executable
class GmDisplayViewer(UnixViewer):
"""The GraphicsMagick ``gm display`` command."""
def get_command_ex(self, file, **options):
executable = "gm"
command = "gm display"
return command, executable
class EogViewer(UnixViewer):
"""The GNOME Image Viewer ``eog`` command."""
def get_command_ex(self, file, **options):
executable = "eog"
command = "eog -n"
return command, executable
class XVViewer(UnixViewer):
"""
The X Viewer ``xv`` command.
This viewer supports the ``title`` parameter.
"""
def get_command_ex(self, file, title=None, **options):
# note: xv is pretty outdated. most modern systems have
# imagemagick's display command instead.
command = executable = "xv"
if title:
command += f" -name {quote(title)}"
return command, executable
if sys.platform not in ("win32", "darwin"): # unixoids
if shutil.which("display"):
register(DisplayViewer)
if shutil.which("gm"):
register(GmDisplayViewer)
if shutil.which("eog"):
register(EogViewer)
if shutil.which("xv"):
register(XVViewer)
class IPythonViewer(Viewer):
"""The viewer for IPython frontends."""
def show_image(self, image, **options):
ipython_display(image)
return 1
try:
from IPython.display import display as ipython_display
except ImportError:
pass
else:
register(IPythonViewer)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print("Syntax: python3 ImageShow.py imagefile [title]")
sys.exit()
with Image.open(sys.argv[1]) as im:
print(show(im, *sys.argv[2:]))

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# global image statistics
#
# History:
# 1996-04-05 fl Created
# 1997-05-21 fl Added mask; added rms, var, stddev attributes
# 1997-08-05 fl Added median
# 1998-07-05 hk Fixed integer overflow error
#
# Notes:
# This class shows how to implement delayed evaluation of attributes.
# To get a certain value, simply access the corresponding attribute.
# The __getattr__ dispatcher takes care of the rest.
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996-97.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import functools
import math
import operator
class Stat:
def __init__(self, image_or_list, mask=None):
try:
if mask:
self.h = image_or_list.histogram(mask)
else:
self.h = image_or_list.histogram()
except AttributeError:
self.h = image_or_list # assume it to be a histogram list
if not isinstance(self.h, list):
raise TypeError("first argument must be image or list")
self.bands = list(range(len(self.h) // 256))
def __getattr__(self, id):
"""Calculate missing attribute"""
if id[:4] == "_get":
raise AttributeError(id)
# calculate missing attribute
v = getattr(self, "_get" + id)()
setattr(self, id, v)
return v
def _getextrema(self):
"""Get min/max values for each band in the image"""
def minmax(histogram):
n = 255
x = 0
for i in range(256):
if histogram[i]:
n = min(n, i)
x = max(x, i)
return n, x # returns (255, 0) if there's no data in the histogram
v = []
for i in range(0, len(self.h), 256):
v.append(minmax(self.h[i:]))
return v
def _getcount(self):
"""Get total number of pixels in each layer"""
v = []
for i in range(0, len(self.h), 256):
v.append(functools.reduce(operator.add, self.h[i : i + 256]))
return v
def _getsum(self):
"""Get sum of all pixels in each layer"""
v = []
for i in range(0, len(self.h), 256):
layerSum = 0.0
for j in range(256):
layerSum += j * self.h[i + j]
v.append(layerSum)
return v
def _getsum2(self):
"""Get squared sum of all pixels in each layer"""
v = []
for i in range(0, len(self.h), 256):
sum2 = 0.0
for j in range(256):
sum2 += (j ** 2) * float(self.h[i + j])
v.append(sum2)
return v
def _getmean(self):
"""Get average pixel level for each layer"""
v = []
for i in self.bands:
v.append(self.sum[i] / self.count[i])
return v
def _getmedian(self):
"""Get median pixel level for each layer"""
v = []
for i in self.bands:
s = 0
half = self.count[i] // 2
b = i * 256
for j in range(256):
s = s + self.h[b + j]
if s > half:
break
v.append(j)
return v
def _getrms(self):
"""Get RMS for each layer"""
v = []
for i in self.bands:
v.append(math.sqrt(self.sum2[i] / self.count[i]))
return v
def _getvar(self):
"""Get variance for each layer"""
v = []
for i in self.bands:
n = self.count[i]
v.append((self.sum2[i] - (self.sum[i] ** 2.0) / n) / n)
return v
def _getstddev(self):
"""Get standard deviation for each layer"""
v = []
for i in self.bands:
v.append(math.sqrt(self.var[i]))
return v
Global = Stat # compatibility

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# a Tk display interface
#
# History:
# 96-04-08 fl Created
# 96-09-06 fl Added getimage method
# 96-11-01 fl Rewritten, removed image attribute and crop method
# 97-05-09 fl Use PyImagingPaste method instead of image type
# 97-05-12 fl Minor tweaks to match the IFUNC95 interface
# 97-05-17 fl Support the "pilbitmap" booster patch
# 97-06-05 fl Added file= and data= argument to image constructors
# 98-03-09 fl Added width and height methods to Image classes
# 98-07-02 fl Use default mode for "P" images without palette attribute
# 98-07-02 fl Explicitly destroy Tkinter image objects
# 99-07-24 fl Support multiple Tk interpreters (from Greg Couch)
# 99-07-26 fl Automatically hook into Tkinter (if possible)
# 99-08-15 fl Hook uses _imagingtk instead of _imaging
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-1999 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import tkinter
from io import BytesIO
from . import Image
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check for Tkinter interface hooks
_pilbitmap_ok = None
def _pilbitmap_check():
global _pilbitmap_ok
if _pilbitmap_ok is None:
try:
im = Image.new("1", (1, 1))
tkinter.BitmapImage(data=f"PIL:{im.im.id}")
_pilbitmap_ok = 1
except tkinter.TclError:
_pilbitmap_ok = 0
return _pilbitmap_ok
def _get_image_from_kw(kw):
source = None
if "file" in kw:
source = kw.pop("file")
elif "data" in kw:
source = BytesIO(kw.pop("data"))
if source:
return Image.open(source)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# PhotoImage
class PhotoImage:
"""
A Tkinter-compatible photo image. This can be used
everywhere Tkinter expects an image object. If the image is an RGBA
image, pixels having alpha 0 are treated as transparent.
The constructor takes either a PIL image, or a mode and a size.
Alternatively, you can use the ``file`` or ``data`` options to initialize
the photo image object.
:param image: Either a PIL image, or a mode string. If a mode string is
used, a size must also be given.
:param size: If the first argument is a mode string, this defines the size
of the image.
:keyword file: A filename to load the image from (using
``Image.open(file)``).
:keyword data: An 8-bit string containing image data (as loaded from an
image file).
"""
def __init__(self, image=None, size=None, **kw):
# Tk compatibility: file or data
if image is None:
image = _get_image_from_kw(kw)
if hasattr(image, "mode") and hasattr(image, "size"):
# got an image instead of a mode
mode = image.mode
if mode == "P":
# palette mapped data
image.load()
try:
mode = image.palette.mode
except AttributeError:
mode = "RGB" # default
size = image.size
kw["width"], kw["height"] = size
else:
mode = image
image = None
if mode not in ["1", "L", "RGB", "RGBA"]:
mode = Image.getmodebase(mode)
self.__mode = mode
self.__size = size
self.__photo = tkinter.PhotoImage(**kw)
self.tk = self.__photo.tk
if image:
self.paste(image)
def __del__(self):
name = self.__photo.name
self.__photo.name = None
try:
self.__photo.tk.call("image", "delete", name)
except Exception:
pass # ignore internal errors
def __str__(self):
"""
Get the Tkinter photo image identifier. This method is automatically
called by Tkinter whenever a PhotoImage object is passed to a Tkinter
method.
:return: A Tkinter photo image identifier (a string).
"""
return str(self.__photo)
def width(self):
"""
Get the width of the image.
:return: The width, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[0]
def height(self):
"""
Get the height of the image.
:return: The height, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[1]
def paste(self, im, box=None):
"""
Paste a PIL image into the photo image. Note that this can
be very slow if the photo image is displayed.
:param im: A PIL image. The size must match the target region. If the
mode does not match, the image is converted to the mode of
the bitmap image.
:param box: A 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and lower pixel
coordinate. See :ref:`coordinate-system`. If None is given
instead of a tuple, all of the image is assumed.
"""
# convert to blittable
im.load()
image = im.im
if image.isblock() and im.mode == self.__mode:
block = image
else:
block = image.new_block(self.__mode, im.size)
image.convert2(block, image) # convert directly between buffers
tk = self.__photo.tk
try:
tk.call("PyImagingPhoto", self.__photo, block.id)
except tkinter.TclError:
# activate Tkinter hook
try:
from . import _imagingtk
try:
if hasattr(tk, "interp"):
# Required for PyPy, which always has CFFI installed
from cffi import FFI
ffi = FFI()
# PyPy is using an FFI CDATA element
# (Pdb) self.tk.interp
# <cdata 'Tcl_Interp *' 0x3061b50>
_imagingtk.tkinit(int(ffi.cast("uintptr_t", tk.interp)), 1)
else:
_imagingtk.tkinit(tk.interpaddr(), 1)
except AttributeError:
_imagingtk.tkinit(id(tk), 0)
tk.call("PyImagingPhoto", self.__photo, block.id)
except (ImportError, AttributeError, tkinter.TclError):
raise # configuration problem; cannot attach to Tkinter
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# BitmapImage
class BitmapImage:
"""
A Tkinter-compatible bitmap image. This can be used everywhere Tkinter
expects an image object.
The given image must have mode "1". Pixels having value 0 are treated as
transparent. Options, if any, are passed on to Tkinter. The most commonly
used option is ``foreground``, which is used to specify the color for the
non-transparent parts. See the Tkinter documentation for information on
how to specify colours.
:param image: A PIL image.
"""
def __init__(self, image=None, **kw):
# Tk compatibility: file or data
if image is None:
image = _get_image_from_kw(kw)
self.__mode = image.mode
self.__size = image.size
if _pilbitmap_check():
# fast way (requires the pilbitmap booster patch)
image.load()
kw["data"] = f"PIL:{image.im.id}"
self.__im = image # must keep a reference
else:
# slow but safe way
kw["data"] = image.tobitmap()
self.__photo = tkinter.BitmapImage(**kw)
def __del__(self):
name = self.__photo.name
self.__photo.name = None
try:
self.__photo.tk.call("image", "delete", name)
except Exception:
pass # ignore internal errors
def width(self):
"""
Get the width of the image.
:return: The width, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[0]
def height(self):
"""
Get the height of the image.
:return: The height, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[1]
def __str__(self):
"""
Get the Tkinter bitmap image identifier. This method is automatically
called by Tkinter whenever a BitmapImage object is passed to a Tkinter
method.
:return: A Tkinter bitmap image identifier (a string).
"""
return str(self.__photo)
def getimage(photo):
"""Copies the contents of a PhotoImage to a PIL image memory."""
im = Image.new("RGBA", (photo.width(), photo.height()))
block = im.im
photo.tk.call("PyImagingPhotoGet", photo, block.id)
return im
def _show(image, title):
"""Helper for the Image.show method."""
class UI(tkinter.Label):
def __init__(self, master, im):
if im.mode == "1":
self.image = BitmapImage(im, foreground="white", master=master)
else:
self.image = PhotoImage(im, master=master)
super().__init__(master, image=self.image, bg="black", bd=0)
if not tkinter._default_root:
raise OSError("tkinter not initialized")
top = tkinter.Toplevel()
if title:
top.title(title)
UI(top, image).pack()

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# transform wrappers
#
# History:
# 2002-04-08 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) 2002 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2002 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image
class Transform(Image.ImageTransformHandler):
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def getdata(self):
return self.method, self.data
def transform(self, size, image, **options):
# can be overridden
method, data = self.getdata()
return image.transform(size, method, data, **options)
class AffineTransform(Transform):
"""
Define an affine image transform.
This function takes a 6-tuple (a, b, c, d, e, f) which contain the first
two rows from an affine transform matrix. For each pixel (x, y) in the
output image, the new value is taken from a position (a x + b y + c,
d x + e y + f) in the input image, rounded to nearest pixel.
This function can be used to scale, translate, rotate, and shear the
original image.
See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.transform`
:param matrix: A 6-tuple (a, b, c, d, e, f) containing the first two rows
from an affine transform matrix.
"""
method = Image.AFFINE
class ExtentTransform(Transform):
"""
Define a transform to extract a subregion from an image.
Maps a rectangle (defined by two corners) from the image to a rectangle of
the given size. The resulting image will contain data sampled from between
the corners, such that (x0, y0) in the input image will end up at (0,0) in
the output image, and (x1, y1) at size.
This method can be used to crop, stretch, shrink, or mirror an arbitrary
rectangle in the current image. It is slightly slower than crop, but about
as fast as a corresponding resize operation.
See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.transform`
:param bbox: A 4-tuple (x0, y0, x1, y1) which specifies two points in the
input image's coordinate system. See :ref:`coordinate-system`.
"""
method = Image.EXTENT
class QuadTransform(Transform):
"""
Define a quad image transform.
Maps a quadrilateral (a region defined by four corners) from the image to a
rectangle of the given size.
See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.transform`
:param xy: An 8-tuple (x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3) which contain the
upper left, lower left, lower right, and upper right corner of the
source quadrilateral.
"""
method = Image.QUAD
class MeshTransform(Transform):
"""
Define a mesh image transform. A mesh transform consists of one or more
individual quad transforms.
See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.transform`
:param data: A list of (bbox, quad) tuples.
"""
method = Image.MESH

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# a Windows DIB display interface
#
# History:
# 1996-05-20 fl Created
# 1996-09-20 fl Fixed subregion exposure
# 1997-09-21 fl Added draw primitive (for tzPrint)
# 2003-05-21 fl Added experimental Window/ImageWindow classes
# 2003-09-05 fl Added fromstring/tostring methods
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-2003.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996-2003.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image
class HDC:
"""
Wraps an HDC integer. The resulting object can be passed to the
:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.draw` and :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.expose`
methods.
"""
def __init__(self, dc):
self.dc = dc
def __int__(self):
return self.dc
class HWND:
"""
Wraps an HWND integer. The resulting object can be passed to the
:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.draw` and :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.expose`
methods, instead of a DC.
"""
def __init__(self, wnd):
self.wnd = wnd
def __int__(self):
return self.wnd
class Dib:
"""
A Windows bitmap with the given mode and size. The mode can be one of "1",
"L", "P", or "RGB".
If the display requires a palette, this constructor creates a suitable
palette and associates it with the image. For an "L" image, 128 greylevels
are allocated. For an "RGB" image, a 6x6x6 colour cube is used, together
with 20 greylevels.
To make sure that palettes work properly under Windows, you must call the
``palette`` method upon certain events from Windows.
:param image: Either a PIL image, or a mode string. If a mode string is
used, a size must also be given. The mode can be one of "1",
"L", "P", or "RGB".
:param size: If the first argument is a mode string, this
defines the size of the image.
"""
def __init__(self, image, size=None):
if hasattr(image, "mode") and hasattr(image, "size"):
mode = image.mode
size = image.size
else:
mode = image
image = None
if mode not in ["1", "L", "P", "RGB"]:
mode = Image.getmodebase(mode)
self.image = Image.core.display(mode, size)
self.mode = mode
self.size = size
if image:
self.paste(image)
def expose(self, handle):
"""
Copy the bitmap contents to a device context.
:param handle: Device context (HDC), cast to a Python integer, or an
HDC or HWND instance. In PythonWin, you can use
``CDC.GetHandleAttrib()`` to get a suitable handle.
"""
if isinstance(handle, HWND):
dc = self.image.getdc(handle)
try:
result = self.image.expose(dc)
finally:
self.image.releasedc(handle, dc)
else:
result = self.image.expose(handle)
return result
def draw(self, handle, dst, src=None):
"""
Same as expose, but allows you to specify where to draw the image, and
what part of it to draw.
The destination and source areas are given as 4-tuple rectangles. If
the source is omitted, the entire image is copied. If the source and
the destination have different sizes, the image is resized as
necessary.
"""
if not src:
src = (0, 0) + self.size
if isinstance(handle, HWND):
dc = self.image.getdc(handle)
try:
result = self.image.draw(dc, dst, src)
finally:
self.image.releasedc(handle, dc)
else:
result = self.image.draw(handle, dst, src)
return result
def query_palette(self, handle):
"""
Installs the palette associated with the image in the given device
context.
This method should be called upon **QUERYNEWPALETTE** and
**PALETTECHANGED** events from Windows. If this method returns a
non-zero value, one or more display palette entries were changed, and
the image should be redrawn.
:param handle: Device context (HDC), cast to a Python integer, or an
HDC or HWND instance.
:return: A true value if one or more entries were changed (this
indicates that the image should be redrawn).
"""
if isinstance(handle, HWND):
handle = self.image.getdc(handle)
try:
result = self.image.query_palette(handle)
finally:
self.image.releasedc(handle, handle)
else:
result = self.image.query_palette(handle)
return result
def paste(self, im, box=None):
"""
Paste a PIL image into the bitmap image.
:param im: A PIL image. The size must match the target region.
If the mode does not match, the image is converted to the
mode of the bitmap image.
:param box: A 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and
lower pixel coordinate. See :ref:`coordinate-system`. If
None is given instead of a tuple, all of the image is
assumed.
"""
im.load()
if self.mode != im.mode:
im = im.convert(self.mode)
if box:
self.image.paste(im.im, box)
else:
self.image.paste(im.im)
def frombytes(self, buffer):
"""
Load display memory contents from byte data.
:param buffer: A buffer containing display data (usually
data returned from :py:func:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.tobytes`)
"""
return self.image.frombytes(buffer)
def tobytes(self):
"""
Copy display memory contents to bytes object.
:return: A bytes object containing display data.
"""
return self.image.tobytes()
class Window:
"""Create a Window with the given title size."""
def __init__(self, title="PIL", width=None, height=None):
self.hwnd = Image.core.createwindow(
title, self.__dispatcher, width or 0, height or 0
)
def __dispatcher(self, action, *args):
return getattr(self, "ui_handle_" + action)(*args)
def ui_handle_clear(self, dc, x0, y0, x1, y1):
pass
def ui_handle_damage(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
pass
def ui_handle_destroy(self):
pass
def ui_handle_repair(self, dc, x0, y0, x1, y1):
pass
def ui_handle_resize(self, width, height):
pass
def mainloop(self):
Image.core.eventloop()
class ImageWindow(Window):
"""Create an image window which displays the given image."""
def __init__(self, image, title="PIL"):
if not isinstance(image, Dib):
image = Dib(image)
self.image = image
width, height = image.size
super().__init__(title, width=width, height=height)
def ui_handle_repair(self, dc, x0, y0, x1, y1):
self.image.draw(dc, (x0, y0, x1, y1))

