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622 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
622 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _terminal:
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Terminal
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========
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The Terminal is a console emulator program that lets you interface with all of the
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Servers in the game. The Terminal can be accessed by clicking the 'Terminal' tab
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on the navigation menu on the left-hand side of the game (you may need to expand
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the 'Hacking' header in order to see the 'Terminal' tab). Alternatively, the :ref:`keyboard
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shortcut <shortcuts>` Alt + t can be used to open the Terminal.
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.. _terminal_filesystem:
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Filesystem (Directories)
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------------------------
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The Terminal contains a **very** basic filesystem that allows you to store and
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organize your files into different directories. Note that this is **not** a true
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filesystem implementation. Instead, it is done almost entirely using string manipulation.
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For this reason, many of the nice & useful features you'd find in a real
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filesystem do not exist.
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Here are the Terminal commands you'll commonly use when dealing with the filesystem.
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* :ref:`ls_terminal_command`
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* :ref:`cd_terminal_command`
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* :ref:`mv_terminal_command`
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Directories
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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In order to create a directory, simply name a file using a full absolute Linux-style path::
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/scripts/myScript.js
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This will automatically create a "directory" called :code:`scripts`. This will also work
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for subdirectories::
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/scripts/hacking/helpers/myHelperScripts.script
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Files in the root directory do not need to begin with a forward slash::
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thisIsAFileInTheRootDirectory.txt
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Note that there is no way to manually create or remove directories. The creation and
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deletion of directories is automatically handled as you name/rename/delete
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files.
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Absolute vs Relative Paths
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Many Terminal commands accept both absolute and relative paths for specifying a
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file.
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An absolute path specifies the location of the file from the root directory (/).
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Any path that begins with the forward slash is an absolute path::
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$ nano /scripts/myScript.js
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$ cat /serverList.txt
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A relative path specifies the location of the file relative to the current working directory.
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Any path that does **not** begin with a forward slash is a relative path. Note that the
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Linux-style dot symbols will work for relative paths::
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. (a single dot) - represents the current directory
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.. (two dots) - represents the parent directory
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$ cd ..
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$ nano ../scripts/myScript.js
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$ nano ../../helper.js
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Netscript
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^^^^^^^^^
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Note that in order to reference a file, :ref:`netscript` functions require the
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**full** absolute file path. For example
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.. code:: javascript
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run("/scripts/hacking/helpers.myHelperScripts.script");
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rm("/logs/myHackingLogs.txt");
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rm("thisIsAFileInTheRootDirectory.txt");
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.. note:: A full file path **must** begin with a forward slash (/) if that file
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is not in the root directory.
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Missing Features
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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These features that are typically in Linux filesystems have not yet been added to the game:
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* Tab autocompletion does not work with relative paths
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* :code:`mv` only accepts full filepaths for the destination argument. It does not accept directories
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Commands
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--------
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alias
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^^^^^
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$ alias [-g] [name="value"]
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Create or display aliases. An alias enables a replacement of a word with another
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string. It can be used to abbreviate a commonly used command, or commonly used
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parts of a command. The NAME of an alias defines the word that will be
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replaced, while the VALUE defines what it will be replaced by. For example,
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you could create the alias 'nuke' for the Terminal command 'run NUKE.exe'
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using the following::
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$ alias nuke="run NUKE.exe"
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Then, to run the NUKE.exe program you would just have to enter 'nuke' in
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Terminal rather than the full command. It is important to note that 'default'
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aliases will only be substituted for the first word of a Terminal command. For
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example, if the following alias was set::
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$ alias worm="HTTPWorm.exe"
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and then you tried to run the following terminal command::
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$ run worm
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This would fail because the worm alias is not the first word of a Terminal
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command. To allow an alias to be substituted anywhere in a Terminal command,
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rather than just the first word, you must set it to be a global alias using the -g flag::
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$ alias -g worm="HTTPWorm.exe"
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Now, the 'worm' alias will be substituted anytime it shows up as an individual word in
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a Terminal command.
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Entering just the command 'alias' without any arguments prints the list of all
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defined aliases in the reusable form 'alias NAME=VALUE' on the Terminal.
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The :ref:`unalias_terminal_command` Terminal command can be used to remove aliases.