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# IM Tools support for PIL
#
# history:
# 1996-05-27 fl Created (read 8-bit images only)
# 2001-02-17 fl Use 're' instead of 'regex' (Python 2.1) (0.2)
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-2001.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996-2001.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import re
from . import Image, ImageFile
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
field = re.compile(br"([a-z]*) ([^ \r\n]*)")
##
# Image plugin for IM Tools images.
class ImtImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "IMT"
format_description = "IM Tools"
def _open(self):
# Quick rejection: if there's not a LF among the first
# 100 bytes, this is (probably) not a text header.
if b"\n" not in self.fp.read(100):
raise SyntaxError("not an IM file")
self.fp.seek(0)
xsize = ysize = 0
while True:
s = self.fp.read(1)
if not s:
break
if s == b"\x0C":
# image data begins
self.tile = [
("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, self.fp.tell(), (self.mode, 0, 1))
]
break
else:
# read key/value pair
# FIXME: dangerous, may read whole file
s = s + self.fp.readline()
if len(s) == 1 or len(s) > 100:
break
if s[0] == ord(b"*"):
continue # comment
m = field.match(s)
if not m:
break
k, v = m.group(1, 2)
if k == "width":
xsize = int(v)
self._size = xsize, ysize
elif k == "height":
ysize = int(v)
self._size = xsize, ysize
elif k == "pixel" and v == "n8":
self.mode = "L"
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(ImtImageFile.format, ImtImageFile)
#
# no extension registered (".im" is simply too common)

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# IPTC/NAA file handling
#
# history:
# 1995-10-01 fl Created
# 1998-03-09 fl Cleaned up and added to PIL
# 2002-06-18 fl Added getiptcinfo helper
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-2002.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1995.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import os
import tempfile
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i8
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
from ._binary import o8
COMPRESSION = {1: "raw", 5: "jpeg"}
PAD = o8(0) * 4
#
# Helpers
def i(c):
return i32((PAD + c)[-4:])
def dump(c):
for i in c:
print("%02x" % i8(i), end=" ")
print()
##
# Image plugin for IPTC/NAA datastreams. To read IPTC/NAA fields
# from TIFF and JPEG files, use the <b>getiptcinfo</b> function.
class IptcImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "IPTC"
format_description = "IPTC/NAA"
def getint(self, key):
return i(self.info[key])
def field(self):
#
# get a IPTC field header
s = self.fp.read(5)
if not len(s):
return None, 0
tag = s[1], s[2]
# syntax
if s[0] != 0x1C or tag[0] < 1 or tag[0] > 9:
raise SyntaxError("invalid IPTC/NAA file")
# field size
size = s[3]
if size > 132:
raise OSError("illegal field length in IPTC/NAA file")
elif size == 128:
size = 0
elif size > 128:
size = i(self.fp.read(size - 128))
else:
size = i16(s, 3)
return tag, size
def _open(self):
# load descriptive fields
while True:
offset = self.fp.tell()
tag, size = self.field()
if not tag or tag == (8, 10):
break
if size:
tagdata = self.fp.read(size)
else:
tagdata = None
if tag in self.info:
if isinstance(self.info[tag], list):
self.info[tag].append(tagdata)
else:
self.info[tag] = [self.info[tag], tagdata]
else:
self.info[tag] = tagdata
# mode
layers = i8(self.info[(3, 60)][0])
component = i8(self.info[(3, 60)][1])
if (3, 65) in self.info:
id = i8(self.info[(3, 65)][0]) - 1
else:
id = 0
if layers == 1 and not component:
self.mode = "L"
elif layers == 3 and component:
self.mode = "RGB"[id]
elif layers == 4 and component:
self.mode = "CMYK"[id]
# size
self._size = self.getint((3, 20)), self.getint((3, 30))
# compression
try:
compression = COMPRESSION[self.getint((3, 120))]
except KeyError as e:
raise OSError("Unknown IPTC image compression") from e
# tile
if tag == (8, 10):
self.tile = [
("iptc", (compression, offset), (0, 0, self.size[0], self.size[1]))
]
def load(self):
if len(self.tile) != 1 or self.tile[0][0] != "iptc":
return ImageFile.ImageFile.load(self)
type, tile, box = self.tile[0]
encoding, offset = tile
self.fp.seek(offset)
# Copy image data to temporary file
o_fd, outfile = tempfile.mkstemp(text=False)
o = os.fdopen(o_fd)
if encoding == "raw":
# To simplify access to the extracted file,
# prepend a PPM header
o.write("P5\n%d %d\n255\n" % self.size)
while True:
type, size = self.field()
if type != (8, 10):
break
while size > 0:
s = self.fp.read(min(size, 8192))
if not s:
break
o.write(s)
size -= len(s)
o.close()
try:
with Image.open(outfile) as _im:
_im.load()
self.im = _im.im
finally:
try:
os.unlink(outfile)
except OSError:
pass
Image.register_open(IptcImageFile.format, IptcImageFile)
Image.register_extension(IptcImageFile.format, ".iim")
def getiptcinfo(im):
"""
Get IPTC information from TIFF, JPEG, or IPTC file.
:param im: An image containing IPTC data.
:returns: A dictionary containing IPTC information, or None if
no IPTC information block was found.
"""
import io
from . import JpegImagePlugin, TiffImagePlugin
data = None
if isinstance(im, IptcImageFile):
# return info dictionary right away
return im.info
elif isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
# extract the IPTC/NAA resource
photoshop = im.info.get("photoshop")
if photoshop:
data = photoshop.get(0x0404)
elif isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile):
# get raw data from the IPTC/NAA tag (PhotoShop tags the data
# as 4-byte integers, so we cannot use the get method...)
try:
data = im.tag.tagdata[TiffImagePlugin.IPTC_NAA_CHUNK]
except (AttributeError, KeyError):
pass
if data is None:
return None # no properties
# create an IptcImagePlugin object without initializing it
class FakeImage:
pass
im = FakeImage()
im.__class__ = IptcImageFile
# parse the IPTC information chunk
im.info = {}
im.fp = io.BytesIO(data)
try:
im._open()
except (IndexError, KeyError):
pass # expected failure
return im.info

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# JPEG2000 file handling
#
# History:
# 2014-03-12 ajh Created
#
# Copyright (c) 2014 Coriolis Systems Limited
# Copyright (c) 2014 Alastair Houghton
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
import os
import struct
from . import Image, ImageFile
def _parse_codestream(fp):
"""Parse the JPEG 2000 codestream to extract the size and component
count from the SIZ marker segment, returning a PIL (size, mode) tuple."""
hdr = fp.read(2)
lsiz = struct.unpack(">H", hdr)[0]
siz = hdr + fp.read(lsiz - 2)
lsiz, rsiz, xsiz, ysiz, xosiz, yosiz, _, _, _, _, csiz = struct.unpack_from(
">HHIIIIIIIIH", siz
)
ssiz = [None] * csiz
xrsiz = [None] * csiz
yrsiz = [None] * csiz
for i in range(csiz):
ssiz[i], xrsiz[i], yrsiz[i] = struct.unpack_from(">BBB", siz, 36 + 3 * i)
size = (xsiz - xosiz, ysiz - yosiz)
if csiz == 1:
if (yrsiz[0] & 0x7F) > 8:
mode = "I;16"
else:
mode = "L"
elif csiz == 2:
mode = "LA"
elif csiz == 3:
mode = "RGB"
elif csiz == 4:
mode = "RGBA"
else:
mode = None
return (size, mode)
def _parse_jp2_header(fp):
"""Parse the JP2 header box to extract size, component count and
color space information, returning a (size, mode, mimetype) tuple."""
# Find the JP2 header box
header = None
mimetype = None
while True:
lbox, tbox = struct.unpack(">I4s", fp.read(8))
if lbox == 1:
lbox = struct.unpack(">Q", fp.read(8))[0]
hlen = 16
else:
hlen = 8
if lbox < hlen:
raise SyntaxError("Invalid JP2 header length")
if tbox == b"jp2h":
header = fp.read(lbox - hlen)
break
elif tbox == b"ftyp":
if fp.read(4) == b"jpx ":
mimetype = "image/jpx"
fp.seek(lbox - hlen - 4, os.SEEK_CUR)
else:
fp.seek(lbox - hlen, os.SEEK_CUR)
if header is None:
raise SyntaxError("could not find JP2 header")
size = None
mode = None
bpc = None
nc = None
hio = io.BytesIO(header)
while True:
lbox, tbox = struct.unpack(">I4s", hio.read(8))
if lbox == 1:
lbox = struct.unpack(">Q", hio.read(8))[0]
hlen = 16
else:
hlen = 8
content = hio.read(lbox - hlen)
if tbox == b"ihdr":
height, width, nc, bpc, c, unkc, ipr = struct.unpack(">IIHBBBB", content)
size = (width, height)
if unkc:
if nc == 1 and (bpc & 0x7F) > 8:
mode = "I;16"
elif nc == 1:
mode = "L"
elif nc == 2:
mode = "LA"
elif nc == 3:
mode = "RGB"
elif nc == 4:
mode = "RGBA"
break
elif tbox == b"colr":
meth, prec, approx = struct.unpack_from(">BBB", content)
if meth == 1:
cs = struct.unpack_from(">I", content, 3)[0]
if cs == 16: # sRGB
if nc == 1 and (bpc & 0x7F) > 8:
mode = "I;16"
elif nc == 1:
mode = "L"
elif nc == 3:
mode = "RGB"
elif nc == 4:
mode = "RGBA"
break
elif cs == 17: # grayscale
if nc == 1 and (bpc & 0x7F) > 8:
mode = "I;16"
elif nc == 1:
mode = "L"
elif nc == 2:
mode = "LA"
break
elif cs == 18: # sYCC
if nc == 3:
mode = "RGB"
elif nc == 4:
mode = "RGBA"
break
if size is None or mode is None:
raise SyntaxError("Malformed jp2 header")
return (size, mode, mimetype)
##
# Image plugin for JPEG2000 images.
class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "JPEG2000"
format_description = "JPEG 2000 (ISO 15444)"
def _open(self):
sig = self.fp.read(4)
if sig == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51":
self.codec = "j2k"
self._size, self.mode = _parse_codestream(self.fp)
else:
sig = sig + self.fp.read(8)
if sig == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a":
self.codec = "jp2"
header = _parse_jp2_header(self.fp)
self._size, self.mode, self.custom_mimetype = header
else:
raise SyntaxError("not a JPEG 2000 file")
if self.size is None or self.mode is None:
raise SyntaxError("unable to determine size/mode")
self._reduce = 0
self.layers = 0
fd = -1
length = -1
try:
fd = self.fp.fileno()
length = os.fstat(fd).st_size
except Exception:
fd = -1
try:
pos = self.fp.tell()
self.fp.seek(0, io.SEEK_END)
length = self.fp.tell()
self.fp.seek(pos)
except Exception:
length = -1
self.tile = [
(
"jpeg2k",
(0, 0) + self.size,
0,
(self.codec, self._reduce, self.layers, fd, length),
)
]
@property
def reduce(self):
# https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/4343 found that the
# new Image 'reduce' method was shadowed by this plugin's 'reduce'
# property. This attempts to allow for both scenarios
return self._reduce or super().reduce
@reduce.setter
def reduce(self, value):
self._reduce = value
def load(self):
if self.tile and self._reduce:
power = 1 << self._reduce
adjust = power >> 1
self._size = (
int((self.size[0] + adjust) / power),
int((self.size[1] + adjust) / power),
)
# Update the reduce and layers settings
t = self.tile[0]
t3 = (t[3][0], self._reduce, self.layers, t[3][3], t[3][4])
self.tile = [(t[0], (0, 0) + self.size, t[2], t3)]
return ImageFile.ImageFile.load(self)
def _accept(prefix):
return (
prefix[:4] == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51"
or prefix[:12] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
)
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Save support
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if filename.endswith(".j2k"):
kind = "j2k"
else:
kind = "jp2"
# Get the keyword arguments
info = im.encoderinfo
offset = info.get("offset", None)
tile_offset = info.get("tile_offset", None)
tile_size = info.get("tile_size", None)
quality_mode = info.get("quality_mode", "rates")
quality_layers = info.get("quality_layers", None)
if quality_layers is not None and not (
isinstance(quality_layers, (list, tuple))
and all(
[
isinstance(quality_layer, (int, float))
for quality_layer in quality_layers
]
)
):
raise ValueError("quality_layers must be a sequence of numbers")
num_resolutions = info.get("num_resolutions", 0)
cblk_size = info.get("codeblock_size", None)
precinct_size = info.get("precinct_size", None)
irreversible = info.get("irreversible", False)
progression = info.get("progression", "LRCP")
cinema_mode = info.get("cinema_mode", "no")
fd = -1
if hasattr(fp, "fileno"):
try:
fd = fp.fileno()
except Exception:
fd = -1
im.encoderconfig = (
offset,
tile_offset,
tile_size,
quality_mode,
quality_layers,
num_resolutions,
cblk_size,
precinct_size,
irreversible,
progression,
cinema_mode,
fd,
)
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("jpeg2k", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, kind)])
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry stuff
Image.register_open(Jpeg2KImageFile.format, Jpeg2KImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(Jpeg2KImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(
Jpeg2KImageFile.format, [".jp2", ".j2k", ".jpc", ".jpf", ".jpx", ".j2c"]
)
Image.register_mime(Jpeg2KImageFile.format, "image/jp2")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# JPEG (JFIF) file handling
#
# See "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images,
# Part 1, Requirements and Guidelines" (CCITT T.81 / ISO 10918-1)
#
# History:
# 1995-09-09 fl Created
# 1995-09-13 fl Added full parser
# 1996-03-25 fl Added hack to use the IJG command line utilities
# 1996-05-05 fl Workaround Photoshop 2.5 CMYK polarity bug
# 1996-05-28 fl Added draft support, JFIF version (0.1)
# 1996-12-30 fl Added encoder options, added progression property (0.2)
# 1997-08-27 fl Save mode 1 images as BW (0.3)
# 1998-07-12 fl Added YCbCr to draft and save methods (0.4)
# 1998-10-19 fl Don't hang on files using 16-bit DQT's (0.4.1)
# 2001-04-16 fl Extract DPI settings from JFIF files (0.4.2)
# 2002-07-01 fl Skip pad bytes before markers; identify Exif files (0.4.3)
# 2003-04-25 fl Added experimental EXIF decoder (0.5)
# 2003-06-06 fl Added experimental EXIF GPSinfo decoder
# 2003-09-13 fl Extract COM markers
# 2009-09-06 fl Added icc_profile support (from Florian Hoech)
# 2009-03-06 fl Changed CMYK handling; always use Adobe polarity (0.6)
# 2009-03-08 fl Added subsampling support (from Justin Huff).
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-1996 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import array
import io
import math
import os
import struct
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import warnings
from . import Image, ImageFile, TiffImagePlugin
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
from ._binary import o8
from .JpegPresets import presets
#
# Parser
def Skip(self, marker):
n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
def APP(self, marker):
#
# Application marker. Store these in the APP dictionary.
# Also look for well-known application markers.
n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
s = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
app = "APP%d" % (marker & 15)
self.app[app] = s # compatibility
self.applist.append((app, s))
if marker == 0xFFE0 and s[:4] == b"JFIF":
# extract JFIF information
self.info["jfif"] = version = i16(s, 5) # version
self.info["jfif_version"] = divmod(version, 256)
# extract JFIF properties
try:
jfif_unit = s[7]
jfif_density = i16(s, 8), i16(s, 10)
except Exception:
pass
else:
if jfif_unit == 1:
self.info["dpi"] = jfif_density
self.info["jfif_unit"] = jfif_unit
self.info["jfif_density"] = jfif_density
elif marker == 0xFFE1 and s[:5] == b"Exif\0":
if "exif" not in self.info:
# extract EXIF information (incomplete)
self.info["exif"] = s # FIXME: value will change
elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s[:5] == b"FPXR\0":
# extract FlashPix information (incomplete)
self.info["flashpix"] = s # FIXME: value will change
elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s[:12] == b"ICC_PROFILE\0":
# Since an ICC profile can be larger than the maximum size of
# a JPEG marker (64K), we need provisions to split it into
# multiple markers. The format defined by the ICC specifies
# one or more APP2 markers containing the following data:
# Identifying string ASCII "ICC_PROFILE\0" (12 bytes)
# Marker sequence number 1, 2, etc (1 byte)
# Number of markers Total of APP2's used (1 byte)
# Profile data (remainder of APP2 data)
# Decoders should use the marker sequence numbers to
# reassemble the profile, rather than assuming that the APP2
# markers appear in the correct sequence.
self.icclist.append(s)
elif marker == 0xFFED and s[:14] == b"Photoshop 3.0\x00":
# parse the image resource block
offset = 14
photoshop = self.info.setdefault("photoshop", {})
while s[offset : offset + 4] == b"8BIM":
try:
offset += 4
# resource code
code = i16(s, offset)
offset += 2
# resource name (usually empty)
name_len = s[offset]
# name = s[offset+1:offset+1+name_len]
offset += 1 + name_len
offset += offset & 1 # align
# resource data block
size = i32(s, offset)
offset += 4
data = s[offset : offset + size]
if code == 0x03ED: # ResolutionInfo
data = {
"XResolution": i32(data, 0) / 65536,
"DisplayedUnitsX": i16(data, 4),
"YResolution": i32(data, 8) / 65536,
"DisplayedUnitsY": i16(data, 12),
}
photoshop[code] = data
offset += size
offset += offset & 1 # align
except struct.error:
break # insufficient data
elif marker == 0xFFEE and s[:5] == b"Adobe":
self.info["adobe"] = i16(s, 5)
# extract Adobe custom properties
try:
adobe_transform = s[11]
except IndexError:
pass
else:
self.info["adobe_transform"] = adobe_transform
elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s[:4] == b"MPF\0":
# extract MPO information
self.info["mp"] = s[4:]
# offset is current location minus buffer size
# plus constant header size
self.info["mpoffset"] = self.fp.tell() - n + 4
# If DPI isn't in JPEG header, fetch from EXIF
if "dpi" not in self.info and "exif" in self.info:
try:
exif = self.getexif()
resolution_unit = exif[0x0128]
x_resolution = exif[0x011A]
try:
dpi = float(x_resolution[0]) / x_resolution[1]
except TypeError:
dpi = x_resolution
if math.isnan(dpi):
raise ValueError
if resolution_unit == 3: # cm
# 1 dpcm = 2.54 dpi
dpi *= 2.54
self.info["dpi"] = dpi, dpi
except (KeyError, SyntaxError, ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
# SyntaxError for invalid/unreadable EXIF
# KeyError for dpi not included
# ZeroDivisionError for invalid dpi rational value
# ValueError for dpi being an invalid float
self.info["dpi"] = 72, 72
def COM(self, marker):
#
# Comment marker. Store these in the APP dictionary.
n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
s = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
self.info["comment"] = s
self.app["COM"] = s # compatibility
self.applist.append(("COM", s))
def SOF(self, marker):
#
# Start of frame marker. Defines the size and mode of the
# image. JPEG is colour blind, so we use some simple
# heuristics to map the number of layers to an appropriate
# mode. Note that this could be made a bit brighter, by
# looking for JFIF and Adobe APP markers.
n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
s = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
self._size = i16(s, 3), i16(s, 1)
self.bits = s[0]
if self.bits != 8:
raise SyntaxError(f"cannot handle {self.bits}-bit layers")
self.layers = s[5]
if self.layers == 1:
self.mode = "L"
elif self.layers == 3:
self.mode = "RGB"
elif self.layers == 4:
self.mode = "CMYK"
else:
raise SyntaxError(f"cannot handle {self.layers}-layer images")
if marker in [0xFFC2, 0xFFC6, 0xFFCA, 0xFFCE]:
self.info["progressive"] = self.info["progression"] = 1
if self.icclist:
# fixup icc profile
self.icclist.sort() # sort by sequence number
if self.icclist[0][13] == len(self.icclist):
profile = []
for p in self.icclist:
profile.append(p[14:])
icc_profile = b"".join(profile)
else:
icc_profile = None # wrong number of fragments
self.info["icc_profile"] = icc_profile
self.icclist = []
for i in range(6, len(s), 3):
t = s[i : i + 3]
# 4-tuples: id, vsamp, hsamp, qtable
self.layer.append((t[0], t[1] // 16, t[1] & 15, t[2]))
def DQT(self, marker):
#
# Define quantization table. Note that there might be more
# than one table in each marker.
# FIXME: The quantization tables can be used to estimate the
# compression quality.
n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
s = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
while len(s):
v = s[0]
precision = 1 if (v // 16 == 0) else 2 # in bytes
qt_length = 1 + precision * 64
if len(s) < qt_length:
raise SyntaxError("bad quantization table marker")
data = array.array("B" if precision == 1 else "H", s[1:qt_length])
if sys.byteorder == "little" and precision > 1:
data.byteswap() # the values are always big-endian
self.quantization[v & 15] = [data[i] for i in zigzag_index]
s = s[qt_length:]
#
# JPEG marker table
MARKER = {
0xFFC0: ("SOF0", "Baseline DCT", SOF),
0xFFC1: ("SOF1", "Extended Sequential DCT", SOF),
0xFFC2: ("SOF2", "Progressive DCT", SOF),
0xFFC3: ("SOF3", "Spatial lossless", SOF),
0xFFC4: ("DHT", "Define Huffman table", Skip),
0xFFC5: ("SOF5", "Differential sequential DCT", SOF),
0xFFC6: ("SOF6", "Differential progressive DCT", SOF),
0xFFC7: ("SOF7", "Differential spatial", SOF),
0xFFC8: ("JPG", "Extension", None),
0xFFC9: ("SOF9", "Extended sequential DCT (AC)", SOF),
0xFFCA: ("SOF10", "Progressive DCT (AC)", SOF),
0xFFCB: ("SOF11", "Spatial lossless DCT (AC)", SOF),
0xFFCC: ("DAC", "Define arithmetic coding conditioning", Skip),
0xFFCD: ("SOF13", "Differential sequential DCT (AC)", SOF),
0xFFCE: ("SOF14", "Differential progressive DCT (AC)", SOF),
0xFFCF: ("SOF15", "Differential spatial (AC)", SOF),
0xFFD0: ("RST0", "Restart 0", None),
0xFFD1: ("RST1", "Restart 1", None),
0xFFD2: ("RST2", "Restart 2", None),
0xFFD3: ("RST3", "Restart 3", None),
0xFFD4: ("RST4", "Restart 4", None),
0xFFD5: ("RST5", "Restart 5", None),
0xFFD6: ("RST6", "Restart 6", None),
0xFFD7: ("RST7", "Restart 7", None),
0xFFD8: ("SOI", "Start of image", None),
0xFFD9: ("EOI", "End of image", None),
0xFFDA: ("SOS", "Start of scan", Skip),
0xFFDB: ("DQT", "Define quantization table", DQT),
0xFFDC: ("DNL", "Define number of lines", Skip),
0xFFDD: ("DRI", "Define restart interval", Skip),
0xFFDE: ("DHP", "Define hierarchical progression", SOF),
0xFFDF: ("EXP", "Expand reference component", Skip),
0xFFE0: ("APP0", "Application segment 0", APP),
0xFFE1: ("APP1", "Application segment 1", APP),
0xFFE2: ("APP2", "Application segment 2", APP),
0xFFE3: ("APP3", "Application segment 3", APP),
0xFFE4: ("APP4", "Application segment 4", APP),
0xFFE5: ("APP5", "Application segment 5", APP),
0xFFE6: ("APP6", "Application segment 6", APP),
0xFFE7: ("APP7", "Application segment 7", APP),
0xFFE8: ("APP8", "Application segment 8", APP),
0xFFE9: ("APP9", "Application segment 9", APP),
0xFFEA: ("APP10", "Application segment 10", APP),
0xFFEB: ("APP11", "Application segment 11", APP),
0xFFEC: ("APP12", "Application segment 12", APP),
0xFFED: ("APP13", "Application segment 13", APP),
0xFFEE: ("APP14", "Application segment 14", APP),
0xFFEF: ("APP15", "Application segment 15", APP),
0xFFF0: ("JPG0", "Extension 0", None),
0xFFF1: ("JPG1", "Extension 1", None),
0xFFF2: ("JPG2", "Extension 2", None),
0xFFF3: ("JPG3", "Extension 3", None),
0xFFF4: ("JPG4", "Extension 4", None),
0xFFF5: ("JPG5", "Extension 5", None),
0xFFF6: ("JPG6", "Extension 6", None),
0xFFF7: ("JPG7", "Extension 7", None),
0xFFF8: ("JPG8", "Extension 8", None),
0xFFF9: ("JPG9", "Extension 9", None),
0xFFFA: ("JPG10", "Extension 10", None),
0xFFFB: ("JPG11", "Extension 11", None),
0xFFFC: ("JPG12", "Extension 12", None),
0xFFFD: ("JPG13", "Extension 13", None),
0xFFFE: ("COM", "Comment", COM),
}
def _accept(prefix):
# Magic number was taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG
return prefix[0:3] == b"\xFF\xD8\xFF"
##
# Image plugin for JPEG and JFIF images.
class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "JPEG"
format_description = "JPEG (ISO 10918)"
def _open(self):
s = self.fp.read(3)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not a JPEG file")
s = b"\xFF"
# Create attributes
self.bits = self.layers = 0
# JPEG specifics (internal)
self.layer = []
self.huffman_dc = {}
self.huffman_ac = {}
self.quantization = {}
self.app = {} # compatibility
self.applist = []
self.icclist = []
while True:
i = s[0]
if i == 0xFF:
s = s + self.fp.read(1)
i = i16(s)
else:
# Skip non-0xFF junk
s = self.fp.read(1)
continue
if i in MARKER:
name, description, handler = MARKER[i]
if handler is not None:
handler(self, i)
if i == 0xFFDA: # start of scan
rawmode = self.mode
if self.mode == "CMYK":
rawmode = "CMYK;I" # assume adobe conventions
self.tile = [("jpeg", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (rawmode, ""))]
# self.__offset = self.fp.tell()
break
s = self.fp.read(1)
elif i == 0 or i == 0xFFFF:
# padded marker or junk; move on
s = b"\xff"
elif i == 0xFF00: # Skip extraneous data (escaped 0xFF)
s = self.fp.read(1)
else:
raise SyntaxError("no marker found")
def load_read(self, read_bytes):
"""
internal: read more image data
For premature EOF and LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES adds EOI marker
so libjpeg can finish decoding
"""
s = self.fp.read(read_bytes)
if not s and ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES:
# Premature EOF.
# Pretend file is finished adding EOI marker
return b"\xFF\xD9"
return s
def draft(self, mode, size):
if len(self.tile) != 1:
return
# Protect from second call
if self.decoderconfig:
return
d, e, o, a = self.tile[0]
scale = 1
original_size = self.size
if a[0] == "RGB" and mode in ["L", "YCbCr"]:
self.mode = mode
a = mode, ""
if size:
scale = min(self.size[0] // size[0], self.size[1] // size[1])
for s in [8, 4, 2, 1]:
if scale >= s:
break
e = (
e[0],
e[1],
(e[2] - e[0] + s - 1) // s + e[0],
(e[3] - e[1] + s - 1) // s + e[1],
)
self._size = ((self.size[0] + s - 1) // s, (self.size[1] + s - 1) // s)
scale = s
self.tile = [(d, e, o, a)]
self.decoderconfig = (scale, 0)
box = (0, 0, original_size[0] / scale, original_size[1] / scale)
return (self.mode, box)
def load_djpeg(self):
# ALTERNATIVE: handle JPEGs via the IJG command line utilities
f, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.close(f)
if os.path.exists(self.filename):
subprocess.check_call(["djpeg", "-outfile", path, self.filename])
else:
raise ValueError("Invalid Filename")
try:
with Image.open(path) as _im:
_im.load()
self.im = _im.im
finally:
try:
os.unlink(path)
except OSError:
pass
self.mode = self.im.mode
self._size = self.im.size
self.tile = []
def _getexif(self):
return _getexif(self)
def _getmp(self):
return _getmp(self)
def getxmp(self):
"""
Returns a dictionary containing the XMP tags.
Requires defusedxml to be installed.
:returns: XMP tags in a dictionary.
"""
for segment, content in self.applist:
if segment == "APP1":
marker, xmp_tags = content.rsplit(b"\x00", 1)
if marker == b"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/":
return self._getxmp(xmp_tags)
return {}
def _getexif(self):
if "exif" not in self.info:
return None
return self.getexif()._get_merged_dict()
def _getmp(self):
# Extract MP information. This method was inspired by the "highly
# experimental" _getexif version that's been in use for years now,
# itself based on the ImageFileDirectory class in the TIFF plugin.
# The MP record essentially consists of a TIFF file embedded in a JPEG
# application marker.
try:
data = self.info["mp"]
except KeyError:
return None
file_contents = io.BytesIO(data)
head = file_contents.read(8)
endianness = ">" if head[:4] == b"\x4d\x4d\x00\x2a" else "<"
# process dictionary
try:
info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(head)
file_contents.seek(info.next)
info.load(file_contents)
mp = dict(info)
except Exception as e:
raise SyntaxError("malformed MP Index (unreadable directory)") from e
# it's an error not to have a number of images
try:
quant = mp[0xB001]
except KeyError as e:
raise SyntaxError("malformed MP Index (no number of images)") from e
# get MP entries
mpentries = []
try:
rawmpentries = mp[0xB002]
for entrynum in range(0, quant):
unpackedentry = struct.unpack_from(
f"{endianness}LLLHH", rawmpentries, entrynum * 16
)
labels = ("Attribute", "Size", "DataOffset", "EntryNo1", "EntryNo2")
mpentry = dict(zip(labels, unpackedentry))
mpentryattr = {
"DependentParentImageFlag": bool(mpentry["Attribute"] & (1 << 31)),
"DependentChildImageFlag": bool(mpentry["Attribute"] & (1 << 30)),
"RepresentativeImageFlag": bool(mpentry["Attribute"] & (1 << 29)),
"Reserved": (mpentry["Attribute"] & (3 << 27)) >> 27,
"ImageDataFormat": (mpentry["Attribute"] & (7 << 24)) >> 24,
"MPType": mpentry["Attribute"] & 0x00FFFFFF,
}
if mpentryattr["ImageDataFormat"] == 0:
mpentryattr["ImageDataFormat"] = "JPEG"
else:
raise SyntaxError("unsupported picture format in MPO")
mptypemap = {
0x000000: "Undefined",
0x010001: "Large Thumbnail (VGA Equivalent)",
0x010002: "Large Thumbnail (Full HD Equivalent)",
0x020001: "Multi-Frame Image (Panorama)",
0x020002: "Multi-Frame Image: (Disparity)",
0x020003: "Multi-Frame Image: (Multi-Angle)",
0x030000: "Baseline MP Primary Image",
}
mpentryattr["MPType"] = mptypemap.get(mpentryattr["MPType"], "Unknown")
mpentry["Attribute"] = mpentryattr
mpentries.append(mpentry)
mp[0xB002] = mpentries
except KeyError as e:
raise SyntaxError("malformed MP Index (bad MP Entry)") from e
# Next we should try and parse the individual image unique ID list;
# we don't because I've never seen this actually used in a real MPO
# file and so can't test it.
return mp
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# stuff to save JPEG files
RAWMODE = {
"1": "L",
"L": "L",
"RGB": "RGB",
"RGBX": "RGB",
"CMYK": "CMYK;I", # assume adobe conventions
"YCbCr": "YCbCr",
}
# fmt: off
zigzag_index = (
0, 1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 27, 28,
2, 4, 7, 13, 16, 26, 29, 42,
3, 8, 12, 17, 25, 30, 41, 43,
9, 11, 18, 24, 31, 40, 44, 53,
10, 19, 23, 32, 39, 45, 52, 54,
20, 22, 33, 38, 46, 51, 55, 60,
21, 34, 37, 47, 50, 56, 59, 61,
35, 36, 48, 49, 57, 58, 62, 63,
)
samplings = {
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1): 0,
(2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1): 1,
(2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1): 2,
}
# fmt: on
def convert_dict_qtables(qtables):
warnings.warn(
"convert_dict_qtables is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 10"
"(2023-01-02). Conversion is no longer needed.",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return qtables
def get_sampling(im):
# There's no subsampling when images have only 1 layer
# (grayscale images) or when they are CMYK (4 layers),
# so set subsampling to the default value.
#
# NOTE: currently Pillow can't encode JPEG to YCCK format.
# If YCCK support is added in the future, subsampling code will have
# to be updated (here and in JpegEncode.c) to deal with 4 layers.
if not hasattr(im, "layers") or im.layers in (1, 4):
return -1
sampling = im.layer[0][1:3] + im.layer[1][1:3] + im.layer[2][1:3]
return samplings.get(sampling, -1)
def _save(im, fp, filename):
try:
rawmode = RAWMODE[im.mode]
except KeyError as e:
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as JPEG") from e
info = im.encoderinfo
dpi = [round(x) for x in info.get("dpi", (0, 0))]
quality = info.get("quality", -1)
subsampling = info.get("subsampling", -1)
qtables = info.get("qtables")
if quality == "keep":
quality = -1
subsampling = "keep"
qtables = "keep"
elif quality in presets:
preset = presets[quality]
quality = -1
subsampling = preset.get("subsampling", -1)
qtables = preset.get("quantization")
elif not isinstance(quality, int):
raise ValueError("Invalid quality setting")
else:
if subsampling in presets:
subsampling = presets[subsampling].get("subsampling", -1)
if isinstance(qtables, str) and qtables in presets:
qtables = presets[qtables].get("quantization")
if subsampling == "4:4:4":
subsampling = 0
elif subsampling == "4:2:2":
subsampling = 1
elif subsampling == "4:2:0":
subsampling = 2
elif subsampling == "4:1:1":
# For compatibility. Before Pillow 4.3, 4:1:1 actually meant 4:2:0.
# Set 4:2:0 if someone is still using that value.
subsampling = 2
elif subsampling == "keep":
if im.format != "JPEG":
raise ValueError("Cannot use 'keep' when original image is not a JPEG")
subsampling = get_sampling(im)
def validate_qtables(qtables):
if qtables is None:
return qtables
if isinstance(qtables, str):
try:
lines = [
int(num)
for line in qtables.splitlines()
for num in line.split("#", 1)[0].split()
]
except ValueError as e:
raise ValueError("Invalid quantization table") from e
else:
qtables = [lines[s : s + 64] for s in range(0, len(lines), 64)]
if isinstance(qtables, (tuple, list, dict)):
if isinstance(qtables, dict):
qtables = [
qtables[key] for key in range(len(qtables)) if key in qtables
]
elif isinstance(qtables, tuple):
qtables = list(qtables)
if not (0 < len(qtables) < 5):
raise ValueError("None or too many quantization tables")
for idx, table in enumerate(qtables):
try:
if len(table) != 64:
raise TypeError
table = array.array("H", table)
except TypeError as e:
raise ValueError("Invalid quantization table") from e
else:
qtables[idx] = list(table)
return qtables
if qtables == "keep":
if im.format != "JPEG":
raise ValueError("Cannot use 'keep' when original image is not a JPEG")
qtables = getattr(im, "quantization", None)
qtables = validate_qtables(qtables)
extra = b""
icc_profile = info.get("icc_profile")
if icc_profile:
ICC_OVERHEAD_LEN = 14
MAX_BYTES_IN_MARKER = 65533
MAX_DATA_BYTES_IN_MARKER = MAX_BYTES_IN_MARKER - ICC_OVERHEAD_LEN
markers = []
while icc_profile:
markers.append(icc_profile[:MAX_DATA_BYTES_IN_MARKER])
icc_profile = icc_profile[MAX_DATA_BYTES_IN_MARKER:]
i = 1
for marker in markers:
size = struct.pack(">H", 2 + ICC_OVERHEAD_LEN + len(marker))
extra += (
b"\xFF\xE2"
+ size
+ b"ICC_PROFILE\0"
+ o8(i)
+ o8(len(markers))
+ marker
)
i += 1
# "progressive" is the official name, but older documentation
# says "progression"
# FIXME: issue a warning if the wrong form is used (post-1.1.7)
progressive = info.get("progressive", False) or info.get("progression", False)
optimize = info.get("optimize", False)
exif = info.get("exif", b"")
if isinstance(exif, Image.Exif):
exif = exif.tobytes()
# get keyword arguments
im.encoderconfig = (
quality,
progressive,
info.get("smooth", 0),
optimize,
info.get("streamtype", 0),
dpi[0],
dpi[1],
subsampling,
qtables,
extra,
exif,
)
# if we optimize, libjpeg needs a buffer big enough to hold the whole image
# in a shot. Guessing on the size, at im.size bytes. (raw pixel size is
# channels*size, this is a value that's been used in a django patch.
# https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/issues/50
bufsize = 0
if optimize or progressive:
# CMYK can be bigger
if im.mode == "CMYK":
bufsize = 4 * im.size[0] * im.size[1]
# keep sets quality to -1, but the actual value may be high.
elif quality >= 95 or quality == -1:
bufsize = 2 * im.size[0] * im.size[1]
else:
bufsize = im.size[0] * im.size[1]
# The EXIF info needs to be written as one block, + APP1, + one spare byte.
# Ensure that our buffer is big enough. Same with the icc_profile block.
bufsize = max(ImageFile.MAXBLOCK, bufsize, len(exif) + 5, len(extra) + 1)
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("jpeg", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, rawmode)], bufsize)
def _save_cjpeg(im, fp, filename):
# ALTERNATIVE: handle JPEGs via the IJG command line utilities.
tempfile = im._dump()
subprocess.check_call(["cjpeg", "-outfile", filename, tempfile])
try:
os.unlink(tempfile)
except OSError:
pass
##
# Factory for making JPEG and MPO instances
def jpeg_factory(fp=None, filename=None):
im = JpegImageFile(fp, filename)
try:
mpheader = im._getmp()
if mpheader[45057] > 1:
# It's actually an MPO
from .MpoImagePlugin import MpoImageFile
# Don't reload everything, just convert it.
im = MpoImageFile.adopt(im, mpheader)
except (TypeError, IndexError):
# It is really a JPEG
pass
except SyntaxError:
warnings.warn(
"Image appears to be a malformed MPO file, it will be "
"interpreted as a base JPEG file"
)
return im
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry stuff
Image.register_open(JpegImageFile.format, jpeg_factory, _accept)
Image.register_save(JpegImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(JpegImageFile.format, [".jfif", ".jpe", ".jpg", ".jpeg"])
Image.register_mime(JpegImageFile.format, "image/jpeg")