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.. _analyze_terminal_command:
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analyze
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^^^^^^^
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Prints details and statistics about the current server. The information that is
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printed includes basic server details such as the hostname, whether the player
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has root access, what ports are opened/closed, and also hacking-related information
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such as an estimated chance to successfully hack, an estimate of how much money is
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available on the server, etc.
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backdoor
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^^^^^^^^
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Installs a backdoor on the current server. Root access is required to do this.
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Servers will give different bonuses when you install a backdoor.
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This can pass faction tests or give bonsues such as discounts from companies.
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buy
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^^^
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$ buy [-l/program]
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Purchase a program through the Dark Web. Requires a TOR Router to use.
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If this command is ran with the '-l' flag, it will display a list of all programs
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that can be purchased through the Dark Web, as well as their costs.
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Otherwise, the name of the program must be passed in as a parameter. This name
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is NOT case-sensitive::
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$ buy brutessh.exe
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Note that you do not need to be connected to the actual dark web server in order
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to run this command. You can use this command at any time on the Terminal.
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cat
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^^^
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$ cat [filename]
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Display a message (.msg), literature (.lit), or text (.txt) file::
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$ cat j1.msg
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$ cat foo.lit
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$ cat servers.txt
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.. _cd_terminal_command:
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cd
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^^
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$ cd [dir]
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Change to the specified directory.
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See :ref:`terminal_filesystem` for details on directories.
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Note that this command works even for directories that don't exist. If you change
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to a directory that doesn't exist, it will not be created. A directory is only created
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once there is a file in it::
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$ cd scripts/hacking
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$ cd /logs
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$ cd ..
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check
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^^^^^
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$ check [script name] [args...]
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Print the logs of the script specified by the script name and arguments to the Terminal.
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Each argument must be separated by a space.
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**Remember that a running script is uniquely identified both by its name and the arguments that are used to start it**. So,
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if a script was ran with the following arguments::
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$ run foo.script 1 2 foodnstuff
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Then to run the 'check' command on this script you would have to pass the same arguments in::
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$ check foo.script 1 2 foodnstuff
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clear/cls
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^^^^^^^^^
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Clear the Terminal screen, deleting all of the text. Note that this does not
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delete the user's command history, so using the up and down arrow keys is
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still valid. Also note that this is permanent and there is no way to undo this.
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Both 'clear' and 'cls' do the same thing::
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$ clear
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$ cls
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.. _connect_terminal_command:
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connect
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^^^^^^^
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$ connect [hostname/ip]
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Connect to a remote server. The hostname of the remote server must
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be given as the argument to this command. Note that only servers that are immediately
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adjacent to the current server in the network can be connected to. To see which
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servers can be connected to, use the 'scan' command.
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download
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^^^^^^^^
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Downloads a script or text file to your computer (your real-life computer)::
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$ download masterScript.script
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$ download importantInfo.txt
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You can also download all of your scripts/text files as a zip file using the following
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Terminal commands::
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$ download *
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$ download *.script
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$ download *.txt
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expr
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^^^^
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$ expr [math expression]
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Evaluate a mathematical expression. The expression is evaluated in JavaScript,
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and therefore all JavaScript operators should be supported.
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Examples::
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$ expr 5.6 * 10 - 123
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$ expr 3 ** 3
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free
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^^^^
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Display's the memory usage on the current machine. Print the amount of RAM that
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is available on the current server as well as how much of it is being used.
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hack
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^^^^
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Attempt to hack the current server. Requires root access in order to be run.
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Related: Hacking Mechanics (TODO Add link here when page gets made)
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help
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^^^^
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$ help [command]
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Display Terminal help information. Without arguments, 'help' prints a list of all
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valid Terminal commands and a brief description of their functionality. You can
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also pass the name of a Terminal command as an argument to 'help' to print more
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detailed information about the Terminal command. Examples::
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$ help alias
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$ help scan-analyze
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.. _home_terminal_command:
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home
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^^^^
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Connect to your home computer. This will work no matter what server you are currently connected to.
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hostname
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^^^^^^^^
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Prints the hostname of the server you are currently connected to.
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ifconfig
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^^^^^^^^
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Prints the IP address of the server you are currently connected to.