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"""
JPEG quality settings equivalent to the Photoshop settings.
Can be used when saving JPEG files.
The following presets are available by default:
``web_low``, ``web_medium``, ``web_high``, ``web_very_high``, ``web_maximum``,
``low``, ``medium``, ``high``, ``maximum``.
More presets can be added to the :py:data:`presets` dict if needed.
To apply the preset, specify::
quality="preset_name"
To apply only the quantization table::
qtables="preset_name"
To apply only the subsampling setting::
subsampling="preset_name"
Example::
im.save("image_name.jpg", quality="web_high")
Subsampling
-----------
Subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution
for chroma information than for luma information.
(ref.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_subsampling)
Possible subsampling values are 0, 1 and 2 that correspond to 4:4:4, 4:2:2 and
4:2:0.
You can get the subsampling of a JPEG with the
:func:`.JpegImagePlugin.get_sampling` function.
In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of an EXIF tag.
(ref.: https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html)
Quantization tables
-------------------
They are values use by the DCT (Discrete cosine transform) to remove
*unnecessary* information from the image (the lossy part of the compression).
(ref.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_matrix#Quantization_matrices,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG#Quantization)
You can get the quantization tables of a JPEG with::
im.quantization
This will return a dict with a number of lists. You can pass this dict
directly as the qtables argument when saving a JPEG.
The quantization table format in presets is a list with sublists. These formats
are interchangeable.
Libjpeg ref.:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120328125543/http://www.jpegcameras.com/libjpeg/libjpeg-3.html
"""
# fmt: off
presets = {
'web_low': {'subsampling': 2, # "4:2:0"
'quantization': [
[20, 16, 25, 39, 50, 46, 62, 68,
16, 18, 23, 38, 38, 53, 65, 68,
25, 23, 31, 38, 53, 65, 68, 68,
39, 38, 38, 53, 65, 68, 68, 68,
50, 38, 53, 65, 68, 68, 68, 68,
46, 53, 65, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68,
62, 65, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68,
68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68],
[21, 25, 32, 38, 54, 68, 68, 68,
25, 28, 24, 38, 54, 68, 68, 68,
32, 24, 32, 43, 66, 68, 68, 68,
38, 38, 43, 53, 68, 68, 68, 68,
54, 54, 66, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68,
68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68,
68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68,
68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68]
]},
'web_medium': {'subsampling': 2, # "4:2:0"
'quantization': [
[16, 11, 11, 16, 23, 27, 31, 30,
11, 12, 12, 15, 20, 23, 23, 30,
11, 12, 13, 16, 23, 26, 35, 47,
16, 15, 16, 23, 26, 37, 47, 64,
23, 20, 23, 26, 39, 51, 64, 64,
27, 23, 26, 37, 51, 64, 64, 64,
31, 23, 35, 47, 64, 64, 64, 64,
30, 30, 47, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64],
[17, 15, 17, 21, 20, 26, 38, 48,
15, 19, 18, 17, 20, 26, 35, 43,
17, 18, 20, 22, 26, 30, 46, 53,
21, 17, 22, 28, 30, 39, 53, 64,
20, 20, 26, 30, 39, 48, 64, 64,
26, 26, 30, 39, 48, 63, 64, 64,
38, 35, 46, 53, 64, 64, 64, 64,
48, 43, 53, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]
]},
'web_high': {'subsampling': 0, # "4:4:4"
'quantization': [
[6, 4, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 16,
4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12,
4, 5, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 19,
6, 6, 6, 11, 12, 15, 19, 28,
9, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 27, 31,
11, 10, 12, 15, 20, 27, 31, 31,
12, 12, 14, 19, 27, 31, 31, 31,
16, 12, 19, 28, 31, 31, 31, 31],
[7, 7, 13, 24, 26, 31, 31, 31,
7, 12, 16, 21, 31, 31, 31, 31,
13, 16, 17, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31,
24, 21, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31,
26, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31,
31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31,
31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31,
31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31]
]},
'web_very_high': {'subsampling': 0, # "4:4:4"
'quantization': [
[2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9,
2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12,
3, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 12,
4, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 12, 12,
5, 5, 7, 9, 12, 12, 12, 12,
6, 6, 9, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
[3, 3, 5, 9, 13, 15, 15, 15,
3, 4, 6, 11, 14, 12, 12, 12,
5, 6, 9, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12,
9, 11, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
13, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12]
]},
'web_maximum': {'subsampling': 0, # "4:4:4"
'quantization': [
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3,
1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3,
1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3],
[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3,
1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3,
1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3]
]},
'low': {'subsampling': 2, # "4:2:0"
'quantization': [
[18, 14, 14, 21, 30, 35, 34, 17,
14, 16, 16, 19, 26, 23, 12, 12,
14, 16, 17, 21, 23, 12, 12, 12,
21, 19, 21, 23, 12, 12, 12, 12,
30, 26, 23, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
35, 23, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
34, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
[20, 19, 22, 27, 20, 20, 17, 17,
19, 25, 23, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12,
22, 23, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12,
27, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
20, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
20, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12]
]},
'medium': {'subsampling': 2, # "4:2:0"
'quantization': [
[12, 8, 8, 12, 17, 21, 24, 17,
8, 9, 9, 11, 15, 19, 12, 12,
8, 9, 10, 12, 19, 12, 12, 12,
12, 11, 12, 21, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 15, 19, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
21, 19, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
24, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
[13, 11, 13, 16, 20, 20, 17, 17,
11, 14, 14, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12,
13, 14, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12,
16, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
20, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
20, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12]
]},
'high': {'subsampling': 0, # "4:4:4"
'quantization': [
[6, 4, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 16,
4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12,
4, 5, 5, 6, 10, 12, 12, 12,
6, 6, 6, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12,
9, 8, 10, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
11, 10, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
16, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
[7, 7, 13, 24, 20, 20, 17, 17,
7, 12, 16, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12,
13, 16, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12,
24, 14, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
20, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
20, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12]
]},
'maximum': {'subsampling': 0, # "4:4:4"
'quantization': [
[2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9,
2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12,
3, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 12,
4, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 12, 12,
5, 5, 7, 9, 12, 12, 12, 12,
6, 6, 9, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
[3, 3, 5, 9, 13, 15, 15, 15,
3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 12, 12, 12,
5, 6, 9, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12,
9, 10, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
13, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12]
]},
}
# fmt: on

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# Basic McIdas support for PIL
#
# History:
# 1997-05-05 fl Created (8-bit images only)
# 2009-03-08 fl Added 16/32-bit support.
#
# Thanks to Richard Jones and Craig Swank for specs and samples.
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import struct
from . import Image, ImageFile
def _accept(s):
return s[:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04"
##
# Image plugin for McIdas area images.
class McIdasImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "MCIDAS"
format_description = "McIdas area file"
def _open(self):
# parse area file directory
s = self.fp.read(256)
if not _accept(s) or len(s) != 256:
raise SyntaxError("not an McIdas area file")
self.area_descriptor_raw = s
self.area_descriptor = w = [0] + list(struct.unpack("!64i", s))
# get mode
if w[11] == 1:
mode = rawmode = "L"
elif w[11] == 2:
# FIXME: add memory map support
mode = "I"
rawmode = "I;16B"
elif w[11] == 4:
# FIXME: add memory map support
mode = "I"
rawmode = "I;32B"
else:
raise SyntaxError("unsupported McIdas format")
self.mode = mode
self._size = w[10], w[9]
offset = w[34] + w[15]
stride = w[15] + w[10] * w[11] * w[14]
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# registry
Image.register_open(McIdasImageFile.format, McIdasImageFile, _accept)
# no default extension

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# Microsoft Image Composer support for PIL
#
# Notes:
# uses TiffImagePlugin.py to read the actual image streams
#
# History:
# 97-01-20 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import olefile
from . import Image, TiffImagePlugin
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:8] == olefile.MAGIC
##
# Image plugin for Microsoft's Image Composer file format.
class MicImageFile(TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile):
format = "MIC"
format_description = "Microsoft Image Composer"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
# read the OLE directory and see if this is a likely
# to be a Microsoft Image Composer file
try:
self.ole = olefile.OleFileIO(self.fp)
except OSError as e:
raise SyntaxError("not an MIC file; invalid OLE file") from e
# find ACI subfiles with Image members (maybe not the
# best way to identify MIC files, but what the... ;-)
self.images = []
for path in self.ole.listdir():
if path[1:] and path[0][-4:] == ".ACI" and path[1] == "Image":
self.images.append(path)
# if we didn't find any images, this is probably not
# an MIC file.
if not self.images:
raise SyntaxError("not an MIC file; no image entries")
self.__fp = self.fp
self.frame = None
self._n_frames = len(self.images)
self.is_animated = self._n_frames > 1
if len(self.images) > 1:
self._category = Image.CONTAINER
self.seek(0)
def seek(self, frame):
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
try:
filename = self.images[frame]
except IndexError as e:
raise EOFError("no such frame") from e
self.fp = self.ole.openstream(filename)
TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile._open(self)
self.frame = frame
def tell(self):
return self.frame
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(MicImageFile.format, MicImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(MicImageFile.format, ".mic")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# MPEG file handling
#
# History:
# 95-09-09 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1995.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i8
#
# Bitstream parser
class BitStream:
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
self.bits = 0
self.bitbuffer = 0
def next(self):
return i8(self.fp.read(1))
def peek(self, bits):
while self.bits < bits:
c = self.next()
if c < 0:
self.bits = 0
continue
self.bitbuffer = (self.bitbuffer << 8) + c
self.bits += 8
return self.bitbuffer >> (self.bits - bits) & (1 << bits) - 1
def skip(self, bits):
while self.bits < bits:
self.bitbuffer = (self.bitbuffer << 8) + i8(self.fp.read(1))
self.bits += 8
self.bits = self.bits - bits
def read(self, bits):
v = self.peek(bits)
self.bits = self.bits - bits
return v
##
# Image plugin for MPEG streams. This plugin can identify a stream,
# but it cannot read it.
class MpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "MPEG"
format_description = "MPEG"
def _open(self):
s = BitStream(self.fp)
if s.read(32) != 0x1B3:
raise SyntaxError("not an MPEG file")
self.mode = "RGB"
self._size = s.read(12), s.read(12)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry stuff
Image.register_open(MpegImageFile.format, MpegImageFile)
Image.register_extensions(MpegImageFile.format, [".mpg", ".mpeg"])
Image.register_mime(MpegImageFile.format, "video/mpeg")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# MPO file handling
#
# See "Multi-Picture Format" (CIPA DC-007-Translation 2009, Standard of the
# Camera & Imaging Products Association)
#
# The multi-picture object combines multiple JPEG images (with a modified EXIF
# data format) into a single file. While it can theoretically be used much like
# a GIF animation, it is commonly used to represent 3D photographs and is (as
# of this writing) the most commonly used format by 3D cameras.
#
# History:
# 2014-03-13 Feneric Created
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile, JpegImagePlugin
from ._binary import i16be as i16
def _accept(prefix):
return JpegImagePlugin._accept(prefix)
def _save(im, fp, filename):
# Note that we can only save the current frame at present
return JpegImagePlugin._save(im, fp, filename)
##
# Image plugin for MPO images.
class MpoImageFile(JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
format = "MPO"
format_description = "MPO (CIPA DC-007)"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
self.fp.seek(0) # prep the fp in order to pass the JPEG test
JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile._open(self)
self._after_jpeg_open()
def _after_jpeg_open(self, mpheader=None):
self.mpinfo = mpheader if mpheader is not None else self._getmp()
self.n_frames = self.mpinfo[0xB001]
self.__mpoffsets = [
mpent["DataOffset"] + self.info["mpoffset"] for mpent in self.mpinfo[0xB002]
]
self.__mpoffsets[0] = 0
# Note that the following assertion will only be invalid if something
# gets broken within JpegImagePlugin.
assert self.n_frames == len(self.__mpoffsets)
del self.info["mpoffset"] # no longer needed
self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
self.__fp = self.fp # FIXME: hack
self.__fp.seek(self.__mpoffsets[0]) # get ready to read first frame
self.__frame = 0
self.offset = 0
# for now we can only handle reading and individual frame extraction
self.readonly = 1
def load_seek(self, pos):
self.__fp.seek(pos)
def seek(self, frame):
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
self.fp = self.__fp
self.offset = self.__mpoffsets[frame]
self.fp.seek(self.offset + 2) # skip SOI marker
segment = self.fp.read(2)
if not segment:
raise ValueError("No data found for frame")
if i16(segment) == 0xFFE1: # APP1
n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
self.info["exif"] = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
mptype = self.mpinfo[0xB002][frame]["Attribute"]["MPType"]
if mptype.startswith("Large Thumbnail"):
exif = self.getexif().get_ifd(0x8769)
if 40962 in exif and 40963 in exif:
self._size = (exif[40962], exif[40963])
elif "exif" in self.info:
del self.info["exif"]
self.tile = [("jpeg", (0, 0) + self.size, self.offset, (self.mode, ""))]
self.__frame = frame
def tell(self):
return self.__frame
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
@staticmethod
def adopt(jpeg_instance, mpheader=None):
"""
Transform the instance of JpegImageFile into
an instance of MpoImageFile.
After the call, the JpegImageFile is extended
to be an MpoImageFile.
This is essentially useful when opening a JPEG
file that reveals itself as an MPO, to avoid
double call to _open.
"""
jpeg_instance.__class__ = MpoImageFile
jpeg_instance._after_jpeg_open(mpheader)
return jpeg_instance
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry stuff
# Note that since MPO shares a factory with JPEG, we do not need to do a
# separate registration for it here.
# Image.register_open(MpoImageFile.format,
# JpegImagePlugin.jpeg_factory, _accept)
Image.register_save(MpoImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(MpoImageFile.format, ".mpo")
Image.register_mime(MpoImageFile.format, "image/mpo")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
#
# MSP file handling
#
# This is the format used by the Paint program in Windows 1 and 2.
#
# History:
# 95-09-05 fl Created
# 97-01-03 fl Read/write MSP images
# 17-02-21 es Fixed RLE interpretation
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1995-97.
# Copyright (c) Eric Soroos 2017.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
# More info on this format: https://archive.org/details/gg243631
# Page 313:
# Figure 205. Windows Paint Version 1: "DanM" Format
# Figure 206. Windows Paint Version 2: "LinS" Format. Used in Windows V2.03
#
# See also: http://www.fileformat.info/format/mspaint/egff.htm
import io
import struct
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import o16le as o16
#
# read MSP files
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] in [b"DanM", b"LinS"]
##
# Image plugin for Windows MSP images. This plugin supports both
# uncompressed (Windows 1.0).
class MspImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "MSP"
format_description = "Windows Paint"
def _open(self):
# Header
s = self.fp.read(32)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not an MSP file")
# Header checksum
checksum = 0
for i in range(0, 32, 2):
checksum = checksum ^ i16(s, i)
if checksum != 0:
raise SyntaxError("bad MSP checksum")
self.mode = "1"
self._size = i16(s, 4), i16(s, 6)
if s[:4] == b"DanM":
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 32, ("1", 0, 1))]
else:
self.tile = [("MSP", (0, 0) + self.size, 32, None)]
class MspDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
# The algo for the MSP decoder is from
# http://www.fileformat.info/format/mspaint/egff.htm
# cc-by-attribution -- That page references is taken from the
# Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats and is licensed by
# O'Reilly under the Creative Common/Attribution license
#
# For RLE encoded files, the 32byte header is followed by a scan
# line map, encoded as one 16bit word of encoded byte length per
# line.
#
# NOTE: the encoded length of the line can be 0. This was not
# handled in the previous version of this encoder, and there's no
# mention of how to handle it in the documentation. From the few
# examples I've seen, I've assumed that it is a fill of the
# background color, in this case, white.
#
#
# Pseudocode of the decoder:
# Read a BYTE value as the RunType
# If the RunType value is zero
# Read next byte as the RunCount
# Read the next byte as the RunValue
# Write the RunValue byte RunCount times
# If the RunType value is non-zero
# Use this value as the RunCount
# Read and write the next RunCount bytes literally
#
# e.g.:
# 0x00 03 ff 05 00 01 02 03 04
# would yield the bytes:
# 0xff ff ff 00 01 02 03 04
#
# which are then interpreted as a bit packed mode '1' image
_pulls_fd = True
def decode(self, buffer):
img = io.BytesIO()
blank_line = bytearray((0xFF,) * ((self.state.xsize + 7) // 8))
try:
self.fd.seek(32)
rowmap = struct.unpack_from(
f"<{self.state.ysize}H", self.fd.read(self.state.ysize * 2)
)
except struct.error as e:
raise OSError("Truncated MSP file in row map") from e
for x, rowlen in enumerate(rowmap):
try:
if rowlen == 0:
img.write(blank_line)
continue
row = self.fd.read(rowlen)
if len(row) != rowlen:
raise OSError(
"Truncated MSP file, expected %d bytes on row %s", (rowlen, x)
)
idx = 0
while idx < rowlen:
runtype = row[idx]
idx += 1
if runtype == 0:
(runcount, runval) = struct.unpack_from("Bc", row, idx)
img.write(runval * runcount)
idx += 2
else:
runcount = runtype
img.write(row[idx : idx + runcount])
idx += runcount
except struct.error as e:
raise OSError(f"Corrupted MSP file in row {x}") from e
self.set_as_raw(img.getvalue(), ("1", 0, 1))
return 0, 0
Image.register_decoder("MSP", MspDecoder)
#
# write MSP files (uncompressed only)
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if im.mode != "1":
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as MSP")
# create MSP header
header = [0] * 16
header[0], header[1] = i16(b"Da"), i16(b"nM") # version 1
header[2], header[3] = im.size
header[4], header[5] = 1, 1
header[6], header[7] = 1, 1
header[8], header[9] = im.size
checksum = 0
for h in header:
checksum = checksum ^ h
header[12] = checksum # FIXME: is this the right field?
# header
for h in header:
fp.write(o16(h))
# image body
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 32, ("1", 0, 1))])
#
# registry
Image.register_open(MspImageFile.format, MspImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(MspImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(MspImageFile.format, ".msp")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# Simple PostScript graphics interface
#
# History:
# 1996-04-20 fl Created
# 1999-01-10 fl Added gsave/grestore to image method
# 2005-05-04 fl Fixed floating point issue in image (from Eric Etheridge)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2005 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 1996 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import sys
from . import EpsImagePlugin
##
# Simple PostScript graphics interface.
class PSDraw:
"""
Sets up printing to the given file. If ``fp`` is omitted,
``sys.stdout.buffer`` or ``sys.stdout`` is assumed.
"""
def __init__(self, fp=None):
if not fp:
try:
fp = sys.stdout.buffer
except AttributeError:
fp = sys.stdout
self.fp = fp
def begin_document(self, id=None):
"""Set up printing of a document. (Write PostScript DSC header.)"""
# FIXME: incomplete
self.fp.write(
b"%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n"
b"save\n"
b"/showpage { } def\n"
b"%%EndComments\n"
b"%%BeginDocument\n"
)
# self.fp.write(ERROR_PS) # debugging!
self.fp.write(EDROFF_PS)
self.fp.write(VDI_PS)
self.fp.write(b"%%EndProlog\n")
self.isofont = {}
def end_document(self):
"""Ends printing. (Write PostScript DSC footer.)"""
self.fp.write(b"%%EndDocument\nrestore showpage\n%%End\n")
if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):
self.fp.flush()
def setfont(self, font, size):
"""
Selects which font to use.
:param font: A PostScript font name
:param size: Size in points.
"""
font = bytes(font, "UTF-8")
if font not in self.isofont:
# reencode font
self.fp.write(b"/PSDraw-%s ISOLatin1Encoding /%s E\n" % (font, font))
self.isofont[font] = 1
# rough
self.fp.write(b"/F0 %d /PSDraw-%s F\n" % (size, font))
def line(self, xy0, xy1):
"""
Draws a line between the two points. Coordinates are given in
PostScript point coordinates (72 points per inch, (0, 0) is the lower
left corner of the page).
"""
self.fp.write(b"%d %d %d %d Vl\n" % (*xy0, *xy1))
def rectangle(self, box):
"""
Draws a rectangle.
:param box: A 4-tuple of integers whose order and function is currently
undocumented.
Hint: the tuple is passed into this format string:
.. code-block:: python
%d %d M %d %d 0 Vr\n
"""
self.fp.write(b"%d %d M %d %d 0 Vr\n" % box)
def text(self, xy, text):
"""
Draws text at the given position. You must use
:py:meth:`~PIL.PSDraw.PSDraw.setfont` before calling this method.
"""
text = bytes(text, "UTF-8")
text = b"\\(".join(text.split(b"("))
text = b"\\)".join(text.split(b")"))
xy += (text,)
self.fp.write(b"%d %d M (%s) S\n" % xy)
def image(self, box, im, dpi=None):
"""Draw a PIL image, centered in the given box."""
# default resolution depends on mode
if not dpi:
if im.mode == "1":
dpi = 200 # fax
else:
dpi = 100 # greyscale
# image size (on paper)
x = im.size[0] * 72 / dpi
y = im.size[1] * 72 / dpi
# max allowed size
xmax = float(box[2] - box[0])
ymax = float(box[3] - box[1])
if x > xmax:
y = y * xmax / x
x = xmax
if y > ymax:
x = x * ymax / y
y = ymax
dx = (xmax - x) / 2 + box[0]
dy = (ymax - y) / 2 + box[1]
self.fp.write(b"gsave\n%f %f translate\n" % (dx, dy))
if (x, y) != im.size:
# EpsImagePlugin._save prints the image at (0,0,xsize,ysize)
sx = x / im.size[0]
sy = y / im.size[1]
self.fp.write(b"%f %f scale\n" % (sx, sy))
EpsImagePlugin._save(im, self.fp, None, 0)
self.fp.write(b"\ngrestore\n")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# PostScript driver
#
# EDROFF.PS -- PostScript driver for Edroff 2
#
# History:
# 94-01-25 fl: created (edroff 2.04)
#
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1994.
#
EDROFF_PS = b"""\
/S { show } bind def
/P { moveto show } bind def
/M { moveto } bind def
/X { 0 rmoveto } bind def
/Y { 0 exch rmoveto } bind def
/E { findfont
dup maxlength dict begin
{
1 index /FID ne { def } { pop pop } ifelse
} forall
/Encoding exch def
dup /FontName exch def
currentdict end definefont pop
} bind def
/F { findfont exch scalefont dup setfont
[ exch /setfont cvx ] cvx bind def
} bind def
"""
#
# VDI.PS -- PostScript driver for VDI meta commands
#
# History:
# 94-01-25 fl: created (edroff 2.04)
#
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1994.
#
VDI_PS = b"""\
/Vm { moveto } bind def
/Va { newpath arcn stroke } bind def
/Vl { moveto lineto stroke } bind def
/Vc { newpath 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Vr { exch dup 0 rlineto
exch dup neg 0 exch rlineto
exch neg 0 rlineto
0 exch rlineto
100 div setgray fill 0 setgray } bind def
/Tm matrix def
/Ve { Tm currentmatrix pop
translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath
Tm setmatrix
} bind def
/Vf { currentgray exch setgray fill setgray } bind def
"""
#
# ERROR.PS -- Error handler
#
# History:
# 89-11-21 fl: created (pslist 1.10)
#
ERROR_PS = b"""\
/landscape false def
/errorBUF 200 string def
/errorNL { currentpoint 10 sub exch pop 72 exch moveto } def
errordict begin /handleerror {
initmatrix /Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont
newpath 72 720 moveto $error begin /newerror false def
(PostScript Error) show errorNL errorNL
(Error: ) show
/errorname load errorBUF cvs show errorNL errorNL
(Command: ) show
/command load dup type /stringtype ne { errorBUF cvs } if show
errorNL errorNL
(VMstatus: ) show
vmstatus errorBUF cvs show ( bytes available, ) show
errorBUF cvs show ( bytes used at level ) show
errorBUF cvs show errorNL errorNL
(Operand stargck: ) show errorNL /ostargck load {
dup type /stringtype ne { errorBUF cvs } if 72 0 rmoveto show errorNL
} forall errorNL
(Execution stargck: ) show errorNL /estargck load {
dup type /stringtype ne { errorBUF cvs } if 72 0 rmoveto show errorNL
} forall
end showpage
} def end
"""

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#
# Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# stuff to read simple, teragon-style palette files
#
# History:
# 97-08-23 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from ._binary import o8
class PaletteFile:
"""File handler for Teragon-style palette files."""
rawmode = "RGB"
def __init__(self, fp):
self.palette = [(i, i, i) for i in range(256)]
while True:
s = fp.readline()
if not s:
break
if s[0:1] == b"#":
continue
if len(s) > 100:
raise SyntaxError("bad palette file")
v = [int(x) for x in s.split()]
try:
[i, r, g, b] = v
except ValueError:
[i, r] = v
g = b = r
if 0 <= i <= 255:
self.palette[i] = o8(r) + o8(g) + o8(b)
self.palette = b"".join(self.palette)
def getpalette(self):
return self.palette, self.rawmode

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
##
# Image plugin for Palm pixmap images (output only).
##
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import o8
from ._binary import o16be as o16b
# fmt: off
_Palm8BitColormapValues = (
(255, 255, 255), (255, 204, 255), (255, 153, 255), (255, 102, 255),
(255, 51, 255), (255, 0, 255), (255, 255, 204), (255, 204, 204),
(255, 153, 204), (255, 102, 204), (255, 51, 204), (255, 0, 204),
(255, 255, 153), (255, 204, 153), (255, 153, 153), (255, 102, 153),
(255, 51, 153), (255, 0, 153), (204, 255, 255), (204, 204, 255),
(204, 153, 255), (204, 102, 255), (204, 51, 255), (204, 0, 255),
(204, 255, 204), (204, 204, 204), (204, 153, 204), (204, 102, 204),
(204, 51, 204), (204, 0, 204), (204, 255, 153), (204, 204, 153),
(204, 153, 153), (204, 102, 153), (204, 51, 153), (204, 0, 153),
(153, 255, 255), (153, 204, 255), (153, 153, 255), (153, 102, 255),
(153, 51, 255), (153, 0, 255), (153, 255, 204), (153, 204, 204),
(153, 153, 204), (153, 102, 204), (153, 51, 204), (153, 0, 204),
(153, 255, 153), (153, 204, 153), (153, 153, 153), (153, 102, 153),
(153, 51, 153), (153, 0, 153), (102, 255, 255), (102, 204, 255),
(102, 153, 255), (102, 102, 255), (102, 51, 255), (102, 0, 255),
(102, 255, 204), (102, 204, 204), (102, 153, 204), (102, 102, 204),
(102, 51, 204), (102, 0, 204), (102, 255, 153), (102, 204, 153),
(102, 153, 153), (102, 102, 153), (102, 51, 153), (102, 0, 153),
(51, 255, 255), (51, 204, 255), (51, 153, 255), (51, 102, 255),
(51, 51, 255), (51, 0, 255), (51, 255, 204), (51, 204, 204),
(51, 153, 204), (51, 102, 204), (51, 51, 204), (51, 0, 204),
(51, 255, 153), (51, 204, 153), (51, 153, 153), (51, 102, 153),
(51, 51, 153), (51, 0, 153), (0, 255, 255), (0, 204, 255),
(0, 153, 255), (0, 102, 255), (0, 51, 255), (0, 0, 255),
(0, 255, 204), (0, 204, 204), (0, 153, 204), (0, 102, 204),
(0, 51, 204), (0, 0, 204), (0, 255, 153), (0, 204, 153),
(0, 153, 153), (0, 102, 153), (0, 51, 153), (0, 0, 153),
(255, 255, 102), (255, 204, 102), (255, 153, 102), (255, 102, 102),
(255, 51, 102), (255, 0, 102), (255, 255, 51), (255, 204, 51),
(255, 153, 51), (255, 102, 51), (255, 51, 51), (255, 0, 51),
(255, 255, 0), (255, 204, 0), (255, 153, 0), (255, 102, 0),
(255, 51, 0), (255, 0, 0), (204, 255, 102), (204, 204, 102),
(204, 153, 102), (204, 102, 102), (204, 51, 102), (204, 0, 102),
(204, 255, 51), (204, 204, 51), (204, 153, 51), (204, 102, 51),
(204, 51, 51), (204, 0, 51), (204, 255, 0), (204, 204, 0),
(204, 153, 0), (204, 102, 0), (204, 51, 0), (204, 0, 0),
(153, 255, 102), (153, 204, 102), (153, 153, 102), (153, 102, 102),
(153, 51, 102), (153, 0, 102), (153, 255, 51), (153, 204, 51),
(153, 153, 51), (153, 102, 51), (153, 51, 51), (153, 0, 51),
(153, 255, 0), (153, 204, 0), (153, 153, 0), (153, 102, 0),
(153, 51, 0), (153, 0, 0), (102, 255, 102), (102, 204, 102),
(102, 153, 102), (102, 102, 102), (102, 51, 102), (102, 0, 102),
(102, 255, 51), (102, 204, 51), (102, 153, 51), (102, 102, 51),
(102, 51, 51), (102, 0, 51), (102, 255, 0), (102, 204, 0),
(102, 153, 0), (102, 102, 0), (102, 51, 0), (102, 0, 0),
(51, 255, 102), (51, 204, 102), (51, 153, 102), (51, 102, 102),
(51, 51, 102), (51, 0, 102), (51, 255, 51), (51, 204, 51),
(51, 153, 51), (51, 102, 51), (51, 51, 51), (51, 0, 51),
(51, 255, 0), (51, 204, 0), (51, 153, 0), (51, 102, 0),
(51, 51, 0), (51, 0, 0), (0, 255, 102), (0, 204, 102),
(0, 153, 102), (0, 102, 102), (0, 51, 102), (0, 0, 102),
(0, 255, 51), (0, 204, 51), (0, 153, 51), (0, 102, 51),
(0, 51, 51), (0, 0, 51), (0, 255, 0), (0, 204, 0),
(0, 153, 0), (0, 102, 0), (0, 51, 0), (17, 17, 17),
(34, 34, 34), (68, 68, 68), (85, 85, 85), (119, 119, 119),
(136, 136, 136), (170, 170, 170), (187, 187, 187), (221, 221, 221),
(238, 238, 238), (192, 192, 192), (128, 0, 0), (128, 0, 128),
(0, 128, 0), (0, 128, 128), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0))
# fmt: on
# so build a prototype image to be used for palette resampling
def build_prototype_image():
image = Image.new("L", (1, len(_Palm8BitColormapValues)))
image.putdata(list(range(len(_Palm8BitColormapValues))))
palettedata = ()
for colormapValue in _Palm8BitColormapValues:
palettedata += colormapValue
palettedata += (0, 0, 0) * (256 - len(_Palm8BitColormapValues))
image.putpalette(palettedata)
return image
Palm8BitColormapImage = build_prototype_image()
# OK, we now have in Palm8BitColormapImage,
# a "P"-mode image with the right palette
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
_FLAGS = {"custom-colormap": 0x4000, "is-compressed": 0x8000, "has-transparent": 0x2000}
_COMPRESSION_TYPES = {"none": 0xFF, "rle": 0x01, "scanline": 0x00}
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
##
# (Internal) Image save plugin for the Palm format.
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if im.mode == "P":
# we assume this is a color Palm image with the standard colormap,
# unless the "info" dict has a "custom-colormap" field
rawmode = "P"
bpp = 8
version = 1
elif im.mode == "L":
if im.encoderinfo.get("bpp") in (1, 2, 4):
# this is 8-bit grayscale, so we shift it to get the high-order bits,
# and invert it because
# Palm does greyscale from white (0) to black (1)
bpp = im.encoderinfo["bpp"]
im = im.point(
lambda x, shift=8 - bpp, maxval=(1 << bpp) - 1: maxval - (x >> shift)
)
elif im.info.get("bpp") in (1, 2, 4):
# here we assume that even though the inherent mode is 8-bit grayscale,
# only the lower bpp bits are significant.
# We invert them to match the Palm.
bpp = im.info["bpp"]
im = im.point(lambda x, maxval=(1 << bpp) - 1: maxval - (x & maxval))
else:
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as Palm")
# we ignore the palette here
im.mode = "P"
rawmode = "P;" + str(bpp)
version = 1
elif im.mode == "1":
# monochrome -- write it inverted, as is the Palm standard
rawmode = "1;I"
bpp = 1
version = 0
else:
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as Palm")
#
# make sure image data is available
im.load()
# write header
cols = im.size[0]
rows = im.size[1]
rowbytes = int((cols + (16 // bpp - 1)) / (16 // bpp)) * 2
transparent_index = 0
compression_type = _COMPRESSION_TYPES["none"]
flags = 0
if im.mode == "P" and "custom-colormap" in im.info:
flags = flags & _FLAGS["custom-colormap"]
colormapsize = 4 * 256 + 2
colormapmode = im.palette.mode
colormap = im.getdata().getpalette()
else:
colormapsize = 0
if "offset" in im.info:
offset = (rowbytes * rows + 16 + 3 + colormapsize) // 4
else:
offset = 0
fp.write(o16b(cols) + o16b(rows) + o16b(rowbytes) + o16b(flags))
fp.write(o8(bpp))
fp.write(o8(version))
fp.write(o16b(offset))
fp.write(o8(transparent_index))
fp.write(o8(compression_type))
fp.write(o16b(0)) # reserved by Palm
# now write colormap if necessary
if colormapsize > 0:
fp.write(o16b(256))
for i in range(256):
fp.write(o8(i))
if colormapmode == "RGB":
fp.write(
o8(colormap[3 * i])
+ o8(colormap[3 * i + 1])
+ o8(colormap[3 * i + 2])
)
elif colormapmode == "RGBA":
fp.write(
o8(colormap[4 * i])
+ o8(colormap[4 * i + 1])
+ o8(colormap[4 * i + 2])
)
# now convert data to raw form
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (rawmode, rowbytes, 1))])
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_save("Palm", _save)
Image.register_extension("Palm", ".palm")
Image.register_mime("Palm", "image/palm")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# PCD file handling
#
# History:
# 96-05-10 fl Created
# 96-05-27 fl Added draft mode (128x192, 256x384)
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
##
# Image plugin for PhotoCD images. This plugin only reads the 768x512
# image from the file; higher resolutions are encoded in a proprietary
# encoding.
class PcdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "PCD"
format_description = "Kodak PhotoCD"
def _open(self):
# rough
self.fp.seek(2048)
s = self.fp.read(2048)
if s[:4] != b"PCD_":
raise SyntaxError("not a PCD file")
orientation = s[1538] & 3
self.tile_post_rotate = None
if orientation == 1:
self.tile_post_rotate = 90
elif orientation == 3:
self.tile_post_rotate = -90
self.mode = "RGB"
self._size = 768, 512 # FIXME: not correct for rotated images!
self.tile = [("pcd", (0, 0) + self.size, 96 * 2048, None)]
def load_end(self):
if self.tile_post_rotate:
# Handle rotated PCDs
self.im = self.im.rotate(self.tile_post_rotate)
self._size = self.im.size
#
# registry
Image.register_open(PcdImageFile.format, PcdImageFile)
Image.register_extension(PcdImageFile.format, ".pcd")

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#
# THIS IS WORK IN PROGRESS
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# portable compiled font file parser
#
# history:
# 1997-08-19 fl created
# 2003-09-13 fl fixed loading of unicode fonts
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
from . import FontFile, Image
from ._binary import i8
from ._binary import i16be as b16
from ._binary import i16le as l16
from ._binary import i32be as b32
from ._binary import i32le as l32
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# declarations
PCF_MAGIC = 0x70636601 # "\x01fcp"
PCF_PROPERTIES = 1 << 0
PCF_ACCELERATORS = 1 << 1
PCF_METRICS = 1 << 2
PCF_BITMAPS = 1 << 3
PCF_INK_METRICS = 1 << 4
PCF_BDF_ENCODINGS = 1 << 5
PCF_SWIDTHS = 1 << 6
PCF_GLYPH_NAMES = 1 << 7
PCF_BDF_ACCELERATORS = 1 << 8
BYTES_PER_ROW = [
lambda bits: ((bits + 7) >> 3),
lambda bits: ((bits + 15) >> 3) & ~1,
lambda bits: ((bits + 31) >> 3) & ~3,
lambda bits: ((bits + 63) >> 3) & ~7,
]
def sz(s, o):
return s[o : s.index(b"\0", o)]
class PcfFontFile(FontFile.FontFile):
"""Font file plugin for the X11 PCF format."""
name = "name"
def __init__(self, fp, charset_encoding="iso8859-1"):
self.charset_encoding = charset_encoding
magic = l32(fp.read(4))
if magic != PCF_MAGIC:
raise SyntaxError("not a PCF file")
super().__init__()
count = l32(fp.read(4))
self.toc = {}
for i in range(count):
type = l32(fp.read(4))
self.toc[type] = l32(fp.read(4)), l32(fp.read(4)), l32(fp.read(4))
self.fp = fp
self.info = self._load_properties()
metrics = self._load_metrics()
bitmaps = self._load_bitmaps(metrics)
encoding = self._load_encoding()
#
# create glyph structure
for ch in range(256):
ix = encoding[ch]
if ix is not None:
x, y, l, r, w, a, d, f = metrics[ix]
glyph = (w, 0), (l, d - y, x + l, d), (0, 0, x, y), bitmaps[ix]
self.glyph[ch] = glyph
def _getformat(self, tag):
format, size, offset = self.toc[tag]
fp = self.fp
fp.seek(offset)
format = l32(fp.read(4))
if format & 4:
i16, i32 = b16, b32
else:
i16, i32 = l16, l32
return fp, format, i16, i32
def _load_properties(self):
#
# font properties
properties = {}
fp, format, i16, i32 = self._getformat(PCF_PROPERTIES)
nprops = i32(fp.read(4))
# read property description
p = []
for i in range(nprops):
p.append((i32(fp.read(4)), i8(fp.read(1)), i32(fp.read(4))))
if nprops & 3:
fp.seek(4 - (nprops & 3), io.SEEK_CUR) # pad
data = fp.read(i32(fp.read(4)))
for k, s, v in p:
k = sz(data, k)
if s:
v = sz(data, v)
properties[k] = v
return properties
def _load_metrics(self):
#
# font metrics
metrics = []
fp, format, i16, i32 = self._getformat(PCF_METRICS)
append = metrics.append
if (format & 0xFF00) == 0x100:
# "compressed" metrics
for i in range(i16(fp.read(2))):
left = i8(fp.read(1)) - 128
right = i8(fp.read(1)) - 128
width = i8(fp.read(1)) - 128
ascent = i8(fp.read(1)) - 128
descent = i8(fp.read(1)) - 128
xsize = right - left
ysize = ascent + descent
append((xsize, ysize, left, right, width, ascent, descent, 0))
else:
# "jumbo" metrics
for i in range(i32(fp.read(4))):
left = i16(fp.read(2))
right = i16(fp.read(2))
width = i16(fp.read(2))
ascent = i16(fp.read(2))
descent = i16(fp.read(2))
attributes = i16(fp.read(2))
xsize = right - left
ysize = ascent + descent
append((xsize, ysize, left, right, width, ascent, descent, attributes))
return metrics
def _load_bitmaps(self, metrics):
#
# bitmap data
bitmaps = []
fp, format, i16, i32 = self._getformat(PCF_BITMAPS)
nbitmaps = i32(fp.read(4))
if nbitmaps != len(metrics):
raise OSError("Wrong number of bitmaps")
offsets = []
for i in range(nbitmaps):
offsets.append(i32(fp.read(4)))
bitmapSizes = []
for i in range(4):
bitmapSizes.append(i32(fp.read(4)))
# byteorder = format & 4 # non-zero => MSB
bitorder = format & 8 # non-zero => MSB
padindex = format & 3
bitmapsize = bitmapSizes[padindex]
offsets.append(bitmapsize)
data = fp.read(bitmapsize)
pad = BYTES_PER_ROW[padindex]
mode = "1;R"
if bitorder:
mode = "1"
for i in range(nbitmaps):
x, y, l, r, w, a, d, f = metrics[i]
b, e = offsets[i], offsets[i + 1]
bitmaps.append(Image.frombytes("1", (x, y), data[b:e], "raw", mode, pad(x)))
return bitmaps
def _load_encoding(self):
# map character code to bitmap index
encoding = [None] * 256
fp, format, i16, i32 = self._getformat(PCF_BDF_ENCODINGS)
firstCol, lastCol = i16(fp.read(2)), i16(fp.read(2))
firstRow, lastRow = i16(fp.read(2)), i16(fp.read(2))
i16(fp.read(2)) # default
nencoding = (lastCol - firstCol + 1) * (lastRow - firstRow + 1)
encodingOffsets = [i16(fp.read(2)) for _ in range(nencoding)]
for i in range(firstCol, len(encoding)):
try:
encodingOffset = encodingOffsets[
ord(bytearray([i]).decode(self.charset_encoding))
]
if encodingOffset != 0xFFFF:
encoding[i] = encodingOffset
except UnicodeDecodeError:
# character is not supported in selected encoding
pass
return encoding