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kill
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^^^^
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$ kill [script name] [args...]
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$ kill [pid]
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Kill the script specified by the script filename and arguments OR by its PID.
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If you are killing the script using its filename and arguments, then each argument
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must be separated by a space. Remember that a running script is uniquely identified
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by both its name and the arguments that are used to start it. So, if a script
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was ran with the following arguments::
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$ run foo.script 50e3 sigma-cosmetics
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Then to kill this script the same arguments would have to be used::
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$ kill foo.script 50e3 sigma-cosmetics
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If you are killing the script using its PID, then the PID argument must be numeric.
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killall
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^^^^^^^
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Kills all scripts on the current server.
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.. _ls_terminal_command:
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ls
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^^
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$ ls [dir] [--grep pattern]
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Prints files and directories on the current server to the Terminal screen.
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If this command is run with no arguments, then it prints all files and directories on the current
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server to the Terminal screen. Directories will be printed first in alphabetical order,
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followed by the files (also in alphabetical order).
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The :code:`dir` optional parameter allows you to specify the directory for which to display
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files.
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The :code:`--grep pattern` optional parameter allows you to only display files and directories
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with a certain pattern in their names.
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The :code:`-l` optional parameter allows you to force each item onto a single line.
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Examples::
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// List files/directories with the '.script' extension in the current directory
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$ ls -l --grep .script
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// List files/directories with the '.js' extension in the root directory
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$ ls / -l --grep .js
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// List files/directories with the word 'purchase' in the name, in the :code:`scripts` directory
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$ ls scripts -l --grep purchase
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lscpu
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^^^^^
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Prints the number of CPU cores the current server has.
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.. _mem_terminal_command:
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mem
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^^^
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$ mem [script name] [-t] [num threads]
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Displays the amount of RAM needed to run the specified script with a single
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thread. The command can also be used to print the amount of RAM needed to run
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a script with multiple threads using the '-t' flag. If the '-t' flag is
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specified, then an argument for the number of threads must be passed in
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afterwards. Examples::
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$ mem foo.script
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$ mem foo.script -t 50
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The first example above will print the amount of RAM needed to run 'foo.script'
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with a single thread. The second example above will print the amount of RAM needed
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to run 'foo.script' with 50 threads.
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.. _mv_terminal_command:
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mv
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^^
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$ mv [source] [destination]
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Move the source file to the specified destination in the filesystem.
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See :ref:`terminal_filesystem` for more details about the Terminal's filesystem.
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This command only works for scripts and text files (.txt). It cannot, however, be used
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to convert from script to text file, or vice versa.
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This function can also be used to rename files.
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.. note:: Unlike the Linux :code:`mv` command, the *destination* argument must be the
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full filepath. It cannot be a directory.
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Examples::
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$ mv hacking.script scripts/hacking.script
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$ mv myScript.js myOldScript.js
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nano
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^^^^
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$ nano [filename]
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Opens up the specified file in the Text Editor. Only scripts (.script, .js) and
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text files (.txt) can be edited. If the file does not already exist, then a new
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empty file will be created.
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ps
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^^
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$ ps [-g, --grep pattern]
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Prints all scripts that are currently running on the current server.
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The :code:`-g, --grep pattern` option will only output running scripts where the name matches the provided pattern.
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rm
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^^
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$ rm [filename]
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Removes the specified file from the current server. This works for every file type
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except literature files (.lit).
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**WARNING: This is permanent and cannot be undone**
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.. _run_terminal_command:
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run
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^^^
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$ run [file name] [-t] [num threads] [args...]
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Execute a program, script, or :ref:`codingcontracts`.
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The '[-t]', '[num threads]', and '[args...]' arguments are only valid when
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running a script. The '-t' flag is used to indicate that the script should
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be run with the specified number of threads. If the flag is omitted, then
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the script will be run with a single thread by default. If the '-t' flag is
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used, then it MUST come immediately after the script name, and the
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[num threads] argument MUST come immediately afterwards.
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[args...] represents a variable number of arguments that will be passed into
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the script. See the documentation about script arguments. Each specified
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argument must be separated by a space.