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# PCX file handling
#
# This format was originally used by ZSoft's popular PaintBrush
# program for the IBM PC. It is also supported by many MS-DOS and
# Windows applications, including the Windows PaintBrush program in
# Windows 3.
#
# history:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created
# 1996-05-20 fl Fixed RGB support
# 1997-01-03 fl Fixed 2-bit and 4-bit support
# 1999-02-03 fl Fixed 8-bit support (broken in 1.0b1)
# 1999-02-07 fl Added write support
# 2002-06-09 fl Made 2-bit and 4-bit support a bit more robust
# 2002-07-30 fl Seek from to current position, not beginning of file
# 2003-06-03 fl Extract DPI settings (info["dpi"])
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
import logging
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import o8
from ._binary import o16le as o16
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[0] == 10 and prefix[1] in [0, 2, 3, 5]
##
# Image plugin for Paintbrush images.
class PcxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "PCX"
format_description = "Paintbrush"
def _open(self):
# header
s = self.fp.read(128)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not a PCX file")
# image
bbox = i16(s, 4), i16(s, 6), i16(s, 8) + 1, i16(s, 10) + 1
if bbox[2] <= bbox[0] or bbox[3] <= bbox[1]:
raise SyntaxError("bad PCX image size")
logger.debug("BBox: %s %s %s %s", *bbox)
# format
version = s[1]
bits = s[3]
planes = s[65]
provided_stride = i16(s, 66)
logger.debug(
"PCX version %s, bits %s, planes %s, stride %s",
version,
bits,
planes,
provided_stride,
)
self.info["dpi"] = i16(s, 12), i16(s, 14)
if bits == 1 and planes == 1:
mode = rawmode = "1"
elif bits == 1 and planes in (2, 4):
mode = "P"
rawmode = "P;%dL" % planes
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", s[16:64])
elif version == 5 and bits == 8 and planes == 1:
mode = rawmode = "L"
# FIXME: hey, this doesn't work with the incremental loader !!!
self.fp.seek(-769, io.SEEK_END)
s = self.fp.read(769)
if len(s) == 769 and s[0] == 12:
# check if the palette is linear greyscale
for i in range(256):
if s[i * 3 + 1 : i * 3 + 4] != o8(i) * 3:
mode = rawmode = "P"
break
if mode == "P":
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", s[1:])
self.fp.seek(128)
elif version == 5 and bits == 8 and planes == 3:
mode = "RGB"
rawmode = "RGB;L"
else:
raise OSError("unknown PCX mode")
self.mode = mode
self._size = bbox[2] - bbox[0], bbox[3] - bbox[1]
# Don't trust the passed in stride.
# Calculate the approximate position for ourselves.
# CVE-2020-35653
stride = (self._size[0] * bits + 7) // 8
# While the specification states that this must be even,
# not all images follow this
if provided_stride != stride:
stride += stride % 2
bbox = (0, 0) + self.size
logger.debug("size: %sx%s", *self.size)
self.tile = [("pcx", bbox, self.fp.tell(), (rawmode, planes * stride))]
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# save PCX files
SAVE = {
# mode: (version, bits, planes, raw mode)
"1": (2, 1, 1, "1"),
"L": (5, 8, 1, "L"),
"P": (5, 8, 1, "P"),
"RGB": (5, 8, 3, "RGB;L"),
}
def _save(im, fp, filename):
try:
version, bits, planes, rawmode = SAVE[im.mode]
except KeyError as e:
raise ValueError(f"Cannot save {im.mode} images as PCX") from e
# bytes per plane
stride = (im.size[0] * bits + 7) // 8
# stride should be even
stride += stride % 2
# Stride needs to be kept in sync with the PcxEncode.c version.
# Ideally it should be passed in in the state, but the bytes value
# gets overwritten.
logger.debug(
"PcxImagePlugin._save: xwidth: %d, bits: %d, stride: %d",
im.size[0],
bits,
stride,
)
# under windows, we could determine the current screen size with
# "Image.core.display_mode()[1]", but I think that's overkill...
screen = im.size
dpi = 100, 100
# PCX header
fp.write(
o8(10)
+ o8(version)
+ o8(1)
+ o8(bits)
+ o16(0)
+ o16(0)
+ o16(im.size[0] - 1)
+ o16(im.size[1] - 1)
+ o16(dpi[0])
+ o16(dpi[1])
+ b"\0" * 24
+ b"\xFF" * 24
+ b"\0"
+ o8(planes)
+ o16(stride)
+ o16(1)
+ o16(screen[0])
+ o16(screen[1])
+ b"\0" * 54
)
assert fp.tell() == 128
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("pcx", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (rawmode, bits * planes))])
if im.mode == "P":
# colour palette
fp.write(o8(12))
fp.write(im.im.getpalette("RGB", "RGB")) # 768 bytes
elif im.mode == "L":
# greyscale palette
fp.write(o8(12))
for i in range(256):
fp.write(o8(i) * 3)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# registry
Image.register_open(PcxImageFile.format, PcxImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(PcxImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(PcxImageFile.format, ".pcx")
Image.register_mime(PcxImageFile.format, "image/x-pcx")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# PDF (Acrobat) file handling
#
# History:
# 1996-07-16 fl Created
# 1997-01-18 fl Fixed header
# 2004-02-21 fl Fixes for 1/L/CMYK images, etc.
# 2004-02-24 fl Fixes for 1 and P images.
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2004 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
##
# Image plugin for PDF images (output only).
##
import io
import os
import time
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImageSequence, PdfParser, __version__
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# object ids:
# 1. catalogue
# 2. pages
# 3. image
# 4. page
# 5. page contents
def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
_save(im, fp, filename, save_all=True)
##
# (Internal) Image save plugin for the PDF format.
def _save(im, fp, filename, save_all=False):
is_appending = im.encoderinfo.get("append", False)
if is_appending:
existing_pdf = PdfParser.PdfParser(f=fp, filename=filename, mode="r+b")
else:
existing_pdf = PdfParser.PdfParser(f=fp, filename=filename, mode="w+b")
resolution = im.encoderinfo.get("resolution", 72.0)
info = {
"title": None
if is_appending
else os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0],
"author": None,
"subject": None,
"keywords": None,
"creator": None,
"producer": None,
"creationDate": None if is_appending else time.gmtime(),
"modDate": None if is_appending else time.gmtime(),
}
for k, default in info.items():
v = im.encoderinfo.get(k) if k in im.encoderinfo else default
if v:
existing_pdf.info[k[0].upper() + k[1:]] = v
#
# make sure image data is available
im.load()
existing_pdf.start_writing()
existing_pdf.write_header()
existing_pdf.write_comment(f"created by Pillow {__version__} PDF driver")
#
# pages
ims = [im]
if save_all:
append_images = im.encoderinfo.get("append_images", [])
for append_im in append_images:
append_im.encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()
ims.append(append_im)
numberOfPages = 0
image_refs = []
page_refs = []
contents_refs = []
for im in ims:
im_numberOfPages = 1
if save_all:
try:
im_numberOfPages = im.n_frames
except AttributeError:
# Image format does not have n_frames.
# It is a single frame image
pass
numberOfPages += im_numberOfPages
for i in range(im_numberOfPages):
image_refs.append(existing_pdf.next_object_id(0))
page_refs.append(existing_pdf.next_object_id(0))
contents_refs.append(existing_pdf.next_object_id(0))
existing_pdf.pages.append(page_refs[-1])
#
# catalog and list of pages
existing_pdf.write_catalog()
pageNumber = 0
for imSequence in ims:
im_pages = ImageSequence.Iterator(imSequence) if save_all else [imSequence]
for im in im_pages:
# FIXME: Should replace ASCIIHexDecode with RunLengthDecode
# (packbits) or LZWDecode (tiff/lzw compression). Note that
# PDF 1.2 also supports Flatedecode (zip compression).
bits = 8
params = None
decode = None
if im.mode == "1":
filter = "DCTDecode"
colorspace = PdfParser.PdfName("DeviceGray")
procset = "ImageB" # grayscale
bits = 1
elif im.mode == "L":
filter = "DCTDecode"
# params = f"<< /Predictor 15 /Columns {width-2} >>"
colorspace = PdfParser.PdfName("DeviceGray")
procset = "ImageB" # grayscale
elif im.mode == "P":
filter = "ASCIIHexDecode"
palette = im.im.getpalette("RGB")
colorspace = [
PdfParser.PdfName("Indexed"),
PdfParser.PdfName("DeviceRGB"),
255,
PdfParser.PdfBinary(palette),
]
procset = "ImageI" # indexed color
elif im.mode == "RGB":
filter = "DCTDecode"
colorspace = PdfParser.PdfName("DeviceRGB")
procset = "ImageC" # color images
elif im.mode == "CMYK":
filter = "DCTDecode"
colorspace = PdfParser.PdfName("DeviceCMYK")
procset = "ImageC" # color images
decode = [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
else:
raise ValueError(f"cannot save mode {im.mode}")
#
# image
op = io.BytesIO()
if filter == "ASCIIHexDecode":
ImageFile._save(im, op, [("hex", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, im.mode)])
elif filter == "DCTDecode":
Image.SAVE["JPEG"](im, op, filename)
elif filter == "FlateDecode":
ImageFile._save(im, op, [("zip", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, im.mode)])
elif filter == "RunLengthDecode":
ImageFile._save(im, op, [("packbits", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, im.mode)])
else:
raise ValueError(f"unsupported PDF filter ({filter})")
#
# Get image characteristics
width, height = im.size
existing_pdf.write_obj(
image_refs[pageNumber],
stream=op.getvalue(),
Type=PdfParser.PdfName("XObject"),
Subtype=PdfParser.PdfName("Image"),
Width=width, # * 72.0 / resolution,
Height=height, # * 72.0 / resolution,
Filter=PdfParser.PdfName(filter),
BitsPerComponent=bits,
Decode=decode,
DecodeParams=params,
ColorSpace=colorspace,
)
#
# page
existing_pdf.write_page(
page_refs[pageNumber],
Resources=PdfParser.PdfDict(
ProcSet=[PdfParser.PdfName("PDF"), PdfParser.PdfName(procset)],
XObject=PdfParser.PdfDict(image=image_refs[pageNumber]),
),
MediaBox=[
0,
0,
width * 72.0 / resolution,
height * 72.0 / resolution,
],
Contents=contents_refs[pageNumber],
)
#
# page contents
page_contents = b"q %f 0 0 %f 0 0 cm /image Do Q\n" % (
width * 72.0 / resolution,
height * 72.0 / resolution,
)
existing_pdf.write_obj(contents_refs[pageNumber], stream=page_contents)
pageNumber += 1
#
# trailer
existing_pdf.write_xref_and_trailer()
if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
fp.flush()
existing_pdf.close()
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_save("PDF", _save)
Image.register_save_all("PDF", _save_all)
Image.register_extension("PDF", ".pdf")
Image.register_mime("PDF", "application/pdf")

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import calendar
import codecs
import collections
import mmap
import os
import re
import time
import zlib
# see 7.9.2.2 Text String Type on page 86 and D.3 PDFDocEncoding Character Set
# on page 656
def encode_text(s):
return codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE + s.encode("utf_16_be")
PDFDocEncoding = {
0x16: "\u0017",
0x18: "\u02D8",
0x19: "\u02C7",
0x1A: "\u02C6",
0x1B: "\u02D9",
0x1C: "\u02DD",
0x1D: "\u02DB",
0x1E: "\u02DA",
0x1F: "\u02DC",
0x80: "\u2022",
0x81: "\u2020",
0x82: "\u2021",
0x83: "\u2026",
0x84: "\u2014",
0x85: "\u2013",
0x86: "\u0192",
0x87: "\u2044",
0x88: "\u2039",
0x89: "\u203A",
0x8A: "\u2212",
0x8B: "\u2030",
0x8C: "\u201E",
0x8D: "\u201C",
0x8E: "\u201D",
0x8F: "\u2018",
0x90: "\u2019",
0x91: "\u201A",
0x92: "\u2122",
0x93: "\uFB01",
0x94: "\uFB02",
0x95: "\u0141",
0x96: "\u0152",
0x97: "\u0160",
0x98: "\u0178",
0x99: "\u017D",
0x9A: "\u0131",
0x9B: "\u0142",
0x9C: "\u0153",
0x9D: "\u0161",
0x9E: "\u017E",
0xA0: "\u20AC",
}
def decode_text(b):
if b[: len(codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE)] == codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE:
return b[len(codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE) :].decode("utf_16_be")
else:
return "".join(PDFDocEncoding.get(byte, chr(byte)) for byte in b)
class PdfFormatError(RuntimeError):
"""An error that probably indicates a syntactic or semantic error in the
PDF file structure"""
pass
def check_format_condition(condition, error_message):
if not condition:
raise PdfFormatError(error_message)
class IndirectReference(
collections.namedtuple("IndirectReferenceTuple", ["object_id", "generation"])
):
def __str__(self):
return "%s %s R" % self
def __bytes__(self):
return self.__str__().encode("us-ascii")
def __eq__(self, other):
return (
other.__class__ is self.__class__
and other.object_id == self.object_id
and other.generation == self.generation
)
def __ne__(self, other):
return not (self == other)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.object_id, self.generation))
class IndirectObjectDef(IndirectReference):
def __str__(self):
return "%s %s obj" % self
class XrefTable:
def __init__(self):
self.existing_entries = {} # object ID => (offset, generation)
self.new_entries = {} # object ID => (offset, generation)
self.deleted_entries = {0: 65536} # object ID => generation
self.reading_finished = False
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if self.reading_finished:
self.new_entries[key] = value
else:
self.existing_entries[key] = value
if key in self.deleted_entries:
del self.deleted_entries[key]
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return self.new_entries[key]
except KeyError:
return self.existing_entries[key]
def __delitem__(self, key):
if key in self.new_entries:
generation = self.new_entries[key][1] + 1
del self.new_entries[key]
self.deleted_entries[key] = generation
elif key in self.existing_entries:
generation = self.existing_entries[key][1] + 1
self.deleted_entries[key] = generation
elif key in self.deleted_entries:
generation = self.deleted_entries[key]
else:
raise IndexError(
"object ID " + str(key) + " cannot be deleted because it doesn't exist"
)
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self.existing_entries or key in self.new_entries
def __len__(self):
return len(
set(self.existing_entries.keys())
| set(self.new_entries.keys())
| set(self.deleted_entries.keys())
)
def keys(self):
return (
set(self.existing_entries.keys()) - set(self.deleted_entries.keys())
) | set(self.new_entries.keys())
def write(self, f):
keys = sorted(set(self.new_entries.keys()) | set(self.deleted_entries.keys()))
deleted_keys = sorted(set(self.deleted_entries.keys()))
startxref = f.tell()
f.write(b"xref\n")
while keys:
# find a contiguous sequence of object IDs
prev = None
for index, key in enumerate(keys):
if prev is None or prev + 1 == key:
prev = key
else:
contiguous_keys = keys[:index]
keys = keys[index:]
break
else:
contiguous_keys = keys
keys = None
f.write(b"%d %d\n" % (contiguous_keys[0], len(contiguous_keys)))
for object_id in contiguous_keys:
if object_id in self.new_entries:
f.write(b"%010d %05d n \n" % self.new_entries[object_id])
else:
this_deleted_object_id = deleted_keys.pop(0)
check_format_condition(
object_id == this_deleted_object_id,
f"expected the next deleted object ID to be {object_id}, "
f"instead found {this_deleted_object_id}",
)
try:
next_in_linked_list = deleted_keys[0]
except IndexError:
next_in_linked_list = 0
f.write(
b"%010d %05d f \n"
% (next_in_linked_list, self.deleted_entries[object_id])
)
return startxref
class PdfName:
def __init__(self, name):
if isinstance(name, PdfName):
self.name = name.name
elif isinstance(name, bytes):
self.name = name
else:
self.name = name.encode("us-ascii")
def name_as_str(self):
return self.name.decode("us-ascii")
def __eq__(self, other):
return (
isinstance(other, PdfName) and other.name == self.name
) or other == self.name
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.name)
def __repr__(self):
return f"PdfName({repr(self.name)})"
@classmethod
def from_pdf_stream(cls, data):
return cls(PdfParser.interpret_name(data))
allowed_chars = set(range(33, 127)) - {ord(c) for c in "#%/()<>[]{}"}
def __bytes__(self):
result = bytearray(b"/")
for b in self.name:
if b in self.allowed_chars:
result.append(b)
else:
result.extend(b"#%02X" % b)
return bytes(result)
class PdfArray(list):
def __bytes__(self):
return b"[ " + b" ".join(pdf_repr(x) for x in self) + b" ]"
class PdfDict(collections.UserDict):
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key == "data":
collections.UserDict.__setattr__(self, key, value)
else:
self[key.encode("us-ascii")] = value
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
value = self[key.encode("us-ascii")]
except KeyError as e:
raise AttributeError(key) from e
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = decode_text(value)
if key.endswith("Date"):
if value.startswith("D:"):
value = value[2:]
relationship = "Z"
if len(value) > 17:
relationship = value[14]
offset = int(value[15:17]) * 60
if len(value) > 20:
offset += int(value[18:20])
format = "%Y%m%d%H%M%S"[: len(value) - 2]
value = time.strptime(value[: len(format) + 2], format)
if relationship in ["+", "-"]:
offset *= 60
if relationship == "+":
offset *= -1
value = time.gmtime(calendar.timegm(value) + offset)
return value
def __bytes__(self):
out = bytearray(b"<<")
for key, value in self.items():
if value is None:
continue
value = pdf_repr(value)
out.extend(b"\n")
out.extend(bytes(PdfName(key)))
out.extend(b" ")
out.extend(value)
out.extend(b"\n>>")
return bytes(out)
class PdfBinary:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def __bytes__(self):
return b"<%s>" % b"".join(b"%02X" % b for b in self.data)
class PdfStream:
def __init__(self, dictionary, buf):
self.dictionary = dictionary
self.buf = buf
def decode(self):
try:
filter = self.dictionary.Filter
except AttributeError:
return self.buf
if filter == b"FlateDecode":
try:
expected_length = self.dictionary.DL
except AttributeError:
expected_length = self.dictionary.Length
return zlib.decompress(self.buf, bufsize=int(expected_length))
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"stream filter {repr(self.dictionary.Filter)} unknown/unsupported"
)
def pdf_repr(x):
if x is True:
return b"true"
elif x is False:
return b"false"
elif x is None:
return b"null"
elif isinstance(x, (PdfName, PdfDict, PdfArray, PdfBinary)):
return bytes(x)
elif isinstance(x, int):
return str(x).encode("us-ascii")
elif isinstance(x, float):
return str(x).encode("us-ascii")
elif isinstance(x, time.struct_time):
return b"(D:" + time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ", x).encode("us-ascii") + b")"
elif isinstance(x, dict):
return bytes(PdfDict(x))
elif isinstance(x, list):
return bytes(PdfArray(x))
elif isinstance(x, str):
return pdf_repr(encode_text(x))
elif isinstance(x, bytes):
# XXX escape more chars? handle binary garbage
x = x.replace(b"\\", b"\\\\")
x = x.replace(b"(", b"\\(")
x = x.replace(b")", b"\\)")
return b"(" + x + b")"
else:
return bytes(x)
class PdfParser:
"""Based on
https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/PDF32000_2008.pdf
Supports PDF up to 1.4
"""
def __init__(self, filename=None, f=None, buf=None, start_offset=0, mode="rb"):
if buf and f:
raise RuntimeError("specify buf or f or filename, but not both buf and f")
self.filename = filename
self.buf = buf
self.f = f
self.start_offset = start_offset
self.should_close_buf = False
self.should_close_file = False
if filename is not None and f is None:
self.f = f = open(filename, mode)
self.should_close_file = True
if f is not None:
self.buf = buf = self.get_buf_from_file(f)
self.should_close_buf = True
if not filename and hasattr(f, "name"):
self.filename = f.name
self.cached_objects = {}
if buf:
self.read_pdf_info()
else:
self.file_size_total = self.file_size_this = 0
self.root = PdfDict()
self.root_ref = None
self.info = PdfDict()
self.info_ref = None
self.page_tree_root = {}
self.pages = []
self.orig_pages = []
self.pages_ref = None
self.last_xref_section_offset = None
self.trailer_dict = {}
self.xref_table = XrefTable()
self.xref_table.reading_finished = True
if f:
self.seek_end()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
self.close()
return False # do not suppress exceptions
def start_writing(self):
self.close_buf()
self.seek_end()
def close_buf(self):
try:
self.buf.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
self.buf = None
def close(self):
if self.should_close_buf:
self.close_buf()
if self.f is not None and self.should_close_file:
self.f.close()
self.f = None
def seek_end(self):
self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
def write_header(self):
self.f.write(b"%PDF-1.4\n")
def write_comment(self, s):
self.f.write(f"% {s}\n".encode("utf-8"))
def write_catalog(self):
self.del_root()
self.root_ref = self.next_object_id(self.f.tell())
self.pages_ref = self.next_object_id(0)
self.rewrite_pages()
self.write_obj(self.root_ref, Type=PdfName(b"Catalog"), Pages=self.pages_ref)
self.write_obj(
self.pages_ref,
Type=PdfName(b"Pages"),
Count=len(self.pages),
Kids=self.pages,
)
return self.root_ref
def rewrite_pages(self):
pages_tree_nodes_to_delete = []
for i, page_ref in enumerate(self.orig_pages):
page_info = self.cached_objects[page_ref]
del self.xref_table[page_ref.object_id]
pages_tree_nodes_to_delete.append(page_info[PdfName(b"Parent")])
if page_ref not in self.pages:
# the page has been deleted
continue
# make dict keys into strings for passing to write_page
stringified_page_info = {}
for key, value in page_info.items():
# key should be a PdfName
stringified_page_info[key.name_as_str()] = value
stringified_page_info["Parent"] = self.pages_ref
new_page_ref = self.write_page(None, **stringified_page_info)
for j, cur_page_ref in enumerate(self.pages):
if cur_page_ref == page_ref:
# replace the page reference with the new one
self.pages[j] = new_page_ref
# delete redundant Pages tree nodes from xref table
for pages_tree_node_ref in pages_tree_nodes_to_delete:
while pages_tree_node_ref:
pages_tree_node = self.cached_objects[pages_tree_node_ref]
if pages_tree_node_ref.object_id in self.xref_table:
del self.xref_table[pages_tree_node_ref.object_id]
pages_tree_node_ref = pages_tree_node.get(b"Parent", None)
self.orig_pages = []
def write_xref_and_trailer(self, new_root_ref=None):
if new_root_ref:
self.del_root()
self.root_ref = new_root_ref
if self.info:
self.info_ref = self.write_obj(None, self.info)
start_xref = self.xref_table.write(self.f)
num_entries = len(self.xref_table)
trailer_dict = {b"Root": self.root_ref, b"Size": num_entries}
if self.last_xref_section_offset is not None:
trailer_dict[b"Prev"] = self.last_xref_section_offset
if self.info:
trailer_dict[b"Info"] = self.info_ref
self.last_xref_section_offset = start_xref
self.f.write(
b"trailer\n"
+ bytes(PdfDict(trailer_dict))
+ b"\nstartxref\n%d\n%%%%EOF" % start_xref
)
def write_page(self, ref, *objs, **dict_obj):
if isinstance(ref, int):
ref = self.pages[ref]
if "Type" not in dict_obj:
dict_obj["Type"] = PdfName(b"Page")
if "Parent" not in dict_obj:
dict_obj["Parent"] = self.pages_ref
return self.write_obj(ref, *objs, **dict_obj)
def write_obj(self, ref, *objs, **dict_obj):
f = self.f
if ref is None:
ref = self.next_object_id(f.tell())
else:
self.xref_table[ref.object_id] = (f.tell(), ref.generation)
f.write(bytes(IndirectObjectDef(*ref)))
stream = dict_obj.pop("stream", None)
if stream is not None:
dict_obj["Length"] = len(stream)
if dict_obj:
f.write(pdf_repr(dict_obj))
for obj in objs:
f.write(pdf_repr(obj))
if stream is not None:
f.write(b"stream\n")
f.write(stream)
f.write(b"\nendstream\n")
f.write(b"endobj\n")
return ref
def del_root(self):
if self.root_ref is None:
return
del self.xref_table[self.root_ref.object_id]
del self.xref_table[self.root[b"Pages"].object_id]
@staticmethod
def get_buf_from_file(f):
if hasattr(f, "getbuffer"):
return f.getbuffer()
elif hasattr(f, "getvalue"):
return f.getvalue()
else:
try:
return mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
except ValueError: # cannot mmap an empty file
return b""
def read_pdf_info(self):
self.file_size_total = len(self.buf)
self.file_size_this = self.file_size_total - self.start_offset
self.read_trailer()
self.root_ref = self.trailer_dict[b"Root"]
self.info_ref = self.trailer_dict.get(b"Info", None)
self.root = PdfDict(self.read_indirect(self.root_ref))
if self.info_ref is None:
self.info = PdfDict()
else:
self.info = PdfDict(self.read_indirect(self.info_ref))
check_format_condition(b"Type" in self.root, "/Type missing in Root")
check_format_condition(
self.root[b"Type"] == b"Catalog", "/Type in Root is not /Catalog"
)
check_format_condition(b"Pages" in self.root, "/Pages missing in Root")
check_format_condition(
isinstance(self.root[b"Pages"], IndirectReference),
"/Pages in Root is not an indirect reference",
)
self.pages_ref = self.root[b"Pages"]
self.page_tree_root = self.read_indirect(self.pages_ref)
self.pages = self.linearize_page_tree(self.page_tree_root)
# save the original list of page references
# in case the user modifies, adds or deletes some pages
# and we need to rewrite the pages and their list
self.orig_pages = self.pages[:]
def next_object_id(self, offset=None):
try:
# TODO: support reuse of deleted objects
reference = IndirectReference(max(self.xref_table.keys()) + 1, 0)
except ValueError:
reference = IndirectReference(1, 0)
if offset is not None:
self.xref_table[reference.object_id] = (offset, 0)
return reference
delimiter = br"[][()<>{}/%]"
delimiter_or_ws = br"[][()<>{}/%\000\011\012\014\015\040]"
whitespace = br"[\000\011\012\014\015\040]"
whitespace_or_hex = br"[\000\011\012\014\015\0400-9a-fA-F]"
whitespace_optional = whitespace + b"*"
whitespace_mandatory = whitespace + b"+"
whitespace_optional_no_nl = br"[\000\011\014\015\040]*" # no "\012" aka "\n"
newline_only = br"[\r\n]+"
newline = whitespace_optional_no_nl + newline_only + whitespace_optional_no_nl
re_trailer_end = re.compile(
whitespace_mandatory
+ br"trailer"
+ whitespace_optional
+ br"\<\<(.*\>\>)"
+ newline
+ br"startxref"
+ newline
+ br"([0-9]+)"
+ newline
+ br"%%EOF"
+ whitespace_optional
+ br"$",
re.DOTALL,
)
re_trailer_prev = re.compile(
whitespace_optional
+ br"trailer"
+ whitespace_optional
+ br"\<\<(.*?\>\>)"
+ newline
+ br"startxref"
+ newline
+ br"([0-9]+)"
+ newline
+ br"%%EOF"
+ whitespace_optional,
re.DOTALL,
)
def read_trailer(self):
search_start_offset = len(self.buf) - 16384
if search_start_offset < self.start_offset:
search_start_offset = self.start_offset
m = self.re_trailer_end.search(self.buf, search_start_offset)
check_format_condition(m, "trailer end not found")
# make sure we found the LAST trailer
last_match = m
while m:
last_match = m
m = self.re_trailer_end.search(self.buf, m.start() + 16)
if not m:
m = last_match
trailer_data = m.group(1)
self.last_xref_section_offset = int(m.group(2))
self.trailer_dict = self.interpret_trailer(trailer_data)
self.xref_table = XrefTable()
self.read_xref_table(xref_section_offset=self.last_xref_section_offset)
if b"Prev" in self.trailer_dict:
self.read_prev_trailer(self.trailer_dict[b"Prev"])
def read_prev_trailer(self, xref_section_offset):
trailer_offset = self.read_xref_table(xref_section_offset=xref_section_offset)
m = self.re_trailer_prev.search(
self.buf[trailer_offset : trailer_offset + 16384]
)
check_format_condition(m, "previous trailer not found")
trailer_data = m.group(1)
check_format_condition(
int(m.group(2)) == xref_section_offset,
"xref section offset in previous trailer doesn't match what was expected",
)
trailer_dict = self.interpret_trailer(trailer_data)
if b"Prev" in trailer_dict:
self.read_prev_trailer(trailer_dict[b"Prev"])
re_whitespace_optional = re.compile(whitespace_optional)
re_name = re.compile(
whitespace_optional
+ br"/([!-$&'*-.0-;=?-Z\\^-z|~]+)(?="
+ delimiter_or_ws
+ br")"
)
re_dict_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\<\<")
re_dict_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\>\>" + whitespace_optional)
@classmethod
def interpret_trailer(cls, trailer_data):
trailer = {}
offset = 0
while True:
m = cls.re_name.match(trailer_data, offset)
if not m:
m = cls.re_dict_end.match(trailer_data, offset)
check_format_condition(
m and m.end() == len(trailer_data),
"name not found in trailer, remaining data: "
+ repr(trailer_data[offset:]),
)
break
key = cls.interpret_name(m.group(1))
value, offset = cls.get_value(trailer_data, m.end())
trailer[key] = value
check_format_condition(
b"Size" in trailer and isinstance(trailer[b"Size"], int),
"/Size not in trailer or not an integer",
)
check_format_condition(
b"Root" in trailer and isinstance(trailer[b"Root"], IndirectReference),
"/Root not in trailer or not an indirect reference",
)
return trailer
re_hashes_in_name = re.compile(br"([^#]*)(#([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))?")
@classmethod
def interpret_name(cls, raw, as_text=False):
name = b""
for m in cls.re_hashes_in_name.finditer(raw):
if m.group(3):
name += m.group(1) + bytearray.fromhex(m.group(3).decode("us-ascii"))
else:
name += m.group(1)
if as_text:
return name.decode("utf-8")
else:
return bytes(name)
re_null = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"null(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")")
re_true = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"true(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")")
re_false = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"false(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")")
re_int = re.compile(
whitespace_optional + br"([-+]?[0-9]+)(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")"
)
re_real = re.compile(
whitespace_optional
+ br"([-+]?([0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+))(?="
+ delimiter_or_ws
+ br")"
)
re_array_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\[")
re_array_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"]")
re_string_hex = re.compile(
whitespace_optional + br"\<(" + whitespace_or_hex + br"*)\>"
)
re_string_lit = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\(")
re_indirect_reference = re.compile(
whitespace_optional
+ br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+ whitespace_mandatory
+ br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+ whitespace_mandatory
+ br"R(?="
+ delimiter_or_ws
+ br")"
)
re_indirect_def_start = re.compile(
whitespace_optional
+ br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+ whitespace_mandatory
+ br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+ whitespace_mandatory
+ br"obj(?="
+ delimiter_or_ws
+ br")"
)
re_indirect_def_end = re.compile(
whitespace_optional + br"endobj(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")"
)
re_comment = re.compile(
br"(" + whitespace_optional + br"%[^\r\n]*" + newline + br")*"
)
re_stream_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"stream\r?\n")
re_stream_end = re.compile(
whitespace_optional + br"endstream(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")"
)
@classmethod
def get_value(cls, data, offset, expect_indirect=None, max_nesting=-1):
if max_nesting == 0:
return None, None
m = cls.re_comment.match(data, offset)
if m:
offset = m.end()
m = cls.re_indirect_def_start.match(data, offset)
if m:
check_format_condition(
int(m.group(1)) > 0,
"indirect object definition: object ID must be greater than 0",
)
check_format_condition(
int(m.group(2)) >= 0,
"indirect object definition: generation must be non-negative",
)
check_format_condition(
expect_indirect is None
or expect_indirect
== IndirectReference(int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2))),
"indirect object definition different than expected",
)
object, offset = cls.get_value(data, m.end(), max_nesting=max_nesting - 1)
if offset is None:
return object, None
m = cls.re_indirect_def_end.match(data, offset)
check_format_condition(m, "indirect object definition end not found")
return object, m.end()
check_format_condition(
not expect_indirect, "indirect object definition not found"
)
m = cls.re_indirect_reference.match(data, offset)
if m:
check_format_condition(
int(m.group(1)) > 0,
"indirect object reference: object ID must be greater than 0",
)
check_format_condition(
int(m.group(2)) >= 0,
"indirect object reference: generation must be non-negative",
)
return IndirectReference(int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2))), m.end()
m = cls.re_dict_start.match(data, offset)
if m:
offset = m.end()
result = {}
m = cls.re_dict_end.match(data, offset)
while not m:
key, offset = cls.get_value(data, offset, max_nesting=max_nesting - 1)
if offset is None:
return result, None
value, offset = cls.get_value(data, offset, max_nesting=max_nesting - 1)
result[key] = value
if offset is None:
return result, None
m = cls.re_dict_end.match(data, offset)
offset = m.end()
m = cls.re_stream_start.match(data, offset)
if m:
try:
stream_len = int(result[b"Length"])
except (TypeError, KeyError, ValueError) as e:
raise PdfFormatError(
"bad or missing Length in stream dict (%r)"
% result.get(b"Length", None)
) from e
stream_data = data[m.end() : m.end() + stream_len]
m = cls.re_stream_end.match(data, m.end() + stream_len)
check_format_condition(m, "stream end not found")
offset = m.end()
result = PdfStream(PdfDict(result), stream_data)
else:
result = PdfDict(result)
return result, offset
m = cls.re_array_start.match(data, offset)
if m:
offset = m.end()
result = []
m = cls.re_array_end.match(data, offset)
while not m:
value, offset = cls.get_value(data, offset, max_nesting=max_nesting - 1)
result.append(value)
if offset is None:
return result, None
m = cls.re_array_end.match(data, offset)
return result, m.end()
m = cls.re_null.match(data, offset)
if m:
return None, m.end()
m = cls.re_true.match(data, offset)
if m:
return True, m.end()
m = cls.re_false.match(data, offset)
if m:
return False, m.end()
m = cls.re_name.match(data, offset)
if m:
return PdfName(cls.interpret_name(m.group(1))), m.end()
m = cls.re_int.match(data, offset)
if m:
return int(m.group(1)), m.end()
m = cls.re_real.match(data, offset)
if m:
# XXX Decimal instead of float???
return float(m.group(1)), m.end()
m = cls.re_string_hex.match(data, offset)
if m:
# filter out whitespace
hex_string = bytearray(
[b for b in m.group(1) if b in b"0123456789abcdefABCDEF"]
)
if len(hex_string) % 2 == 1:
# append a 0 if the length is not even - yes, at the end
hex_string.append(ord(b"0"))
return bytearray.fromhex(hex_string.decode("us-ascii")), m.end()
m = cls.re_string_lit.match(data, offset)
if m:
return cls.get_literal_string(data, m.end())
# return None, offset # fallback (only for debugging)
raise PdfFormatError("unrecognized object: " + repr(data[offset : offset + 32]))
re_lit_str_token = re.compile(
br"(\\[nrtbf()\\])|(\\[0-9]{1,3})|(\\(\r\n|\r|\n))|(\r\n|\r|\n)|(\()|(\))"
)
escaped_chars = {
b"n": b"\n",
b"r": b"\r",
b"t": b"\t",
b"b": b"\b",
b"f": b"\f",
b"(": b"(",
b")": b")",
b"\\": b"\\",
ord(b"n"): b"\n",
ord(b"r"): b"\r",
ord(b"t"): b"\t",
ord(b"b"): b"\b",
ord(b"f"): b"\f",
ord(b"("): b"(",
ord(b")"): b")",
ord(b"\\"): b"\\",
}
@classmethod
def get_literal_string(cls, data, offset):
nesting_depth = 0
result = bytearray()
for m in cls.re_lit_str_token.finditer(data, offset):
result.extend(data[offset : m.start()])
if m.group(1):
result.extend(cls.escaped_chars[m.group(1)[1]])
elif m.group(2):
result.append(int(m.group(2)[1:], 8))
elif m.group(3):
pass
elif m.group(5):
result.extend(b"\n")
elif m.group(6):
result.extend(b"(")
nesting_depth += 1
elif m.group(7):
if nesting_depth == 0:
return bytes(result), m.end()
result.extend(b")")
nesting_depth -= 1
offset = m.end()
raise PdfFormatError("unfinished literal string")
re_xref_section_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"xref" + newline)
re_xref_subsection_start = re.compile(
whitespace_optional
+ br"([0-9]+)"
+ whitespace_mandatory
+ br"([0-9]+)"
+ whitespace_optional
+ newline_only
)
re_xref_entry = re.compile(br"([0-9]{10}) ([0-9]{5}) ([fn])( \r| \n|\r\n)")
def read_xref_table(self, xref_section_offset):
subsection_found = False
m = self.re_xref_section_start.match(
self.buf, xref_section_offset + self.start_offset
)
check_format_condition(m, "xref section start not found")
offset = m.end()
while True:
m = self.re_xref_subsection_start.match(self.buf, offset)
if not m:
check_format_condition(
subsection_found, "xref subsection start not found"
)
break
subsection_found = True
offset = m.end()
first_object = int(m.group(1))
num_objects = int(m.group(2))
for i in range(first_object, first_object + num_objects):
m = self.re_xref_entry.match(self.buf, offset)
check_format_condition(m, "xref entry not found")
offset = m.end()
is_free = m.group(3) == b"f"
generation = int(m.group(2))
if not is_free:
new_entry = (int(m.group(1)), generation)
check_format_condition(
i not in self.xref_table or self.xref_table[i] == new_entry,
"xref entry duplicated (and not identical)",
)
self.xref_table[i] = new_entry
return offset
def read_indirect(self, ref, max_nesting=-1):
offset, generation = self.xref_table[ref[0]]
check_format_condition(
generation == ref[1],
f"expected to find generation {ref[1]} for object ID {ref[0]} in xref "
f"table, instead found generation {generation} at offset {offset}",
)
value = self.get_value(
self.buf,
offset + self.start_offset,
expect_indirect=IndirectReference(*ref),
max_nesting=max_nesting,
)[0]
self.cached_objects[ref] = value
return value
def linearize_page_tree(self, node=None):
if node is None:
node = self.page_tree_root
check_format_condition(
node[b"Type"] == b"Pages", "/Type of page tree node is not /Pages"
)
pages = []
for kid in node[b"Kids"]:
kid_object = self.read_indirect(kid)
if kid_object[b"Type"] == b"Page":
pages.append(kid)
else:
pages.extend(self.linearize_page_tree(node=kid_object))
return pages