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**Examples**
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Run a program::
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$ run BruteSSH.exe
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Run *foo.script* with 50 threads and the arguments [1e3, 0.5, foodnstuff]::
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$ run foo.script -t 50 1e3 0.5 foodnstuff
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Run a Coding Contract::
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$ run foo-contract.cct
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scan
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^^^^
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Prints all immediately-available network connections. This will print a list
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of all servers that you can currently connect to using the 'connect' Terminal command.
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.. _scan_analyze_terminal_command:
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scan-analyze
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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$ scan-analyze [depth]
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Prints detailed information about all servers up to *[depth]* nodes away on the
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network. Calling 'scan-analyze 1' will display information for the same servers
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that are shown by the 'scan' Terminal command. This command also shows the
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relative paths to reach each server.
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By default, the maximum depth that can be specified for 'scan-analyze' is 3.
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However, once you have the *DeepscanV1.exe* and *DeepscanV2.exe* programs, you can
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execute 'scan-analyze' with a depth up to 5 and 10, respectively.
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The information 'scan-analyze' displays about each server includes whether or
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not you have root access to it, its required hacking level, the number of open
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ports required to run NUKE.exe on it, and how much RAM it has.
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.. _scp_terminal_command:
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scp
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^^^
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$ scp [script name] [target server]
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Copies the specified script from the current server to the target server.
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The second argument passed in must be the hostname or IP of the target server.
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sudov
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^^^^^
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Prints whether or not you have root access to the current server.
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.. _tail_terminal_command:
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tail
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^^^^
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$ tail [script name] [args...]
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Displays dynamic logs for the script specified by the script name and arguments.
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Each argument must be separated by a space. Remember that a running script is
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uniquely identified by both its name and the arguments that were used to run
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it. So, if a script was ran with the following arguments::
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$ run foo.script 10 50000
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Then in order to check its logs with 'tail' the same arguments must be used::
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$ tail foo.script 10 50000
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top
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^^^
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Prints a list of all scripts running on the current server as well as their
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thread count and how much RAM they are using in total.
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.. _unalias_terminal_command:
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unalias
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^^^^^^^
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$ unalias "[alias name]"
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Deletes the specified alias. Note that the double quotation marks are required.
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As an example, if an alias was declared using::
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$ alias r="run"
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Then it could be removed using::
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$ unalias "r"
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It is not necessary to differentiate between global and non-global aliases when using 'unalias'
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wget
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^^^^
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$ wget [url] [target file]
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Retrieves data from a url and downloads it to a file on the current server.
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The data can only be downloaded to a script (.script, .js) or a text file
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(.txt). If the target file already exists, it will be overwritten by this command.
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Note that will not be possible to download data from many websites because they
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do not allow cross-origin resource sharing (CORS). This includes websites such
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as gist and pastebin. One notable site it will work on is rawgithub. Example::
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$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitburner-official/bitburner-src/master/README.md game_readme.txt
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Argument Parsing
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----------------
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When evaluating a terminal command, arguments are initially parsed based on whitespace (usually spaces).
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Each whitespace character signifies the end of an argument, and potentially the start
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of new one. For most terminal commands, this is all you need to know.
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When running scripts, however, it is important to know in more detail how arguments are parsed.
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There are two main points:
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1. Quotation marks can be used to wrap a single argument and force it to be parsed as
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a string. Any whitespace inside the quotation marks will not cause a new argument
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to be parsed.
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2. Anything that can represent a number is automatically cast to a number, unless its
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surrounded by quotation marks.
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Here's an example to show how these rules work. Consider the following script `argType.script`::
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tprint("Number of args: " + args.length);
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for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
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tprint(typeof args[i]);
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}
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Then if we run the following terminal command::
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$ run argType.script 123 1e3 "5" "this is a single argument"
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We'll see the following in the Terminal::
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Running script with 1 thread(s) and args: [123, 1000, "5", "this is a single argument"].
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May take a few seconds to start up the process...
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argType.script: Number of args: 4
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argType.script: number
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argType.script: number
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argType.script: string
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argType.script: string
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Chaining Commands
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-----------------
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You can run multiple Terminal commands at once by separating each command
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with a semicolon (;).
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Example::
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$ run foo.script; tail foo.script
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