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# PIXAR raster support for PIL
#
# history:
# 97-01-29 fl Created
#
# notes:
# This is incomplete; it is based on a few samples created with
# Photoshop 2.5 and 3.0, and a summary description provided by
# Greg Coats <gcoats@labiris.er.usgs.gov>. Hopefully, "L" and
# "RGBA" support will be added in future versions.
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i16le as i16
#
# helpers
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == b"\200\350\000\000"
##
# Image plugin for PIXAR raster images.
class PixarImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "PIXAR"
format_description = "PIXAR raster image"
def _open(self):
# assuming a 4-byte magic label
s = self.fp.read(4)
if not _accept(s):
raise SyntaxError("not a PIXAR file")
# read rest of header
s = s + self.fp.read(508)
self._size = i16(s, 418), i16(s, 416)
# get channel/depth descriptions
mode = i16(s, 424), i16(s, 426)
if mode == (14, 2):
self.mode = "RGB"
# FIXME: to be continued...
# create tile descriptor (assuming "dumped")
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 1024, (self.mode, 0, 1))]
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(PixarImageFile.format, PixarImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(PixarImageFile.format, ".pxr")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# PPM support for PIL
#
# History:
# 96-03-24 fl Created
# 98-03-06 fl Write RGBA images (as RGB, that is)
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-98.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from . import Image, ImageFile
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
b_whitespace = b"\x20\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d"
MODES = {
# standard
b"P4": "1",
b"P5": "L",
b"P6": "RGB",
# extensions
b"P0CMYK": "CMYK",
# PIL extensions (for test purposes only)
b"PyP": "P",
b"PyRGBA": "RGBA",
b"PyCMYK": "CMYK",
}
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[0:1] == b"P" and prefix[1] in b"0456y"
##
# Image plugin for PBM, PGM, and PPM images.
class PpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "PPM"
format_description = "Pbmplus image"
def _token(self, s=b""):
while True: # read until next whitespace
c = self.fp.read(1)
if not c or c in b_whitespace:
break
if c > b"\x79":
raise ValueError("Expected ASCII value, found binary")
s = s + c
if len(s) > 9:
raise ValueError("Expected int, got > 9 digits")
return s
def _open(self):
# check magic
s = self.fp.read(1)
if s != b"P":
raise SyntaxError("not a PPM file")
magic_number = self._token(s)
mode = MODES[magic_number]
self.custom_mimetype = {
b"P4": "image/x-portable-bitmap",
b"P5": "image/x-portable-graymap",
b"P6": "image/x-portable-pixmap",
}.get(magic_number)
if mode == "1":
self.mode = "1"
rawmode = "1;I"
else:
self.mode = rawmode = mode
for ix in range(3):
while True:
while True:
s = self.fp.read(1)
if s not in b_whitespace:
break
if s == b"":
raise ValueError("File does not extend beyond magic number")
if s != b"#":
break
s = self.fp.readline()
s = int(self._token(s))
if ix == 0:
xsize = s
elif ix == 1:
ysize = s
if mode == "1":
break
elif ix == 2:
# maxgrey
if s > 255:
if not mode == "L":
raise ValueError(f"Too many colors for band: {s}")
if s < 2 ** 16:
self.mode = "I"
rawmode = "I;16B"
else:
self.mode = "I"
rawmode = "I;32B"
self._size = xsize, ysize
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), self.fp.tell(), (rawmode, 0, 1))]
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _save(im, fp, filename):
if im.mode == "1":
rawmode, head = "1;I", b"P4"
elif im.mode == "L":
rawmode, head = "L", b"P5"
elif im.mode == "I":
if im.getextrema()[1] < 2 ** 16:
rawmode, head = "I;16B", b"P5"
else:
rawmode, head = "I;32B", b"P5"
elif im.mode == "RGB":
rawmode, head = "RGB", b"P6"
elif im.mode == "RGBA":
rawmode, head = "RGB", b"P6"
else:
raise OSError(f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as PPM")
fp.write(head + ("\n%d %d\n" % im.size).encode("ascii"))
if head == b"P6":
fp.write(b"255\n")
if head == b"P5":
if rawmode == "L":
fp.write(b"255\n")
elif rawmode == "I;16B":
fp.write(b"65535\n")
elif rawmode == "I;32B":
fp.write(b"2147483648\n")
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (rawmode, 0, 1))])
# ALTERNATIVE: save via builtin debug function
# im._dump(filename)
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(PpmImageFile.format, PpmImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(PpmImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(PpmImageFile.format, [".pbm", ".pgm", ".ppm", ".pnm"])
Image.register_mime(PpmImageFile.format, "image/x-portable-anymap")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# Adobe PSD 2.5/3.0 file handling
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created
# 1997-01-03 fl Read most PSD images
# 1997-01-18 fl Fixed P and CMYK support
# 2001-10-21 fl Added seek/tell support (for layers)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-2001 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import io
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette
from ._binary import i8
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
MODES = {
# (photoshop mode, bits) -> (pil mode, required channels)
(0, 1): ("1", 1),
(0, 8): ("L", 1),
(1, 8): ("L", 1),
(2, 8): ("P", 1),
(3, 8): ("RGB", 3),
(4, 8): ("CMYK", 4),
(7, 8): ("L", 1), # FIXME: multilayer
(8, 8): ("L", 1), # duotone
(9, 8): ("LAB", 3),
}
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
# read PSD images
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] == b"8BPS"
##
# Image plugin for Photoshop images.
class PsdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "PSD"
format_description = "Adobe Photoshop"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
read = self.fp.read
#
# header
s = read(26)
if not _accept(s) or i16(s, 4) != 1:
raise SyntaxError("not a PSD file")
psd_bits = i16(s, 22)
psd_channels = i16(s, 12)
psd_mode = i16(s, 24)
mode, channels = MODES[(psd_mode, psd_bits)]
if channels > psd_channels:
raise OSError("not enough channels")
self.mode = mode
self._size = i32(s, 18), i32(s, 14)
#
# color mode data
size = i32(read(4))
if size:
data = read(size)
if mode == "P" and size == 768:
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", data)
#
# image resources
self.resources = []
size = i32(read(4))
if size:
# load resources
end = self.fp.tell() + size
while self.fp.tell() < end:
read(4) # signature
id = i16(read(2))
name = read(i8(read(1)))
if not (len(name) & 1):
read(1) # padding
data = read(i32(read(4)))
if len(data) & 1:
read(1) # padding
self.resources.append((id, name, data))
if id == 1039: # ICC profile
self.info["icc_profile"] = data
#
# layer and mask information
self.layers = []
size = i32(read(4))
if size:
end = self.fp.tell() + size
size = i32(read(4))
if size:
_layer_data = io.BytesIO(ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, size))
self.layers = _layerinfo(_layer_data, size)
self.fp.seek(end)
self.n_frames = len(self.layers)
self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
#
# image descriptor
self.tile = _maketile(self.fp, mode, (0, 0) + self.size, channels)
# keep the file open
self.__fp = self.fp
self.frame = 1
self._min_frame = 1
def seek(self, layer):
if not self._seek_check(layer):
return
# seek to given layer (1..max)
try:
name, mode, bbox, tile = self.layers[layer - 1]
self.mode = mode
self.tile = tile
self.frame = layer
self.fp = self.__fp
return name, bbox
except IndexError as e:
raise EOFError("no such layer") from e
def tell(self):
# return layer number (0=image, 1..max=layers)
return self.frame
def load_prepare(self):
# create image memory if necessary
if not self.im or self.im.mode != self.mode or self.im.size != self.size:
self.im = Image.core.fill(self.mode, self.size, 0)
# create palette (optional)
if self.mode == "P":
Image.Image.load(self)
def _close__fp(self):
try:
if self.__fp != self.fp:
self.__fp.close()
except AttributeError:
pass
finally:
self.__fp = None
def _layerinfo(fp, ct_bytes):
# read layerinfo block
layers = []
def read(size):
return ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)
ct = i16(read(2))
# sanity check
if ct_bytes < (abs(ct) * 20):
raise SyntaxError("Layer block too short for number of layers requested")
for i in range(abs(ct)):
# bounding box
y0 = i32(read(4))
x0 = i32(read(4))
y1 = i32(read(4))
x1 = i32(read(4))
# image info
info = []
mode = []
ct_types = i16(read(2))
types = list(range(ct_types))
if len(types) > 4:
continue
for i in types:
type = i16(read(2))
if type == 65535:
m = "A"
else:
m = "RGBA"[type]
mode.append(m)
size = i32(read(4))
info.append((m, size))
# figure out the image mode
mode.sort()
if mode == ["R"]:
mode = "L"
elif mode == ["B", "G", "R"]:
mode = "RGB"
elif mode == ["A", "B", "G", "R"]:
mode = "RGBA"
else:
mode = None # unknown
# skip over blend flags and extra information
read(12) # filler
name = ""
size = i32(read(4)) # length of the extra data field
combined = 0
if size:
data_end = fp.tell() + size
length = i32(read(4))
if length:
fp.seek(length - 16, io.SEEK_CUR)
combined += length + 4
length = i32(read(4))
if length:
fp.seek(length, io.SEEK_CUR)
combined += length + 4
length = i8(read(1))
if length:
# Don't know the proper encoding,
# Latin-1 should be a good guess
name = read(length).decode("latin-1", "replace")
combined += length + 1
fp.seek(data_end)
layers.append((name, mode, (x0, y0, x1, y1)))
# get tiles
i = 0
for name, mode, bbox in layers:
tile = []
for m in mode:
t = _maketile(fp, m, bbox, 1)
if t:
tile.extend(t)
layers[i] = name, mode, bbox, tile
i += 1
return layers
def _maketile(file, mode, bbox, channels):
tile = None
read = file.read
compression = i16(read(2))
xsize = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
ysize = bbox[3] - bbox[1]
offset = file.tell()
if compression == 0:
#
# raw compression
tile = []
for channel in range(channels):
layer = mode[channel]
if mode == "CMYK":
layer += ";I"
tile.append(("raw", bbox, offset, layer))
offset = offset + xsize * ysize
elif compression == 1:
#
# packbits compression
i = 0
tile = []
bytecount = read(channels * ysize * 2)
offset = file.tell()
for channel in range(channels):
layer = mode[channel]
if mode == "CMYK":
layer += ";I"
tile.append(("packbits", bbox, offset, layer))
for y in range(ysize):
offset = offset + i16(bytecount, i)
i += 2
file.seek(offset)
if offset & 1:
read(1) # padding
return tile
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# registry
Image.register_open(PsdImageFile.format, PsdImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(PsdImageFile.format, ".psd")
Image.register_mime(PsdImageFile.format, "image/vnd.adobe.photoshop")

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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# Pillow fork
#
# Python implementation of the PixelAccess Object
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2009 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 1995-2009 by Fredrik Lundh.
# Copyright (c) 2013 Eric Soroos
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution
#
# Notes:
#
# * Implements the pixel access object following Access.
# * Does not implement the line functions, as they don't appear to be used
# * Taking only the tuple form, which is used from python.
# * Fill.c uses the integer form, but it's still going to use the old
# Access.c implementation.
#
import logging
import sys
try:
from cffi import FFI
defs = """
struct Pixel_RGBA {
unsigned char r,g,b,a;
};
struct Pixel_I16 {
unsigned char l,r;
};
"""
ffi = FFI()
ffi.cdef(defs)
except ImportError as ex:
# Allow error import for doc purposes, but error out when accessing
# anything in core.
from ._util import deferred_error
FFI = ffi = deferred_error(ex)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class PyAccess:
def __init__(self, img, readonly=False):
vals = dict(img.im.unsafe_ptrs)
self.readonly = readonly
self.image8 = ffi.cast("unsigned char **", vals["image8"])
self.image32 = ffi.cast("int **", vals["image32"])
self.image = ffi.cast("unsigned char **", vals["image"])
self.xsize, self.ysize = img.im.size
self._img = img
# Keep pointer to im object to prevent dereferencing.
self._im = img.im
if self._im.mode == "P":
self._palette = img.palette
# Debugging is polluting test traces, only useful here
# when hacking on PyAccess
# logger.debug("%s", vals)
self._post_init()
def _post_init(self):
pass
def __setitem__(self, xy, color):
"""
Modifies the pixel at x,y. The color is given as a single
numerical value for single band images, and a tuple for
multi-band images
:param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y). See
:ref:`coordinate-system`.
:param color: The pixel value.
"""
if self.readonly:
raise ValueError("Attempt to putpixel a read only image")
(x, y) = xy
if x < 0:
x = self.xsize + x
if y < 0:
y = self.ysize + y
(x, y) = self.check_xy((x, y))
if (
self._im.mode == "P"
and isinstance(color, (list, tuple))
and len(color) in [3, 4]
):
# RGB or RGBA value for a P image
color = self._palette.getcolor(color, self._img)
return self.set_pixel(x, y, color)
def __getitem__(self, xy):
"""
Returns the pixel at x,y. The pixel is returned as a single
value for single band images or a tuple for multiple band
images
:param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y). See
:ref:`coordinate-system`.
:returns: a pixel value for single band images, a tuple of
pixel values for multiband images.
"""
(x, y) = xy
if x < 0:
x = self.xsize + x
if y < 0:
y = self.ysize + y
(x, y) = self.check_xy((x, y))
return self.get_pixel(x, y)
putpixel = __setitem__
getpixel = __getitem__
def check_xy(self, xy):
(x, y) = xy
if not (0 <= x < self.xsize and 0 <= y < self.ysize):
raise ValueError("pixel location out of range")
return xy
class _PyAccess32_2(PyAccess):
""" PA, LA, stored in first and last bytes of a 32 bit word """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_RGBA **", self.image32)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
return (pixel.r, pixel.a)
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
# tuple
pixel.r = min(color[0], 255)
pixel.a = min(color[1], 255)
class _PyAccess32_3(PyAccess):
""" RGB and friends, stored in the first three bytes of a 32 bit word """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_RGBA **", self.image32)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
return (pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b)
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
# tuple
pixel.r = min(color[0], 255)
pixel.g = min(color[1], 255)
pixel.b = min(color[2], 255)
pixel.a = 255
class _PyAccess32_4(PyAccess):
""" RGBA etc, all 4 bytes of a 32 bit word """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_RGBA **", self.image32)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
return (pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b, pixel.a)
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
# tuple
pixel.r = min(color[0], 255)
pixel.g = min(color[1], 255)
pixel.b = min(color[2], 255)
pixel.a = min(color[3], 255)
class _PyAccess8(PyAccess):
""" 1, L, P, 8 bit images stored as uint8 """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = self.image8
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
return self.pixels[y][x]
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
try:
# integer
self.pixels[y][x] = min(color, 255)
except TypeError:
# tuple
self.pixels[y][x] = min(color[0], 255)
class _PyAccessI16_N(PyAccess):
""" I;16 access, native bitendian without conversion """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("unsigned short **", self.image)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
return self.pixels[y][x]
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
try:
# integer
self.pixels[y][x] = min(color, 65535)
except TypeError:
# tuple
self.pixels[y][x] = min(color[0], 65535)
class _PyAccessI16_L(PyAccess):
""" I;16L access, with conversion """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_I16 **", self.image)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
return pixel.l + pixel.r * 256
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
try:
color = min(color, 65535)
except TypeError:
color = min(color[0], 65535)
pixel.l = color & 0xFF # noqa: E741
pixel.r = color >> 8
class _PyAccessI16_B(PyAccess):
""" I;16B access, with conversion """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_I16 **", self.image)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
return pixel.l * 256 + pixel.r
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
try:
color = min(color, 65535)
except Exception:
color = min(color[0], 65535)
pixel.l = color >> 8 # noqa: E741
pixel.r = color & 0xFF
class _PyAccessI32_N(PyAccess):
""" Signed Int32 access, native endian """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = self.image32
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
return self.pixels[y][x]
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
self.pixels[y][x] = color
class _PyAccessI32_Swap(PyAccess):
""" I;32L/B access, with byteswapping conversion """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = self.image32
def reverse(self, i):
orig = ffi.new("int *", i)
chars = ffi.cast("unsigned char *", orig)
chars[0], chars[1], chars[2], chars[3] = chars[3], chars[2], chars[1], chars[0]
return ffi.cast("int *", chars)[0]
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
return self.reverse(self.pixels[y][x])
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
self.pixels[y][x] = self.reverse(color)
class _PyAccessF(PyAccess):
""" 32 bit float access """
def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.pixels = ffi.cast("float **", self.image32)
def get_pixel(self, x, y):
return self.pixels[y][x]
def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
try:
# not a tuple
self.pixels[y][x] = color
except TypeError:
# tuple
self.pixels[y][x] = color[0]
mode_map = {
"1": _PyAccess8,
"L": _PyAccess8,
"P": _PyAccess8,
"LA": _PyAccess32_2,
"La": _PyAccess32_2,
"PA": _PyAccess32_2,
"RGB": _PyAccess32_3,
"LAB": _PyAccess32_3,
"HSV": _PyAccess32_3,
"YCbCr": _PyAccess32_3,
"RGBA": _PyAccess32_4,
"RGBa": _PyAccess32_4,
"RGBX": _PyAccess32_4,
"CMYK": _PyAccess32_4,
"F": _PyAccessF,
"I": _PyAccessI32_N,
}
if sys.byteorder == "little":
mode_map["I;16"] = _PyAccessI16_N
mode_map["I;16L"] = _PyAccessI16_N
mode_map["I;16B"] = _PyAccessI16_B
mode_map["I;32L"] = _PyAccessI32_N
mode_map["I;32B"] = _PyAccessI32_Swap
else:
mode_map["I;16"] = _PyAccessI16_L
mode_map["I;16L"] = _PyAccessI16_L
mode_map["I;16B"] = _PyAccessI16_N
mode_map["I;32L"] = _PyAccessI32_Swap
mode_map["I;32B"] = _PyAccessI32_N
def new(img, readonly=False):
access_type = mode_map.get(img.mode, None)
if not access_type:
logger.debug("PyAccess Not Implemented: %s", img.mode)
return None
return access_type(img, readonly)

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